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  本文關鍵詞：保理合同糾紛裁判實證研究　出處：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 保理 保理合同 裁判規(guī)則

【摘要】：保理是一項以債權轉讓為條件獲取融資的綜合性金融業(yè)務。根據相關的理論與實踐,可以從不同角度將保理區(qū)分為國際保理與國內保理、有追索權保理與無追索權保理、公開型保理與隱蔽型保理、銀行保理與商業(yè)保理、單保理與雙保理等不同類型。保理合同是債權人與保理商達成的有關基礎合同項下應收賬款債權轉讓、融資、應收賬款催收、應收賬款賬戶管理、壞賬擔保中的一項或多項事務的協(xié)議。相對于普通的債權轉讓合同而言,保理合同具有主體的多樣性、客體的獨特性、權利義務關系的復雜性以及形式的特定性等特征。我國保理業(yè)務起步較晚,尚無專門針對保理業(yè)務的立法與司法解釋,加之保理糾紛案件的復雜性,這就導致了在司法實踐中保理糾紛案件法律定性難、判決無法可依以及對案件法律事實的認識不統(tǒng)一等問題,這些因素共同導致了保理糾紛案件裁判標準不統(tǒng)一的司法困境。本文立足于這一實踐問題,從最高人民法院裁判文書庫選取了幾個具有代表性意義的司法裁判實例,并結合保理合同的法理特征對之進行了實證分析,歸納出了保理合同糾紛案件的共性,提出了審理此類案件所應當遵循的裁判規(guī)則:首先,在保理合同法律關系的性質及案由的認定上,對于基礎合同項下債權人以轉讓應收賬款為對價從保理商處獲得融資,保理商除提供融資以外,還提供應收賬款催收、應收賬款賬戶管理、壞賬擔保等綜合性金融服務中的一項或多項的行為,應認定為保理合同法律關系,案由應確定為“保理合同”。其次,在保理合同當事人的訴訟地位與案件管轄權的認定上,應當與《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》中有關當事人訴訟地位和案件管轄的規(guī)定相一致。第三,在有追索權的保理合同中,應收賬款出讓人應向保理商承擔應收賬款到期未獲清償的責任;而在無追索權的保理合同中,則無需承擔上述責任。第四,保理合同的應收賬款轉讓糾紛與保理合同的擔保合同糾紛不能合并審理。第五,在保理合同糾紛中債權轉讓通知效力的認定上,應以通知為債務人向保理商履行付款義務的要件,若債權人未履行通知義務,則保理合同僅具有對內效力。第六,若基礎合同項下應收賬款禁止轉讓,則保理合同無效。第七,基礎合同項下債務人對債權人的抗辯可以直接向保理商主張。第八,在基礎合同變更、無基礎合同關系、虛構基礎合同騙取融資等情形的處理上,應根據各方當事人的過錯而區(qū)別對待。這些裁判規(guī)則既可以為我國保理合同糾紛案件的審理提供建議,又可以為保理行業(yè)的相關立法提供支持。促進保理業(yè)務朝著良性、規(guī)范的方向發(fā)展,需要完善相關立法,還要建立和完善保理行業(yè)監(jiān)管制度。完善保理行業(yè)立法,就要加快保理合同糾紛立法和相關的規(guī)范性法律文件的制定工作,并且要制定和完善保理行業(yè)法規(guī)。除此之外,還要加快建立保理仲裁制度,并用法制的手段筑牢保理制度的信用基礎。最后,還應當加快保理糾紛案件司法裁判人才的培養(yǎng),以適應解決專業(yè)性、復雜性問題的需求。建立有效、統(tǒng)一的保理行業(yè)監(jiān)管制度,就需要統(tǒng)一保理業(yè)務的監(jiān)管部門,制定統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)管標準、監(jiān)管流程和體系,并且要加快保理業(yè)務監(jiān)管人材的培養(yǎng)。
[Abstract]:Factoring is a comprehensive financial service to obtain financing for the transfer of creditor's rights conditions. According to the relevant theory and practice, from different angles will be divided into international and domestic factoring factoring factoring with recourse factoring and non recourse factoring, factoring and open hidden factoring, factoring and factoring business, single factoring and double factoring factoring contract. Different types of creditors and factoring reached the relevant basis under the contract of assignment of account receivable, financing, accounts receivable collection, accounts receivable management, one or more items in the transaction guarantee agreement. Compared with the ordinary creditor's rights transfer contract, diversity factoring contract is the main object, uniqueness, complexity and form the specific characteristics of the relationship of rights and obligations. The factoring business in China started late, there is no specific legislative and judicial factoring Explain, complexity and factoring disputes. This resulted in the judicial practice of factoring disputes legal qualitative difficult problem of decision can not follow the understanding of legal facts of the case and is not unified, these factors resulted in the factoring disputes referee standards are not unified in a judicial dilemma. Based on this practice. From the Supreme People's court referee the stack select several representative examples of judicial judgment, and combined with the legal characteristics of factoring contract to make an empirical analysis, summed up the dispute case of factoring contract in common, proposed should follow the trial of such cases in the judicial rules: first, in the identification of the nature and cause of the legal relationship factoring contract on the basis of the contract creditors to the transfer of accounts receivable for the price to get financing from factoring, factoring in financing outside, Also provides a collection of accounts receivable, accounts receivable management, one or more bad debt guarantees and other comprehensive financial services in behavior, should be recognized as the legal relationship of the factoring contract, should be defined as "factoring contract". Secondly, in the case that the litigation status and factoring contract parties jurisdiction, shall consistent with the provisions of the relevant jurisdiction litigation status "and the case of People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law >. In third, recourse factoring contract, the transferor shall submit to the accounts receivable factoring accounts receivable bear compensation liability maturity has not been clear; but in a non recourse factoring contract, there is no need to take the responsibility. Fourth, the transfer of accounts receivable factoring contract disputes and factoring contract guarantee contract dispute cannot be consolidated. In fifth, identified in the factoring contract disputes on the validity of the notice of assignment of rights, should be to pass Know the requirements for payment obligations of the debtor to fulfill the factoring business, if the creditor fails to perform the obligation of notification, it only has the internal validity of factoring contract. Sixth, if the basic contract prohibits the transfer of accounts receivable, then factoring contract is invalid. Seventh, under the basic contract debtor to the creditor the defense can be directly to the factoring claims eighth, changes in the basic contract, without the basis of contract, contract processing based fictitious fraudulent financing case, the parties should be based on the fault of the distinction. These rules can provide suggestions for China's factoring contract dispute case, and can provide the support for the related legislation of factoring industry. Promoting factoring in a benign and normal direction, the need to improve the relevant legislation, to establish and perfect the supervision system of the factoring industry. Perfect factoring industry legislation, it is necessary to speed up the factoring contract. Have the relevant legislation and normative legal documents work, and to develop and improve the factoring industry regulations. In addition, to accelerate the establishment of factoring arbitration system, and use legal means to build the credit foundation of factoring system. Finally, it should speed up the training of factoring disputes judicial personnel, to solve the professional the complexity of the problem, the establishment of effective demand. The factoring industry, unified supervision system, supervision department requires a unified factoring, formulate a unified regulatory standards, regulatory processes and systems, and to speed up the training of personnel supervision. Factoring

【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.6

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本文編號：1410062