本文關(guān)鍵詞：多元善治：我國城鎮(zhèn)低保群體的脫貧路徑研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城鎮(zhèn)低保群體 多元主義 善治 脫貧

【摘要】：貧困作為一種與人類發(fā)展相伴生的社會現(xiàn)象,備受社會各界的關(guān)注。20世紀90年代以來,我國一直以農(nóng)村脫貧為重點,脫貧取得了良好的成就。與此相對,隨著工業(yè)化、城市化的發(fā)展,城鎮(zhèn)貧困形勢越來越嚴峻,尤其是數(shù)量大、貧困問題尤為突出的城鎮(zhèn)低保群體,不僅影響居民整體生活質(zhì)量的提升,而且不利于全面小康社會的建成,威脅社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。因此,在借鑒多元理論與善治思想的基礎(chǔ)上,研究城鎮(zhèn)低保群體的實際困難及其脫貧路徑具有重要意義。本文立足于我國國情,綜合利用多種研究方法,借助福利多元主義和貧困歸因論,首先對我國城鎮(zhèn)低保群體的生存現(xiàn)狀和生存需求進行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)低保群體本身存在著年齡偏大、學(xué)歷偏低等現(xiàn)狀,現(xiàn)行低保救助方面存在著低保待遇低、受助者易產(chǎn)生不良心理等問題,在就業(yè)再就業(yè)方面存在意愿低、培訓(xùn)少、路徑少等問題,低保群體生活依然較貧困,非常期望提高救助水平、擺脫貧困狀態(tài)。其次,我國傳統(tǒng)解決城鎮(zhèn)貧困群體貧困問題的路徑,主要是城鎮(zhèn)貧困救助體系發(fā)揮作用,輔以能夠提高居民的收入水平的國家城鎮(zhèn)宏觀反貧困政策。在傳統(tǒng)反貧路徑作用下,我國絕對貧困不斷減少,貧困者之間的收入不平等得到緩解。但仍存在一些問題,包括政府、社會以及個人在內(nèi)的責(zé)任主體主動性不足,傳統(tǒng)脫貧路徑發(fā)揮作用受限,相關(guān)體系建設(shè)尚需完善。再次,通過研究國外部分國家的反貧工作,發(fā)現(xiàn)貧困問題的解決需要多元主體的共同參與,尤其是通過就業(yè)再就業(yè)和提升人力資本等措施促進受助者自身在減貧脫貧中能動性的提高;需要通過立法確立反貧的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,并在情況的變化中不斷完善社會救助體系,建立健全反貧的法制化和系統(tǒng)化;在脫貧的過程中注重國家宏觀政策以及國際援助的作用。最后,在前文研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了依靠發(fā)揮政府、非政府組織等社會力量以及城鎮(zhèn)低保者自身的主觀能動性、依靠建立健全法制化、程序化、專業(yè)化和信息化城鎮(zhèn)低保群體反貧體系、依靠相關(guān)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)的作用實現(xiàn)我國城鎮(zhèn)低保群體脫貧事業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)全面小康社會,最終實現(xiàn)善治。
[Abstract]:Poverty, as a social phenomenon associated with human development, has attracted the attention of all walks of life since 90s. Since 90s, our country has always focused on poverty eradication in rural areas, and has achieved good results. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, the situation of urban poverty is becoming more and more severe, especially the large number of urban minimum living standard groups, which has a prominent poverty problem, which not only affects the improvement of the overall quality of life of the residents. And it is not conducive to the establishment of a well-off society in an all-round way and threatens the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, on the basis of learning from the pluralistic theory and the thought of good governance. It is of great significance to study the practical difficulties of the urban low security groups and their ways of getting rid of poverty. This paper bases on the national conditions of our country, synthetically utilizes many kinds of research methods, with the help of welfare pluralism and poverty attribution theory. First of all, the survival status and survival needs of the urban minimum living standard groups in China are studied. It is found that the minimum living allowance group itself has the status quo of being too old and the education background is low, and there is a low living standard in the aspect of the current minimum living allowance relief. The recipients are prone to problems such as bad psychology, low willingness to re-employment, less training, fewer paths and so on. The minimum living standard is still relatively poor, very expected to improve the level of assistance. Second, the traditional way to solve the poverty problem of urban poverty groups is mainly the role of urban poverty relief system. Accompanied by the national anti-poverty policy, which can improve the income level of the residents, the absolute poverty in our country has been decreasing under the influence of the traditional anti-poverty path. Income inequality among the poor has been alleviated. However, there are still some problems, including the lack of initiative of the responsible subjects, including government, society and individuals, and the limitation of the role of the traditional path out of poverty. Third, through the study of anti-poverty work in some foreign countries, we find that the solution of poverty problem needs the participation of multiple subjects. In particular, through employment re-employment and upgrading human capital measures to promote the recipients themselves in poverty reduction and poverty alleviation initiative; It is necessary to establish the relevant contents of anti-poverty through legislation, and constantly improve the social assistance system in the changing situation, and establish and perfect the legalization and systematization of anti-poverty; In the process of poverty eradication, we pay attention to the role of national macro policy and international aid. Finally, on the basis of the previous study, this paper puts forward to rely on the government. Non-governmental organizations and other social forces as well as the subjective initiative of the urban people rely on the establishment and improvement of the legal, procedural, specialized and informational anti-poverty system. Depending on the function of the relevant support network, we can realize the further development of the poverty relief cause of the urban low security group in our country, realize the overall well-off society, and finally realize the good governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D632.1

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