不同抗旱性春小麥品種資源利用效率及其權(quán)衡
[Abstract]:The efficient utilization and tradeoff strategy of plant resources is one of the hot issues in plant ecology and agroecology. Light energy, water and nitrogen are essential resources for plant growth. The relationship between environmental supply level and plant acquisition capacity, utilization efficiency, plant canopy and root structure, and the response of biomass allocation to water and nitrogen levels need to be further studied. In this study, three spring wheat varieties with different drought resistance were used as materials, different water and nitrogen supply levels were set up, and the canopy, root system structure and function of spring wheat were studied through field experiments. The responses of biomass accumulation and allocation to water and nitrogen levels were analyzed. The utilization efficiency of nitrogen, water and light energy and their trade-offs were analyzed in spring wheat varieties. The main results were as follows: (1) there were significant differences in phenotype (canopy height, specific leaf area, leaf inclination, root length, root tip number, root mean diameter, root volume, root surface area, root projection area) among the three spring wheat varieties. Specific leaf area, leaf inclination, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline and nitrogen content in canopy were significantly different at vertical level. The drought-resistant varieties had large root system, high canopy, high content of leaf osmotic regulator, low transpiration rate and strong ability to absorb and maintain soil water and nitrogen. Ningchun 4, a non-drought-resistant variety, has compact plant type, obvious vertical distribution gradient of nitrogen in canopy, strong ability to capture and utilize light resources, high distribution ratio of photosynthetic electron to photochemical reaction direction and high net photosynthetic rate. The increase of irrigation water and appropriate amount of nitrogen application (when applying nitrogen 150kg hm-2, Ningchun 4 at N 225kg hm-2) could change the structure and function of root system by changing the canopy of wheat. (2) the reproductive allocation, grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency and yield components of Ningchun No. 4 were significantly higher than those of drought-resistant varieties (number of effective panicles, number of kernels per ear, 1000-grain weight). The biological yield and biomass of each organ of Xihan 2 were the largest, and the light energy utilization efficiency was the highest. The biomass water use efficiency of Heshantou was the highest. Drought resistant cultivar HeShangtou and Xihan 2 had low sensitivity to soil moisture and high sensitivity to nitrogen, but the non-drought-resistant cultivar Ningchun 4 was opposite. The effect of reducing irrigation on the biomass water use efficiency of drought resistant varieties was obvious, and the increase of nitrogen level to the biomass nitrogen use efficiency and grain nitrogen contribution rate of drought-resistant varieties was higher than that of non-drought resistant varieties. The biomass water use efficiency of the three wheat varieties decreased significantly after the increase of irrigation amount. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the amount of nitrogen in wheat plants increased, and the nitrogen use efficiency (nitrogen dry matter production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, agricultural efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer) was increased. (3) nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was negatively correlated with light energy use efficiency, biomass water use efficiency, and light energy use efficiency was positively correlated with biomass water use efficiency. Therefore, there is an obvious trade-off relationship between nitrogen use efficiency and light energy, water use efficiency of spring wheat. In this study, the resource utilization efficiency of wheat varieties with different drought resistance and their responses to water and nitrogen levels were discussed, which provided a scientific basis for better understanding of the trade-offs among plant light energy, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. It is clear that irrigation and nitrogen application level are beneficial to improve the resource utilization efficiency of different drought-resistant varieties and have important practical guiding significance for the efficient utilization of agricultural resources in oasis irrigation area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:S512.12
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