磷（P）是地球上所有生命形式的基本元素。磷素是繼氮（N）之后作物生產(chǎn)中最重要的礦質(zhì)養(yǎng)分,作物生產(chǎn)中土壤需要充足的磷供應(yīng)。然而,在中國(guó)的糧食生產(chǎn)和其他作物系統(tǒng)中磷肥的過(guò)度使用都很常見(jiàn)。在我國(guó)北方石灰性土壤中磷素主要以無(wú)機(jī)態(tài)形式存在,約占土壤全磷的70-80%。然而磷素在施入土壤后大部分被土壤吸附固定轉(zhuǎn)化為緩效態(tài)和高穩(wěn)態(tài)積累在土壤中。磷肥的較低利用率使得大多數(shù)磷素積累在土壤中,形成了巨大的潛在磷庫(kù),不僅降低磷素的有效性,而且還會(huì)影響磷肥利用率,并且導(dǎo)致磷素資源浪費(fèi)和流失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。黃土高原是中國(guó)重要的農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)區(qū),冬小麥-夏季休耕是該地區(qū)的主要農(nóng)作物系統(tǒng)之一。在冬小麥種植過(guò)程中,磷肥的過(guò)量施用逐漸增加。夏季休耕種植綠色肥料可以提高土壤肥力,提高降雨利用效率,是發(fā)展可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的有效措施之一。但是,是否可以種植綠色肥料,影響土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì),激活土壤不溶性磷,增加土壤有效磷含量,促進(jìn)冬小麥磷吸收,減少肥料中磷的施用量?在黃土高原渭北旱地的半干旱氣候條件下,很少有此類研究報(bào)道。在田間開(kāi)展了3年的試驗(yàn),以期了解不同的夏閑期綠肥與磷肥用量對(duì)于土壤磷有效性、土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)（包括土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),土壤硝態(tài)氮?dú)埩?土壤全氮... 

【文章來(lái)源】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)陜西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：147 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER Ⅰ:GENERAL INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER Ⅱ:REVIEW OF LITERATURE
    2.1 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER USE IN CHINA
    2.2 WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEM OF CHINA
    2.3 HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF GREEN MANURE CULTIVATION
    2.4 ROLE OF GREEN MANURES ON SOIL PROPERTIES
    2.5 BENEFITS ON SOIL PROPERTIES
        2.5.1 Soil organic matter and carbon
        2.5.2 Soil nitrogen
    2.6 ROLE OF GREEN MANURES ON P AVAILABILITY
        2.6.1 Phosphorus acquisition by cover crops
        2.6.2 Root architecture
        2.6.3 Phosphorus mobilization
        2.6.4 Mineralization
        2.6.5 Cover crops under different soil management strategies
        2.6.6 Soil P and fertilization
        2.6.7 Cover cropping:long term effects and adoption
        2.6.8 Conceptual framework:how do cover crops affect P dynamics?
    2.7 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
    2.8 RESEARCH ROUTE
CHAPTER Ⅲ:IMPACT OF GREEN MANURES COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS RATES ON WHEAT GROWTH AND SOIL PROPERTIES
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.2.1 Experimental Site
        3.2.2 Experimental design and management practices
        3.2.3 Sampling and analysis
        3.2.4 Laboratory measurements
        3.2.5 Calculations and data analysis
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 Wheat yield,biomass,harvest index and spike numbers
        3.3.2 Wheat P uptake,Grain NPK content,PFP
        3.3.3 Soil P balance
        3.3.4 Soil organic matter
        3.3.5 Soil total nitrogen
        3.3.6 Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen storage
        3.3.7 Green manure production and P accumulation
        3.3.8 Soil available P
    3.4 DISCUSSION
        3.4.1 Wheat growth& green manure biomass
        3.4.2 Soil available P and P uptake
        3.4.3 Soil organic matter,residual nitrate storage
CHAPTER Ⅳ:DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RELEASE BY THE GREEN MANURES UNDER NYLON BAG EXPERIMENT
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.2.1 Experimental site
        4.2.2 Laboratory measurements
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 Biomass decomposition rate
        4.3.2 Accumulative carbon release rate
        4.3.3 Accumulative nitrogen release rate
        4.3.4 Accumulative phosphorus release rate
        4.3.5 C:N& C:P ratio
    4.4 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER Ⅴ: CHANGES IN PHOSPHORUS FRACTION AND ~(31)P NMR COMPONENTS UNDER LONG TERM GM-SYSTEM
    5.1 INTRODUCTION
    5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        5.2.1 Experimental site
        5.2.2 Experimental design and management practices
        5.2.3 Sampling and analysis
        5.2.4 Laboratory measurements
        5.2.5 Phosphorus measurement
        5.2.6 ~(31)P NMR specific chemical P components
        5.2.7 Data processing and statistical analysis
    5.3 RESULTS
        5.3.1 Soil P fractions
        5.3.2 Wheat yield,biomass and other growth components
        5.3.3 Grain P content and P uptake
        5.3.4 Quantification of P species from ~(31)P-NMR
    5.4 DISCUSSION
        5.4.1 Soil P fractions and ~(31)P NMR
        5.4.2 Wheat growth,P uptake
CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
    6.1 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
    6.2 Novelty
    6.3 Future perspective
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT AUTHOR


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期刊論文
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