本文關(guān)鍵詞： 行政決策 公眾參與 決策公正 公民權(quán)利 參與規(guī)則　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公眾參與行政決策是指公眾參與行政決策的過(guò)程并且影響其最終結(jié)果,從而使行政決策科學(xué)合理,符合公眾的利益要求。公眾參與行政決策是政府現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的必然要求,也是法治政府建設(shè)的內(nèi)在組成要素。隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步和民主化程度的提高,公眾參與行政決策的制度化法律化取得了一定的成果。然而,仍然有不少與公眾生存和日常生活關(guān)系密切的行政決策項(xiàng)目,公眾經(jīng)常無(wú)法有效參與。本文明確了公眾參與行政決策這一概念的內(nèi)涵,并從公民權(quán)利和行政決策自身要求兩方面分析了公眾參與行政決策的必要性,同時(shí)通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)公眾參與行政決策的法律及其運(yùn)行狀況進(jìn)行分析,找出了我國(guó)公眾參與行政決策的體制中出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的主要原因。在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了能夠保障公眾有效參與行政決策的法律制度應(yīng)該包涵的一些核心要件,通過(guò)對(duì)這些要件進(jìn)行逐一分析和梳理,試圖為我國(guó)公眾參與行政決策的相關(guān)立法提供一些建議。論文首先對(duì)公眾參與行政決策這一概念進(jìn)行了定義,并分析了我國(guó)公眾參與行政決策的法律在運(yùn)行中發(fā)揮的作用和存在的缺陷,指出當(dāng)前我國(guó)公眾參與行政決策效果不佳的原因主要為:首先,公眾參與行政決策的意識(shí)和能力較弱;其次,公眾參與決策的事項(xiàng)范圍不明確;再次,公眾參與行政決策的主體權(quán)利地位缺失;最后,公眾參與行政決策沒(méi)有明確的程序路徑和制度保障。本文認(rèn)為:在對(duì)公眾參與意識(shí)和參與能力的培養(yǎng)上,應(yīng)該通過(guò)法律途徑進(jìn)一步推行政府信息公開(kāi),使政府信息公開(kāi)的水平符合公眾參與決策的需要,同時(shí)激活和發(fā)揮基層社會(huì)組織在引導(dǎo)公眾參與行政決策方面的積極作用;關(guān)于公眾參與決策的事項(xiàng)范圍,所有的行政決策都需要公眾參與,同時(shí)根據(jù)事項(xiàng)本身的復(fù)雜程度、對(duì)公眾造成影響的大小以及公眾對(duì)相關(guān)事項(xiàng)的關(guān)心程度,組織相應(yīng)形式和規(guī)模的公眾參與;在公眾參與權(quán)利的保障上,能參與行政決策的主體范圍應(yīng)該盡量大,使利害關(guān)系人、專家和其他熱心公眾都有機(jī)會(huì)參與;在參與程序規(guī)則的設(shè)置上,應(yīng)該從程序啟動(dòng)、議程設(shè)置、效果監(jiān)督等方面合理設(shè)置參與的程序規(guī)則,確保公平和效率兼顧。聽(tīng)證會(huì)作為公眾參與行政決策的一種重要形式,其價(jià)值就在于能夠讓作出決策的行政機(jī)關(guān)在決策前聽(tīng)取利害關(guān)系人的意見(jiàn)或建議,因而公眾對(duì)其寄予厚望。由于公眾在我國(guó)行政決策中的主體地位尚未得到足夠的重視,聽(tīng)證會(huì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)中未能有效發(fā)揮作用。所以,我們需要從組織者、參會(huì)代表的名額配置以及會(huì)議議程的具體設(shè)置等方面構(gòu)建我國(guó)的聽(tīng)證會(huì)制度。論文對(duì)上述觀點(diǎn)分別進(jìn)行了論證,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了保障公眾參與行政決策權(quán)利的立法建議,認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從以下幾個(gè)方面建立和完善公眾參與行政決策的法律制度:首先,建立政府信息公開(kāi)方面的法律,強(qiáng)化和落實(shí)政府信息公開(kāi)制度,使政府信息公開(kāi)的水平滿足公眾參與行政決策的需要;其次,明確基層社會(huì)組織在公眾參與行政決策中的責(zé)任和權(quán)力,激活和發(fā)揮其積極作用;再次,擴(kuò)大公眾參與行政決策的主體范圍和事項(xiàng)范圍,從法律確認(rèn)公眾參與行政決策的權(quán)利和主體地位;最后,從公眾參與程序的啟動(dòng)、議程的設(shè)置以及參與效果的監(jiān)督等方面合理制定公眾參與程序,確保公正和效率的兼顧。
[Abstract]:Public participation in administrative decision-making is the process of public participation in administrative decision-making and the effect of the final results, so that the administrative decision is scientific and reasonable, conform to the public interests. The public participation in administrative decision-making is the inevitable requirement of the modernization of the government, but also the rule of law government construction within elements. With the social progress and increased democratization, the public participate in the administrative decision system of law has made some achievements. However, there are still a lot of survival and daily life and the public relations administrative decision-making project closely, the public often can not effectively participate. It makes clear the connotation of the concept of public participation in administrative decision-making, and from the civil and administrative decision-making itself two aspects analysis the necessity of public participation in administrative decision-making, and also through the legal status of the administrative decision-making for public participation in our country is analyzed, find out The main reason for the problems of China's public participation in administrative decision-making system. On the basis of summarizing some of the core elements of the legal system to safeguard public participation in administrative decision-making should be included, one by one through the analysis and research about these elements, trying to provide some suggestions for the legislation of administrative decision. The public participation in our country firstly, the concept of public participation in administrative decision-making is defined, and the analysis of the administrative decision-making for public participation in our country legal play in the operation of the role and defects, it pointed out that China's public participation in administrative decision-making causes poor effect mainly as follows: first, the public participation in administrative decision-making consciousness and ability is weak; secondly, public participation in decision-making matters is not clear; thirdly, lack of rights and status of public participation in administrative decision-making; finally, no public participation in administrative decision-making The program path and system guarantee clear. This paper holds that in the public participation consciousness and ability, should be through legal channels to open government information, government information disclosure level need to make the public participation in decision-making at the same time, activation and play a positive role in guiding the social organizations in the public participation in administrative decision-making; on public participation in decision-making matters, all administrative decisions require public participation, at the same time, according to the complexity of the matter itself, concerned about the degree of impact on the size of the public and the public on matters related to the corresponding organization form and scale of public participation; public participation in the protection of the rights, can participate in the administrative decision-making subject scope should be as large as possible, so that the parties, experts and other interested public have the opportunity to participate in the program; participation rules set, should From starting the program, agenda setting, effective supervision in the reasonable set of rules of procedure, to ensure the fairness and efficiency of the hearing. As an important form of public participation in administrative decision-making, its value is to make decision administrative organs to listen to the views of interested parties or advice before making a decision, so it has high hopes for the public because of the public. In the administrative decision-making in our country's subjectivity has not been given sufficient attention, the hearing failed to play an effective role in reality. Therefore, we need to construct the system of our country from the organizers, the hearing participants quota allocation and setting the agenda of the meeting and so on. The above views were demonstrated on this basis, put forward proposals to protect the rights of public participation in administrative decision-making, should establish and improve public participation from the following aspects The legal system of administrative decision: first, the establishment of government information disclosure law, strengthen and implement the government information disclosure system, the government information disclosure level to meet the needs of public participation in administrative decision-making; secondly, clear the grass-roots social organizations in the public participation in administrative decision-making responsibility and authority, activation and play a positive role; thirdly, expand the scope of the main body of public participation in administrative decision-making and the scope of the matters, from the legal recognition of public participation in administrative decision-making rights and status; finally, from the public participation program start, agenda setting and participation supervision to formulate reasonable public participation procedures, to ensure both fairness and efficiency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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