水稻是應對全球人口增長和糧食安全需求的重要作物,中國是世界上最大的稻米生產(chǎn)國和消費國之一。然而,由于自然土地有限,人口不斷增加,中國和許多國家正面臨提高水稻產(chǎn)量的同時減少環(huán)境問題的雙重挑戰(zhàn)。為了應對這個挑戰(zhàn),許多亞洲國家,特別是日本,中國,印度,尼西亞,越南,韓國和菲律賓,建議將稻鴨共作系統(tǒng)納入種植實踐。與常規(guī)的水稻種植相比,稻鴨共作被認為是有機農(nóng)業(yè)的一種形式。農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)中的稻鴨共作不僅可以提高水稻產(chǎn)量,也能促進鴨的繁殖。稻田中的鴨子扮演著幾個很重要的角色。例如,鴨子是非常強大的捕食者,捕食昆蟲,雜草和小動物,如金蘋果蝸牛。鴨子的活動,包括散步、游泳、進食、梳理、劃槳和摩擦等,可以改善稻田微環(huán)境,防止稻米病害。鴨子的糞便進入農(nóng)田系統(tǒng),可以增加農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)分含量,充當有機肥的角色。以前的研究中提到了常規(guī)水稻種植和稻鴨共作系統(tǒng)中的養(yǎng)分含量(氮元素),但這些研究都沒有將同位素15N應用于這兩個農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)。本研究不僅強調(diào)了稻鴨共作,常規(guī)種植的共生效益,而且單獨施用化肥,化肥和有機肥結合使用,化肥施用量減少30%,有機肥施用量不變。因此,除了鴨子的影響外,本研究還證明了有機肥對比化肥在田間的重要性。...

【文章頁數(shù)】：120 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 General overview
    1.2 Background
    1.3 The importance of nitrogen in agricultural system
    1.4 Basic nitrogen process in the soil-plant system
    1.5 Nitrogen cycle in agricultural system
    1.6 Role of nitrogen in plants
    1.7 Over use chemical nitrogen as a result of serious environmental problem
    1.8 N isotopes
    1.9 Basic composition of rice-duck co-culture system
    1.10 Effects of rice-duck co-culture on paddy field weeds
    1.11 Effects of rice-duck co-culture on soil fertility and soil microbes
    1.12 Stimulating effects of duck activities on rice plants
    1.13 Roles and functions of ducks on crop production
    1.14 Benefit analysis:Rice-duck co-culture
    1.15 Mutualism benefit on the interaction between rice and duck
    1.16 Aims and Hypothesis
Chapter 2 Materials and methods
    2.1 Field experiment
        2.1.1 Experimental site
        2.1.2 Agricultural activities and sampling record in2017 and
        2.1.3 Experimental design and operation
    2.2 N pot experiment
    2.3 Sampling and measurements
    2.4 Calculations
    2.5 Statistical analyses
Chapter 3 Results
    3.1 N and P concentration in the first rice season(2017)
    3.2 Effects of Organic Fertilizer in the Field
    3.3 Yield and Yield components at Ninghe experimental farm in2017
    3.4 N concentration in rice season2 (2018)
    3.5 Interactive effect between duck level and treatment,year,duck level and treatment on N concentration in two consecutive rice seasons
    3.6 Pot experiment with Japonica rice varieties
    3.7 Total15N content
    3.8 N derived from the fertilizer and from the soil
    3.9 Fresh Grain15N,Husk15N Content,N Uptake,and N Use Efficiency
Chapter 4 Discussion
    4.1 Effect of duck presence on rice plant growth and rice yield
    4.2 Interactive effects of duck levels,treatment,and year and treatment on N concentration
    4.3 Importance of Organic Fertilizer in the Field
    4.4 Responses of N application on the growth of Japonica rice varieties in two soil types
    4.5 Influence of Ammonium Sulfate-15N in the Field,N derived from the fertilizer and from the soil with and without duck in the field
    4.6 Concentration of15N,N uptake,and N use efficiency
Chapter 5 General conclusion
    5.1 Main conclusions
    5.2 Perspectives and future directions
References
Appendices
Acknowledgements
Author Resume



本文編號：3795012