【摘要】：甘草不僅是一種重要的中草藥,而且在食品工業(yè)中也有廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著甘草需求量的增加,野生甘草資源已不能滿足市場需求,人工栽培甘草已成為解決甘草資源供需矛盾的有效途徑。直播法因其幼苗成活率低、生長周期長、根系深,在收獲時難以挖掘。研究表明,甘草種植可以采用育苗移栽方式,收獲時不需挖深,易于機械化收獲作業(yè),甘草能健康生長,品質(zhì)好,產(chǎn)量高。育苗移栽是人工栽培甘草理想的栽培模式,且甘草傾斜移栽在適應(yīng)性、產(chǎn)量方面優(yōu)于水平移栽。因此本文結(jié)合甘草根苗育苗移栽的農(nóng)藝要求設(shè)計了甘草傾斜移栽機,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1、對國內(nèi)外早地移栽機和移栽農(nóng)藝進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上,統(tǒng)計獲得移栽用甘草根苗的尺寸參數(shù),通過設(shè)計甘草根苗振動分離排序裝置建立振動分苗排序的臨界參數(shù)模型,經(jīng)試驗驗證甘草根苗振動分離的可行性,為整機分苗方式的選取提供依據(jù)。2、進(jìn)行了甘草根苗傾斜移栽關(guān)鍵工作部件——甘草根苗水平投苗傾斜移栽開溝器理論研究、設(shè)計與試驗。本文基于開溝器土壤回流特性利用解析法設(shè)計建立開溝器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、工作參數(shù)與傾斜V行斷面溝傾斜角度、溝底長度之間的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過正交試驗確定傾斜V型斷面溝傾斜角度的主要因素是開溝器土壤回流口角度,影響溝底長度的因素主次為開溝器作業(yè)深度、開溝器土壤回流口角度、開溝器翼板間距、土壤休止角、開溝器作業(yè)速度。所建數(shù)學(xué)模型理論和試驗結(jié)果誤差小于4%,該數(shù)學(xué)模型可用于實現(xiàn)特定要求的傾斜V型斷面溝的開溝器的參數(shù)獲取。通過投苗試驗驗證,開溝器作業(yè)速度為影響甘草根苗水平投苗移栽后甘草根苗傾斜角度的主要因素,通過建立甘草移栽后甘草根苗傾斜角度參數(shù)模型,獲得開溝器水平投苗優(yōu)化參數(shù)公式,通過EDEM離散元仿真軟件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化仿真試驗,確定開溝器水平投苗優(yōu)化參數(shù)公式可用來進(jìn)行開溝器優(yōu)化參數(shù)獲取。經(jīng)試驗驗證,為保證移栽后甘草根苗的傾斜角度,應(yīng)選擇甘草滯后投苗系數(shù)η≥1即甘草根苗投苗滯后投苗距離偏差E≥0。3、分析了甘草根苗傾斜移栽機提升裝置提升狀態(tài)模型確定提升裝置能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)無自鎖提升的初始狀態(tài)。設(shè)計了甘草根苗輔助分苗、輸苗、投苗裝置,并進(jìn)行各部件空間結(jié)構(gòu)配置。在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了甘草根苗傾斜移栽機,并進(jìn)行了大田試驗,4行甘草根苗傾斜移栽機作業(yè)質(zhì)量良好,甘草根苗傾斜移栽后根苗株距滿足甘草根苗移栽的農(nóng)藝要求,且甘草根苗移栽株距、芽端深度誤差均在5%以內(nèi),甘草根苗傾斜移栽機作業(yè)穩(wěn)定性好。
[Abstract]:Licorice is not only an important Chinese herbal medicine, but also widely used in food industry. With the increasing demand of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, wild liquorice resources can not meet the market demand. Artificial cultivation of licorice has become an effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Because of its low survival rate, long growth cycle and deep root system, direct seeding method is difficult to excavate at harvest time. The results show that Glycyrrhiza uralensis can grow healthily, have good quality and high yield with no need to dig deep at harvest, easy to mechanized harvesting. Seedling cultivation and transplanting is an ideal cultivation model for cultivated liquorice, and oblique transplanting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is superior to horizontal transplanting in adaptability and yield. In this paper, the tilting transplanting machine of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was designed according to the agronomic requirements of seedling cultivation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The main research contents are as follows: 1. On the basis of investigation and research on early transplanting machine and transplanting agronomy at home and abroad, The size parameters of transplanting Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedlings were obtained by statistics. The critical parameter model of vibratory seedling sorting was established by designing the vibration separation and sorting device of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedlings. The feasibility of vibration separation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedlings was verified by experiments. 2. Theoretical study, design and test of the tilting transplanting ditch opener of liquorice root seedling was carried out. 2. The key component of tilting transplanting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedling was studied theoretically. In this paper, based on the soil reflux characteristics of the trencher, the mathematical model of the structure parameters, the working parameters and the slope angle and the length of the trench bottom are established by using the analytical method. Through orthogonal test, the main factors of slope angle of inclined V-section trench are the angle of soil reflux mouth of trench opener, the main and secondary factors influencing the length of furrow bottom are the working depth of trench opener, the angle of soil reflux mouth of trench opener, and the spacing of flange plate of trench opener. Soil angle of repose, operating speed of trench opener. The error of theoretical and experimental results of the established mathematical model is less than 4. The mathematical model can be used to obtain the parameters of the trench opener with inclined V-shaped section trench with special requirements. It was proved by seedling feeding experiment that the working speed of trench opener was the main factor that affected the tilting angle of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedling after transplanting horizontal seedling of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and the model of tilting angle parameter of licorice root seedling after transplanting was established. The formula of optimal parameters for horizontal seeding of trench opener is obtained, and the optimization simulation test is carried out by EDEM discrete element simulation software. It is determined that the formula of optimal parameters of horizontal seedling casting of trench opener can be used to obtain optimal parameters of trench opener. In order to ensure the tilting angle of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root seedling after transplanting, we should choose 畏 鈮，

本文編號：2343279