西北太平洋地區(qū)海帶種群遺傳及分子系統(tǒng)地理學研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-18 13:22
【摘要】：海帶(Saccharina japonica)是西北太平洋沿岸特有的大型經(jīng)濟褐藻,具有生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟價值。為了解海帶起源、分布和演化過程,以及探究養(yǎng)殖馴化對我國栽培海帶種群的影響,本研究開展了海帶種群遺傳及分子系統(tǒng)地理學研究,旨在于為海帶遺傳選育、資源保護與利用打下基礎(chǔ)。本研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)應用2個線粒體標記(cox1和trnW-L)對26個種群(612個體)的野生海帶種群遺傳多樣性、遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)和種群動態(tài)歷史進行了分析。結(jié)果表明日本北海道地區(qū)的野生海帶種群具有最高的遺傳多樣性。野生海帶種群主要分成了4大類群(類群1:北海道地區(qū)種群和韓國的種群;類群2:北海道西北部的種群;類群3:俄羅斯遠東地區(qū)的種群;類群4:中國自然繁殖的海帶種群)。單倍型網(wǎng)絡圖分析結(jié)果表明野生海帶群體存在2個譜系,這2個譜系間不存在基因交流,但譜系內(nèi)海帶種群間存在不對稱的基因交流。BSP分析(Bayesian skyline plots)和中性檢驗表明野生海帶種群在10.45 Ka發(fā)生了種群擴張。(2)利用24個SSR標記和2個線粒體標記(cox1和trnW-L)對35個野生海帶種群進行了起源和演化過程的研究,證實日本北海道渡島附近的海帶種群其遺傳多樣性最高,其特有單倍型最多,特有等位基因頻率也最高,說明該地可能是野生海帶的起源地。野生海帶種群的遷移過程是從北海道南部沿海,沿著西海岸向北遷移,一直到薩哈林島西海岸,該分布過程主要是受對馬暖流的影響,而野生海帶在日本海西岸的分布則受里門寒流的影響。SSR標記分析結(jié)果表明,其可分成兩大遺傳組,一組包括俄羅斯遠東沿岸的海帶種群,另一組包括日本和韓國沿岸的野生海帶種群。俄羅斯薩哈林地區(qū)和日本北海道西北部的野生海帶種群在遺傳上有混雜現(xiàn)象,日本海西岸的野生海帶種群與其它野生海帶種群已有明顯的遺傳分化。(3)采用19個SSR標記對17個中國常見的海帶栽培種群、3個中國沿海自然繁殖海帶種群和和8個野生海帶種群進行種群遺傳學的對比分析。我國目前栽培海帶種群遺傳多樣性低于野生海帶種群,這表明養(yǎng)殖、選育及高溫馴化降低了其遺傳多樣性。海帶種群可分成2大類群:野生類群(俄羅斯和日本的野生種群)和馴化類群(中國養(yǎng)殖種群和自然繁殖種群,DF3例外)。分子方差分析表明這2大類群間有顯著的遺傳變異(30.49%)。我國南方、北方的栽培海帶種群間已有中度的遺傳分化,這與養(yǎng)殖、選育及環(huán)境(海水水溫)因素密切相關(guān)。日本北海道和本州沿岸的3個野生海帶種群與中國養(yǎng)殖海帶種群間存在較高的遺傳相似度,間接說明中國栽培種群曾經(jīng)可能從日本北海道和本州地區(qū)引入過野生種質(zhì)資源。
[Abstract]:Kelp (Saccharina japonica) is a large-scale economic brown algae unique to the northwest Pacific coast, which has ecological and economic value. In order to understand the origin, distribution and evolution of kelp, and to explore the effect of culture and domestication on the population of cultivated kelp in China, the genetic and molecular phylogenetic studies of kelp population were carried out in this study. The protection and utilization of resources lay the foundation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) genetic diversity, genetic structure and population dynamic history of 26 populations (612 individuals) of wild kelp were analyzed by two mitochondrial markers (cox1 and trnW-L). The results showed that the wild kelp population in Hokkaido, Japan had the highest genetic diversity. The wild kelp population is mainly divided into four groups (group 1: Hokkaido population and Korean population; Group 2: population in northwest Hokkaido; Group 3: population in the far East of Russia; Group 2: population in the Northwest of Hokkaido; Group 3: population in the far East of Russia; Group 4: naturally propagated kelp populations in China. The results of haplotype network analysis showed that there were two lineages in wild kelp populations, and there was no gene exchange between these two lineages. BSP (Bayesian skyline plots) and neutral test showed that wild kelp population had population expansion at 10.45 Ka. (2) 24 SSR markers and 2 mitochondria were used. The origin and evolution of 35 wild kelp populations were studied by cox1 and trnW-L markers. It is confirmed that the kelp population near Hokkaido Island has the highest genetic diversity, the most endemic haplotypes and the highest frequency of endemic alleles, which suggests that this area may be the origin of wild kelp. The migration process of wild kelp populations is from the southern coast of Hokkaido to the north along the west coast to the west coast of Sahalin Island. The distribution of wild kelp in the west coast of the Sea of Japan was influenced by the Limen cold current. The results of SSR analysis showed that the wild kelp could be divided into two major genetic groups, one group including the kelp population along the far East coast of Russia. Another group includes wild kelp populations off the coast of Japan and Korea. The wild kelp populations in the Sakhalin region of Russia and in the northwest of Hokkaido, Japan, are genetically mixed. There was obvious genetic differentiation between wild kelp population and other wild kelp populations in the west coast of the Sea of Japan. (3) using 19 SSR markers, 17 common kelp populations in China were studied. Population genetics of three populations of naturally propagated kelp and 8 populations of wild kelp in coastal China were compared and analyzed. The genetic diversity of cultivated kelp population in China is lower than that of wild kelp population, which indicates that breeding, breeding and high temperature acclimation have reduced the genetic diversity of kelp populations. Kelp population can be divided into two groups: wild group (wild population of Russia and Japan) and domesticated group (Chinese breeding population and natural breeding population except DF3). The analysis of molecular variance showed that there was significant genetic variation (30.49%) between the two groups. There is moderate genetic differentiation among cultivated kelp populations in the south and north of China, which is closely related to breeding, breeding and environment (sea water temperature). There is a high genetic similarity between the three wild kelp populations along the coast of Hokkaido and Honshu in Japan and the cultured kelp populations in China, which indirectly indicates that the cultivated populations in China may have introduced wild germplasm resources from Hokkaido and Honshu, Japan.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(海洋研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S917.3
[Abstract]:Kelp (Saccharina japonica) is a large-scale economic brown algae unique to the northwest Pacific coast, which has ecological and economic value. In order to understand the origin, distribution and evolution of kelp, and to explore the effect of culture and domestication on the population of cultivated kelp in China, the genetic and molecular phylogenetic studies of kelp population were carried out in this study. The protection and utilization of resources lay the foundation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) genetic diversity, genetic structure and population dynamic history of 26 populations (612 individuals) of wild kelp were analyzed by two mitochondrial markers (cox1 and trnW-L). The results showed that the wild kelp population in Hokkaido, Japan had the highest genetic diversity. The wild kelp population is mainly divided into four groups (group 1: Hokkaido population and Korean population; Group 2: population in northwest Hokkaido; Group 3: population in the far East of Russia; Group 2: population in the Northwest of Hokkaido; Group 3: population in the far East of Russia; Group 4: naturally propagated kelp populations in China. The results of haplotype network analysis showed that there were two lineages in wild kelp populations, and there was no gene exchange between these two lineages. BSP (Bayesian skyline plots) and neutral test showed that wild kelp population had population expansion at 10.45 Ka. (2) 24 SSR markers and 2 mitochondria were used. The origin and evolution of 35 wild kelp populations were studied by cox1 and trnW-L markers. It is confirmed that the kelp population near Hokkaido Island has the highest genetic diversity, the most endemic haplotypes and the highest frequency of endemic alleles, which suggests that this area may be the origin of wild kelp. The migration process of wild kelp populations is from the southern coast of Hokkaido to the north along the west coast to the west coast of Sahalin Island. The distribution of wild kelp in the west coast of the Sea of Japan was influenced by the Limen cold current. The results of SSR analysis showed that the wild kelp could be divided into two major genetic groups, one group including the kelp population along the far East coast of Russia. Another group includes wild kelp populations off the coast of Japan and Korea. The wild kelp populations in the Sakhalin region of Russia and in the northwest of Hokkaido, Japan, are genetically mixed. There was obvious genetic differentiation between wild kelp population and other wild kelp populations in the west coast of the Sea of Japan. (3) using 19 SSR markers, 17 common kelp populations in China were studied. Population genetics of three populations of naturally propagated kelp and 8 populations of wild kelp in coastal China were compared and analyzed. The genetic diversity of cultivated kelp population in China is lower than that of wild kelp population, which indicates that breeding, breeding and high temperature acclimation have reduced the genetic diversity of kelp populations. Kelp population can be divided into two groups: wild group (wild population of Russia and Japan) and domesticated group (Chinese breeding population and natural breeding population except DF3). The analysis of molecular variance showed that there was significant genetic variation (30.49%) between the two groups. There is moderate genetic differentiation among cultivated kelp populations in the south and north of China, which is closely related to breeding, breeding and environment (sea water temperature). There is a high genetic similarity between the three wild kelp populations along the coast of Hokkaido and Honshu in Japan and the cultured kelp populations in China, which indirectly indicates that the cultivated populations in China may have introduced wild germplasm resources from Hokkaido and Honshu, Japan.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(海洋研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S917.3
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