【摘要】：脂肪定向沉積和改善肉品質(zhì)是肉雞生產(chǎn)中亟待解決的問題。研究表明,性腺軸激素對脂肪代謝和定向沉積具有顯著影響。本研究利用去勢公、母雞為試驗?zāi)Ｐ?分別與對照組對比,分析脂肪含量、肉品質(zhì)、激素水平的變化,以及腹脂和胸肌組織中相關(guān)基因的差異表達(dá),從組織和分子水平系統(tǒng)研究性腺激素的變化對脂肪代謝的影響,為提高肌內(nèi)脂肪含量的優(yōu)質(zhì)肉雞肉品質(zhì)選擇技術(shù)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。試驗一：去勢雞脂肪含量和肉品質(zhì)的變化以北京油雞為素材,在3周齡對公、母雞進(jìn)行去勢手術(shù),與對照組在相同條件下飼養(yǎng),共四組。分別在13周齡(每組10只)、17周齡(每組20只)和22周齡(每組10只)屠宰測定。結(jié)果表明：1)公、母雞去勢后血清中甘油三酯(TG)和肝臟總脂含量顯著增加(P0.05),腹脂率顯著提高(P0.05)。2)去勢改善了雞肉的色澤、嫩度和風(fēng)味,肉品質(zhì)得到提高,主要表現(xiàn)在IMF含量顯著增加(P0.05),肉色紅度降低黃度升高(P0.05),剪切力顯著降低(P0.05),肌纖維變細(xì)密(P0.05),肌苷酸(IMP)含量增加,脂肪酸含量與組成發(fā)生改變。試驗二：去勢雞性腺激素變化對脂肪沉積的影響對13、17和22周齡雞血清中睪酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)含量進(jìn)行測定,檢測17周齡雞腹脂與胸肌中T、E2和FSH含量及其受體表達(dá)變化,并對腹脂重與激素含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果表明：1)公雞去勢后隨周齡增加血清T含量極顯著下降(P0.01),腹脂和胸肌中T含量也顯著降低(P0.05),且公雞腹脂重與血清、腹脂中T含量存在極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.01)。2)母雞去勢后隨周齡增加血清E2含量顯著低于對照組(P0.05),FSH含量顯著高于對照組(P0.05),腹脂中E2含量與ESR1受體表達(dá)量顯著下降(P0.05),腹脂中FSH含量與FSHR受體表達(dá)量有升高的趨勢,母雞腹脂重與腹脂E2含量存在極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.01)。試驗三：去勢對雞脂類代謝的分子調(diào)控機(jī)理選取17周齡去勢組與對照組的公、母雞為研究對象,利用表達(dá)譜測序技術(shù)分析腹脂(n=3)和胸肌(n=3)中脂質(zhì)代謝基因表達(dá)變化及相關(guān)信號通路。綜合以上結(jié)果表明：1)腹脂和胸肌中差異表達(dá)基因均顯著富集在ECM受體互作途徑、焦點粘連和細(xì)胞黏附分子信號通路(P0.05),說明這些通路可能在調(diào)控雞脂類沉積過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。2)雞去勢后性腺激素發(fā)生改變,由類固醇生物合成及脂肪代謝相關(guān)信號通路介導(dǎo),導(dǎo)致腹脂中脂類合成基因(SCD、MSMO1、FABP7等)上調(diào),脂肪分解(MGLL)和類固醇合成(CYP2D6)基因下調(diào),促進(jìn)腹脂沉積(P0.05)。3)公雞去勢后T含量下降,由類固醇激素生物合成及膽酸生物合成、脂肪細(xì)胞因子信號通路介導(dǎo),可能通過上調(diào)胸肌中CD36,下調(diào)DIPOQ、AKR1D1和CYP2D6等脂類代謝基因表達(dá)促進(jìn)IMF沉積；母雞去勢后E2含量分泌減少,FSH含量升高,由不飽和脂肪酸生物合成和花生四烯酸代謝通路介導(dǎo),可能通過上調(diào)胸肌中PECR,下調(diào)HSD17B12和EPHX2等脂類代謝基因表達(dá)促進(jìn)IMF沉積(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Fat directional deposition and meat quality improvement are urgent problems in broiler production. The results showed that gonadal axis hormones had significant effects on fat metabolism and directional deposition. In this study, using ovariectomized male and hen as experimental model, we compared with the control group to analyze the changes of fat content, meat quality, hormone level, and the differentially expressed genes in abdominal fat and pectoralis muscle. The effects of gonadal hormone changes on fat metabolism were systematically studied at the tissue and molecular levels to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of quality chicken meat with higher intramuscular fat content. Experiment 1: the changes of fat content and meat quality of ovariectomized chickens were treated by ovariectomization of male and female chickens at the age of 3 weeks, and were raised under the same conditions as the control group. Slaughter was performed at the age of 13 weeks (10 rats per group), 17 weeks (20 rats per group) and 22 weeks (10 rats per group). The results showed that: 1) the serum triglyceride (TG) and liver total lipid content in male and female hens were significantly increased after castration (P0.05), and the abdominal fat rate was significantly increased (P0.05). 2) castration improved the color, tenderness and flavor of chicken. The meat quality was improved, mainly in the increase of IMF content (P0.05), the decrease of color redness of meat (P0.05), the decrease of shearing force (P0.05), and the fineness of muscle fiber (P0.05). Inosine (IMP) content increased, fatty acid content and composition changed. Experiment 2: the effect of the change of gonadal hormone on fat deposition in ovariectomized chickens. The levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E 2) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum of 1317 and 22 week old chickens were determined, and the T of abdominal fat and pectoralis muscle of 17 weeks old chickens were detected. The changes of E _ 2 and FSH contents and their receptor expression, and the correlation between abdominal fat weight and hormone content were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) after ovariectomized, serum T content decreased significantly (P0.01), abdominal fat and chest muscle T content also decreased significantly (P0.05), and the weight of abdominal fat and serum of rooster increased significantly (P0.01). There was a significant negative correlation (P0.01) in T content in abdominal fat (P0.01). 2) the serum E _ 2 content in hens increased with the age of week after castration (P0.05), FSH was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). E2 content and ESR1 receptor expression in abdominal fat decreased significantly (P0.05), FSH content and FSHR receptor expression in abdominal fat tended to increase, and there was a very significant negative correlation between abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat E2 content in hens (P0.01). Experiment 3: the molecular regulation mechanism of ovariectomy on lipid metabolism in chickens. The male and female chickens of 17 weeks old ovariectomized group and control group were selected as the research objects. The changes of lipid metabolism gene expression and related signal pathways in abdominal fat (nf3) and pectoralis muscle (nf3) were analyzed by expression profiling and sequencing. The results showed that: 1) the differentially expressed genes in abdominal fat and pectoralis were significantly enriched in ECM receptor interaction pathway, focal adhesion and cellular adhesion molecular signaling pathway (P0.05). These pathways may play an important role in the regulation of lipid deposition in chickens. 2) the changes of gonadal hormones after ovariectomy are mediated by steroid biosynthesis and signal pathways related to fat metabolism, leading to the lipid synthesis gene (SCD,) in abdominal fat. MSMO1,FABP7 et al.) up-regulated adipose (MGLL) and steroid synthesis (CYP2D6) gene down-regulated abdominal fat deposition (P0.05). 3) T content decreased after ovariectomized by steroid hormone biosynthesis and cholic acid biosynthesis. Adipocyte factor signaling pathway may promote the deposition of IMF by up-regulating the expression of lipid metabolism genes such as DIPOQ,AKR1D1 and CYP2D6 in pectoralis muscle by up-regulating CD36,. After castration, the secretion of E2 decreased and the content of FSH increased, mediated by unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, which may be mediated by upregulation of PECR, in the pectoralis muscle. Down-regulation of lipid metabolism genes such as HSD17B12 and EPHX2 promoted IMF deposition (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S831

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