保護性生物防治強調(diào)利用自然和其它非作物植被作為天敵棲息的場所,在害蟲爆發(fā)的時候,這些場所能夠為中心田塊提供自然天敵以防控害蟲。鑒定出能夠支持某些特定的天敵,為其提供庇護所的植被類型的需要并沒有得到滿足。在蕓薹屬作物和與其相鄰的非作物田塊和非蕓薹屬作物的景觀格局下,我們主要關(guān)注了不同田塊類型中蜘蛛類群的共性:豐度和多樣性。我們采用了基于空間的多元變量分類方法,層次聚類和空間特征向量分析。中國南方的小田塊混合耕作和高人為干擾頻率的特點為關(guān)于蜘蛛保護提供了一系列的研究場所。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),不同類型植物中的蜘蛛科類別差異十分明顯。在田塊邊緣的草地,非作物植物類型（包含灌木叢,雜草和草地）,芋頭,甘薯中發(fā)現(xiàn)了與蕓薹屬蔬菜作物相同的蜘蛛形態(tài)種和功能集團。與此相反,南瓜和荔枝中的蜘蛛形態(tài)種和功能集團并未在蕓薹屬蔬菜中發(fā)現(xiàn),這可能對蜘蛛的保護性生物防治并無益處。試驗運用基于鑒定自然天敵和土地利用空間關(guān)系的高級統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法,很可能會提供一個保護性生物防治的可替代棲息地的新假說。農(nóng)業(yè)集約化是導(dǎo)致局部和全球范圍內(nèi)生物多樣性喪失的一個主要原因。田間管理和景觀結(jié)構(gòu)能夠影響生物多樣性,但是這些因素是如何影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：143 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Appendix List of Abbreviations
摘要
Abstract
1 General introduction and review of literature
    1.1 Loss of biodiversity
    1.2 Biological control in IPM
    1.3 Role of nearby landscape structure on assemblage of spiders
    1.4 Impacts of Landscape complexity on the assemblage of spiders
    1.5 Impacts of local field management practices on the assemblage of spiders
    1.6 Life history traits in ecological studies
    1.7 Predator-prey interactions
    1.8 Statement of the problem and justification
2 Multivariate ordination identifies vegetation types associated with spiderconservation in Brassica fields
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Material and Methods
        2.2.1 Experimental design and sampling
        2.2.2 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
    2.4 Discussion and conclusions
3 A tale of two scales: local management and surrounding landscape influence theassemblage, taxonomic and functional composition of spiders in Brassica fields
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Study region and site selection
        3.2.2 Sampling and Identification of spiders
        3.2.3 Molecular identification of morphospecies
        3.2.4 Life-history traits
        3.2.5 Data analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Diversity
        3.3.2 Life-history traits
    3.4. Discussion
4 Biological control in Brassica fields:High-thoroughput sequencing reveals thedietary patterns of generalist predators
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and methods
        4.2.1 Collection of samples and DNA extraction
        4.2.2 Selection of universal invertebrate primers
        4.2.3 PCR amplification and sequencing
        4.2.4 Analyses of sequence data
        4.2.5 Statistical data analyses
    4.3 Results
    4.4 Discussion
5 General discussion, conclusion and recommendation
    5.1 Discussion
    5.2 Conclusion and recommendation
References
Acknowledgements
Published Papers and other Academic Achievements during the PhD Program
Appendices



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