硒在農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程的富集及大豆硒蛋白生物功效研究
[Abstract]:In this paper, rice (paddy field, mainly with protein and starch) and soybean (mainly dry land, mainly with protein and oil) were planted in different selenium-containing soils of Fengcheng "China Ecological Selenium Valley" in Jiangxi Province. The selenium-enriched mechanism and migration law of different crops (rice, soybean) were studied by analyzing the natural selenium content in soil, selenium forms, and the effect of selenium content in soil on the nutrition of crops. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Soil properties, selenium distribution in rice and soybean tissues (roots, stems, leaves, seeds) and other weights during the growing process of rice and soybean in Fengcheng ecological selenium valley, Jiangxi Province were studied. By analyzing the forms of selenium in paddy and upland soils in different areas of Fengcheng, it was found that the content of water soluble Se in paddy and upland soils in Dongcun (area C) was 10 times higher than that in Jiaokeng (area A). The content of acid soluble Se in paddy and upland soils in Dongcun (area C) was much higher than that in Jiaokeng (area A). (3) Selenium content in roots, stems and leaves increased with the growth of rice from seedling stage to young panicle stage. For example, the selenium content in stems was 0.104 mg/kg (seedling stage) and 0.1 mg/kg (seedling stage) respectively. 74 mg / kg (turning green), 0.192 mg / kg (tillering) and 0.199 mg / kg (young panicle development). However, selenium content in roots, stems and leaves decreased with the growth of rice from flowering and fruiting stage to fruit ripening stage, and selenium content in stems was 0.174 mg / kg (flowering and fruiting stage) and 0.156 mg / kg (fruit ripening stage) respectively. Selenium transfer trend in natural Se-enriched soils is similar to that in rice. Selenium transfer trend in natural Se-enriched soils is from soil with high Se content to non-edible tissues (roots, stems, leaves) of plants (rice and soybeans), and then gradually to plant fruits (rice, soybeans). On the Se concentration gradient, the Se content in soil is the Se content in roots, stems, leaves and fruits. For example, the contents of Cd and Pb in rice leaves at tillering stage in A region were 2.158 mg/kg and 6.897 mg/kg, respectively. As the rice grew to the young panicle stage, the contents of Cd and Pb in leaves increased to 3.787 mg/kg and 7.158 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of Cd and Pb in leaves in high-selenium area (C area) were lower than those in low-selenium area (A area). For example, the contents of Cd in A area and C area were 1.574 mg/kg and 1.412 mg/kg respectively during rice green-back period. Meanwhile, the accumulation rate of Cd and Pb in high-selenium area was slower than that in low-selenium area (A area). The results showed that proper selenium concentration played an antagonistic role on Cd and Pb during rice growth. (2) Selenium content increased more in milled rice and rice bran than in rice husk in natural selenium-rich soils with different selenium content (low, medium and high selenium area). Selenium was more accumulated in milled rice and rice bran. The 1000-grain weight of natural Se-enriched rice and soybean had some changes in different regions, but there was no significant difference among the experimental groups. The nutritional quality of rice and soybean had changed. The crude protein content (7.23%) in C region was significantly higher than that in A region. The content of protein in C region (35.08%) was significantly higher than that in A region. However, the content of fatty acids decreased with the increase of selenium content, from 18.90% in A region to 16.52% and 12.64% respectively. The results showed that the different selenium content had no effect on the type and molecular weight of protein, but had some effect on the fourth-order structure of soybean protein. There was a C=Se absorption peak at 601cm-1 and 636cm-1 in white matter, a C-Se absorption peak at 551cm-1, a Se=O absorption peak at 830cm-1 and a Se-H absorption peak at 2258cm-1. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the bands did not increase or decrease, and the protein molecular weight ranged from 100 kDa to 600.0 kDa. However, the amino acid composition was affected to a certain extent. The higher the selenium content in soil, the lower the contents of cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) and the lower the content of cysteine (Cys) in the rice protein in the low selenium (A) region. The content of methionine (Met) in low selenium area (A area) and high selenium area (C area) was 0.523% and 0.112% respectively. The effect of different selenium content on the fatty acid composition of soybean oil showed that the fatty acid composition of soybean oil with different selenium content varied with the selenium content. The proportion of hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and docosanoic acid in fatty acids of soybean oil changed, but there was no significant difference between them. The ratio of linolenic acid was opposite. (3) The extractant 0.1 mol/LNa OH had the best effect on extracting selenium-rich soybean protein. The protein yield and selenium content were the highest. The protein yield was 55.75% and the selenium content was 49.55 mg/kg. This indicated that the alkaline method was efficient in extracting selenium-rich soybean protein. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: P H10.5, extraction temperature 55, extraction time 60 min, ratio of liquid to material 14 The yield of oligopeptides was 78.18% and the content of selenium was 125.70 mg/kg. The effects of natural selenium-rich soybean protein with different selenium contents on OH, O2 -, DPPH were studied. The results showed that the yield of oligopeptides was 78.18% and the content of selenium was 125.70 mg/kg when the enzyme hydrolysate was ultrafiltered by staged ultrafiltration. When the concentration was 0.6 mg/ml, the scavenging rate of soybean protein with high selenium content (region C), ascorbic acid (region C), BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) and low selenium content (region A) was 48.7%, 85.5%, 26.5% and 8.62%, respectively. When the concentration of sample was 1.0 mg/ml, the scavenging rate of natural selenium-rich soybean protein in high-selenium area (C area) and low-selenium area (A area) was 22.52% and 5.24%, respectively. The scavenging rate of high-selenium area (C area) was 3 times that of low-selenium area (A area), which was caused by the different selenium content in them. Within the concentration range of 0.2-1.0 mg/ml, the DPPH scavenging rate of natural selenium-rich soybean protein in high-selenium region (C region) increased from 24.46% (0.2 mg/ml) to 49.48% (1.0 mg/ml). (4) With the increase of extrusion temperature, the water loss in extruded rice flour increased, the precipitation rate of extruded rice flour decreased, the solubility and precipitation water absorption of extruded rice flour increased. The content of water soluble sugar was the lowest when extrusion temperature was 140-150 C. When extrusion temperature was 160 C, the content of water soluble sugar increased from 36.4% to 38.1%. The protein composition of the extruded rice flour did not change significantly at different temperatures. The water absorption, water holding capacity and foaming capacity of the protein in the extruded rice flour were higher than those of the non-extruded rice protein, and showed an increasing trend with the increase of extruding temperature. The oil absorption of rice protein (E) was lower than that of non-extruded rice protein (E), and the oil absorption of rice protein decreased with the increase of temperature. Comparing with the original rice, the inner cavity of the extruded rice flour is obviously enlarged, and the whole structure is loose, showing a porous spongy structure, but the distribution is uniform. However, when the temperature exceeds 170 degrees C, the surface cracks appear, and the cracks become more obvious with the temperature rising further. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that the high-grade microcrystalline region in the non-expanded Se-enriched rice X-ray diffraction line was obviously more than that in the expanded rice, and the change was significant, but the X-ray diffraction curves of the expanded rice flour were not obvious in different temperature ranges. (5) The toxicological evaluation of the enzymatic hydrolysate of natural Se-enriched soybean showed that the Se-enriched soybean peptide LD50 was more than 20g/kg.bw, Ames. No mutagenicity was found in the experiment and the micronucleus test of bone marrow cells. The results of 30-day feeding test showed that the animals did not show antifeeding. The animals grew normally, were dense and glossy, indicating that the natural selenium-rich soybean protein peptide had good food safety. It significantly inhibited tumor growth (the maximum inhibition rate was 80.2%), prolonged the life span of infected mice for 3-5 days, and had a positive effect on adjuvant treatment of tumor. As for the tumor-bearing mice, with the increase of Se-enriched soybean protein peptide supplementation dosage, the serum GPX enzyme activity increased by 1.5 times, while the serum LPO content decreased. In the immune function of mice, supplementation of Se-enriched soybean protein peptide could promote the development of immune organs, especially thymus, and enhance the immune regulation. The effect of Se-enriched soybean protein peptide on the morphology of S180 tumor cells showed that with the increase of Se-enriched soybean protein peptide concentration, the cells gradually contracted, membrane shrank, cytoplasmic granules increased, a large number of cells fragmented, and ultimately led to apoptosis, indicating that Se-enriched soybean protein peptide has obvious anti-tumor effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:S511;S565.1
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