【摘要】：高山林線區(qū)是生態(tài)學(xué)家研究的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,但是目前關(guān)于高山林線區(qū)的研究多數(shù)都關(guān)注于地上植物群落的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,而對于地下微生物群落的研究仍然較少。太白紅杉(Larix chinensis)是秦嶺太白山地區(qū)高山森林系統(tǒng)的唯一林線建群樹種,同時(shí)也是能夠與外生菌根真菌形成典型共生結(jié)構(gòu)的針葉樹種之一,是研究高山林線樹種外生菌根群落的理想對象。本研究以秦嶺太白山林線樹種太白紅杉的不同分布帶(樹線分布帶、林線分布帶、太白紅杉純林帶、太白紅杉巴山冷杉混交林帶和太白紅杉林倒置帶)外生菌根真菌群落作為研究對象,采用生態(tài)學(xué)梯度樣帶調(diào)查法和典型樣地取樣法相結(jié)合的采樣方法,運(yùn)用菌根形態(tài)與現(xiàn)代分子生物學(xué)相結(jié)合的鑒定方法,分析并研究太白紅杉外生菌根真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的種類組成;采用生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法,分析太白紅杉外生菌根真菌群落在太白山不同分布帶空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征及變化規(guī)律;通過研究太白紅杉外生菌根群落與環(huán)境分子之間的相關(guān)性,闡釋影響太白山太白紅杉外生菌根真菌群落的主要環(huán)境因子,從外生菌根角度部分解釋了太白紅杉在太白山地區(qū)的生態(tài)適應(yīng)性機(jī)理,同時(shí)補(bǔ)充了國內(nèi)關(guān)于高山林線樹種外生菌根群落相關(guān)研究。本研究得到的主要結(jié)果如下:通過野外采樣調(diào)查、形態(tài)型分類及分子鑒定相結(jié)合的方法,共鑒定出60個(gè)太白紅杉外生菌根OTUs。擔(dān)子菌是太白紅杉外生菌根群落的主要組成類群,子囊菌次之。其中,太白山太白紅杉外生菌根優(yōu)勢屬主要有:Tomentella、Sebacina、Inocybe、Heyderia和Lactarius等。針對太白紅杉不同分布帶的外生菌根群落的多樣性指數(shù)分析,結(jié)果表明太白紅杉樹線帶與林線帶的外生菌根群落多樣性指數(shù)均略高于太白紅杉郁閉林分布帶,太白紅杉樹線帶相對于其他分布帶具有更多的指示種。采用群落聚類分析太白紅杉外生菌根群落空間分布的差異性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)外生菌根群落結(jié)構(gòu)在非郁閉分布帶與郁閉分布帶具有顯著差異性,在非郁閉的太白紅杉樹線帶和林線帶,Sebacina、Inocybe和Heyderia為外生菌根真菌群落中的優(yōu)勢屬,而Heyderia、Lactarius和Russula則為郁閉林帶的主要優(yōu)勢屬,且Sebacina、Heyderia、Tomentella和Bisporella外生菌根真菌在太白紅杉不同分布帶分布之間具有顯著的差異性。這些差異均表明外生菌根群落空間結(jié)構(gòu)的改變主要源于群落中優(yōu)勢屬真菌的相對豐度及頻度的改變,并且太白紅杉外生菌根群落空間結(jié)構(gòu)變化并不是呈現(xiàn)斷層式,而是具有一定的漸變特征,具體表現(xiàn)為兩個(gè)連續(xù)分布帶通常具有某些相同的優(yōu)勢屬。外生菌根豐富度與宿主所處海拔和土壤的有機(jī)碳含量具有顯著的相關(guān)性;外生菌根化率則與土壤pH和土壤全磷之間具有顯著的相關(guān)性。在OTUs的層次上,大多數(shù)的外生菌根真菌與環(huán)境之間的相關(guān)性并不明顯,其中僅有Clavulina sp.1和Heydeira sp.兩種外生菌根真菌與多種環(huán)境因素均表現(xiàn)出顯著相關(guān),Inocybe sp.1僅與土壤pH值之間表現(xiàn)出顯著相關(guān),Thelephora caryophyllea與土壤全氮含量具有顯著相關(guān)性。而在屬的層次上,只有兩種優(yōu)勢屬與環(huán)境因素之間顯示出顯著的相關(guān)性,Heyderia與Bisporella外生菌根真菌與海拔、土壤pH和土壤全氮之間具有顯著相關(guān)性。通過MANOVA對環(huán)境因素與太白紅杉外生菌根群落之間的相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:宿主位置、海拔、土壤pH值、土壤有機(jī)碳和土壤全氮均是顯著影響太白山太白紅杉外生菌根群落的主要環(huán)境因素。其中,宿主位置在單獨(dú)環(huán)境解釋變量中占的比重最大,土壤理化性質(zhì)次之。
[Abstract]:The high mountain line area is the key area of the study of ecologists, but most of the research on the high mountain line area is concerned with the dynamic change of the plant community on the ground, and the research on the underground microbial community is still less. Larix chinensis is the only forest line of the alpine forest system in the Taibai mountain area of the Qinling Mountains, and is also one of the species of conifer which can form a typical symbiosis structure with the external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and is an ideal object for studying the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the high mountain forest. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community with different distribution bands (tree line distribution belt, forest line distribution belt, Taibai redwood pure forest belt, Taibai red fir mixed forest belt and Taibai Redwood Forest inverted belt) were used as the research object in this study. By means of the method of the combination of the ecological gradient sample and the typical sampling method, the method of identification of the mycorrhizal and modern molecular biology was used to analyze and study the species composition of the community structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Taibai, and the biostatistical analysis method was used. in that study, the spatial structure and the rule of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in the Taibai mountain were analyzed, and the main environmental factors of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community of the Taibai mountain were explained by studying the correlation between the arbuscular mycorrhizal community and the environmental molecule of the Taibai mountain. The mechanism of the ecological adaptability of Taibai-Sequoia in the region of Taibai Mountain is explained from the angle of the external arbuscular mycorrhiza, and the related research on the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the high-mountain forest is supplemented. The main results of this study are as follows: A total of 60 Arbuscular mycorrhizal OUs are identified by means of field sampling investigation, morphological classification and molecular identification. Basidiomycetes are the main components of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in Taibai, and the second is the sub-sacchomycete. Among them, the dominant species of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Taibai Mountain are: Tomentella, Sebacina, Inocybe, Heyderia and Lactivarius. The diversity index of the external arbuscular mycorrhizal community of the different distribution bands of the Taibai red fir trees showed that the diversity index of the external arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the Taibai red fir tree line and the forest line belt was slightly higher than that of the Taibai red fir forest distribution belt, The Taibai red fir tree line has more indicator species with respect to the other distribution bands. The difference of the spatial distribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community was found in the community cluster analysis. The results showed that the structure of the extraterrestrial mycorrhizal community had a significant difference in the non-depressed distribution band and the closed distribution belt, and in the non-depressed Taibai red fir tree line and the forest line, Sebacina, Inocybe and Heyderia are the dominant species in the external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community, while the Heyderia, Lactis and Russula are the main advantages of the forest belt, and there is a significant difference between the distribution of the different distribution bands of the Mycorrhizal fungi in Sebacina, Heyderia, Tomentella and Bisporella. These differences indicate that the change of the spatial structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community is mainly due to the change of the relative abundance and frequency of the dominant species in the community, and the spatial structure change of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in the Taibai Redwood is not a fault type, but has a certain gradual change characteristic, It is shown that two continuous bands usually have some of the same advantages. There was a significant correlation between the richness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal and the organic carbon content of the soil at the host, and there was a significant correlation between the soil pH and the total phosphorus in the soil. At the level of the OTUs, the correlation between most of the extrinsic mycorrhizal fungi and the environment is not significant, with only Clavulina sp. 1 and Heydeira sp. There was a significant correlation between the two external arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and many environmental factors. At the same level, there is a significant correlation between the two dominant genera and environmental factors, and there is a significant correlation between Heyderia and Bisporella's arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and altitude, soil pH and soil total nitrogen. The results showed that the host location, altitude, soil pH value, soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen were the main environmental factors that significantly affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal community in Taibai Mountain. Among them, the host location is the largest in the individual environmental interpretation variables, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are the second.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S791.226

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