小白菜（Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis L.）,屬于十字花科,含較高的纖維素等植物化學(xué)物質(zhì),具有顯著的促進(jìn)健康的特性,是中國最主要的綠葉蔬菜。新鮮蔬菜的質(zhì)量可以根據(jù)其營養(yǎng)價(jià)值、生長條件和肥料的施用情況進(jìn)行評(píng)估。次生代謝物是植物中主要的植物化學(xué)物質(zhì),對(duì)植物的生存和人類健康都起著重要的作用。類黃酮,是一類廣泛分布的多酚次生代謝物,具有廣泛的生物活性,與植物生理、生長和發(fā)育相關(guān)。類黃酮,具有很強(qiáng)的抗氧化活性,能保護(hù)植物免受不利因子的脅迫,還能促進(jìn)與植物和微生物的相互作用。類黃酮最重要的作用之一是保護(hù)植物免受非生物（鹽、干旱、紫外輻射和高溫）和生物（病原體和害蟲）脅迫。類黃酮分子中共軛雙鍵的存在使它們具有顯著的抗氧化活性,而清除活性氧對(duì)于維持植物細(xì)胞內(nèi)氧化還原狀態(tài)的平衡非常重要。一般情況下,黃酮類化合物能夠通過還原單線態(tài)氧,阻礙活性氧合成酶（如脂氧合酶、環(huán)氧合酶黃嘌呤氧化酶、單氧合酶）活性,螯合金屬離子,抑制脂質(zhì)過氧化等方式抑制活性氧的生成,并促進(jìn)其他抗氧化劑的循環(huán)。在植物中,類黃酮的大部分功能是由于其強(qiáng)大的抗氧化特性。類黃酮不僅參與植物對(duì)抗不利環(huán)境條件,有... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：162 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 General introduction and literature review
    1.1 Beneficial phytochemicals in Pakchoi
    1.2 Potential roles of flavonoids in Rhizosphere
    1.3 Flavonoids and symbionts recruitment
    1.4 Flavonoids and environmental conditions
    1.5 Piriformospora indica
    1.6 Host plant root colonization by P.indica
    1.7 Biotic and abiotic stress tolerance
    1.8 Biocontrol effect of Periformospora indica
    1.9 P.indica alter the expression level of defense and stress-related genes
    1.10 Concluding remarks about beneficial fungus P.indica
    1.11 Study goal
    1.12 Specific objectives
    1.13 Research framework
Chapter 2 Elevation of secondary metabolites synthesis in Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis L.via exogenous inoculation of Piriformospora indica with appropriate fertilizer
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Chemicals and reagents
        2.2.2 Greenhouse experiments
        2.2.3 Fertilizers and inoculation of soil
        2.2.4 Fungal inoculum preparation
        2.2.5 Plant material and growth conditions
        2.2.6 Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis
        2.2.7 Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
        2.2.8 Growth and root analysis
        2.2.9 Measurement of total phenolic compounds
        2.2.10 Measurement of total flavonoid content
        2.2.11 Measurement of phenolic acid content
        2.2.12 HPLC-MS analysis
        2.2.13 Chlorophylls and carotenoids measurement
        2.2.14 Total antioxidant activity
        2.2.15 Statistical analysis of data
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Morphological indices
        2.3.2 Roots colonization assay
        2.3.3 Health-promoting compounds analysis
        2.3.4 Chlorophylls and carotenoids
        2.3.5 Expression level of flavonoid pathway genes
        2.3.6 Free radical scavenging activity
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusions
    2.6 Abbreviations used
Chapter 3 An endosymbiont Piriformospora indica reduces adverse effects of salinity by regulating cation transporter genes,phytohormones,and antioxidants in Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Material and methods
        3.2.1 Piriformospora indica culture and plant growth
        3.2.2 Treatments
        3.2.3 Parameters measured
            3.2.3.1 Biomass production
            3.2.3.2 Root colonization assay
            3.2.3.3 Total chlorophyll assessment
            3.2.3.4 Leaf relative water content and electrolyte leakage
            3.2.3.5 Efficiency of photosystem II
            3.2.3.6 Antioxidant enzyme assay and malondialdehyde(MDA)estimation
            3.2.3.7 Determination of Phytohormones by UPLC-3QMS
            3.2.3.8 Mineral nutrients determination
            3.2.3.9 Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis
            3.2.3.10 Quantitative real-time PCR analysis
        3.2.4 Statistical analysis of data
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 P.indica promoted B.campestris ssp.chinensis growth
        3.3.2 P.indica root colonization/symbiotic development assay
        3.3.3 P.indica increased leaf area and chlorophyll content
        3.3.4 Electrolyte leakage,relative water content,and efficiency of photosystem II
        3.3.5 P.indica improved the enzymatic activity under saline conditions
        3.3.6 P.indica reduced leaf MDA content under saline conditions
        3.3.7 P.indica augmented abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA)concentration
        3.3.8 P.indica enhances the uptake of phosphorus and reduce sodium accumulation under saline conditions
        3.3.9 Encoded ion transporter genes expression analysis
    3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4 Suppression of clubroot(Plasmodiophora brassicae) development in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L. via exogenous inoculation of Piriformospora indica
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and methods
        4.2.1 Piriformospora indica and Plasmodiophora brassicae
        4.2.2 Plant cultivation and inoculation
        4.2.3 Properties of Soil and growth conditions
        4.2.4 Morphological and phytopathological analysis
        4.2.5 Major flavonoids determination
        4.2.6 Molecular analysis
        4.2.7 Statistical analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Morphological assessment
        4.3.2 Root colonization
        4.3.3 Polyphenols
        4.3.4 Clubroot symptoms under the influence of P.indica
        4.3.5 P.brassicae genes expression analysis through RT.PCR
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Conclusion
Chapter 5 Transcriptomic response of Pakchoi after incubation with endosymbiont Periformosopora indica,a possible biocontrol agent of Plasmodiophora brassicae
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and methods
        5.2.1 Piriformospora indica and Plasmodiophora brassicae
        5.2.2 Plant cultivation and inoculation
        5.2.3 Properties of Soil and growth conditions
        5.2.4 RNA Isolation
        5.2.5 Differential expression and mapping:Sequencing results analysis
        5.2.6 Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes
        5.2.7 Validation of RNA-Seq data by quantitative real-time PCR
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Roots sampling and confirmation of successful colonization by P.indica
        5.3.2 RNA-Seq Analysis
        5.3.3 NR annotation statistics
        5.3.4 Analysis and Verification of Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs)
        5.3.5 Functional annotation analysis of DEGs
        5.3.6 Pathways analysis
        5.3.7 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis in each treatment
    5.4 Discussion
Chapter 6 Major findings and outlook
    6.1 Major findings
    6.2 Outlook
References
List of publications
Funding information
Acknowledgement



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