水稻葉片非光化學(xué)猝滅對環(huán)境因子的光合響應(yīng)
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-17 16:08
【摘要】：非光化學(xué)猝滅(NPQ)是指植株葉片光合系統(tǒng)II內(nèi)以熱能的形式耗散吸收的光能,可減少活性氧的產(chǎn)生,有效避免光抑制的發(fā)生,是一種重要的光保護(hù)機(jī)制。本文以葉色具有顯著差異的近等基因系水稻浙輻802、始綠-8和Fgl為材料,研究水稻葉片NPQ對光照強(qiáng)度、氮濃度及干旱脅迫的光合響應(yīng),及NPQ的產(chǎn)生及調(diào)控機(jī)制,并通過轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序了解光合作用的復(fù)雜遺傳調(diào)控途徑,為進(jìn)一步提高水稻光合效率和氮利用效率提供理論參考。主要結(jié)果如下:1、盡管淺葉色品種始綠-8葉綠素含量約為浙輻802的1/3,但始綠-8的光合速率顯著高于浙輻802;在光照強(qiáng)度為600和1200μmol m-2 s-1下,相對于浙輻802,始綠-8均表現(xiàn)出較高的NPQ、能量猝滅和較低的光抑制猝滅(q I)。始綠-8葉片丙二醛、H_2O_2含量及O2-產(chǎn)生速率均顯著低于浙輻802,并且1200μmol m-2 s-1下的過氧化物含量增加幅度小于浙輻802,光破壞現(xiàn)象輕于浙輻802。供試兩品種間CO_2同化能力差異和氣孔限制對光合作用的影響均較小。由此可推斷無論是淺葉色的始綠-8還是深葉色的浙輻802,當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度大于600μmol m-2 s-1,葉片通過增加NPQ的產(chǎn)生,減少光破壞發(fā)生,促進(jìn)光合速率的提高,增強(qiáng)葉片的光照適應(yīng)性。2、隨著氮濃度的增加,葉綠素含量顯著增加。浙輻802葉片葉綠素含量顯著高于Fgl,特別是高氮處理。但高氮處理沒有顯著增加兩品種葉片CO_2的同化能力。浙輻802高氮處理的NPQ與中氮處理差異相對較小。浙輻802高氮處理葉片H_2O_2、丙二醛含量、qI顯著高于中氮處理,浙輻802的H_2O_2含量、qI顯著高于Fgl,由此可得出,高氮處理下的浙輻802葉片不能消耗由較多葉綠素所吸收的過剩光能,存在相對嚴(yán)重的光氧化脅迫。相對于中氮處理,低氮處理兩品種葉片NPQ誘導(dǎo)顯著增強(qiáng);較高的玉米黃素含量有利于NPQ的誘導(dǎo),這可能是水稻光合作用對缺氮響應(yīng)的重要途徑。3、噴施ABA明顯緩解干旱對水稻葉片光合作用的抑制作用,并顯著增加浙輻802和Fgl葉片NPQ,NPQ的顯著增加可能是外源ABA提高水稻抗旱性的原因。Fgl葉片卷曲程度和凈光合速率下降幅度均顯著低于浙輻802,表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抗旱特性,葉片茉莉酸甲酯和生長素含量的差異以及葉綠素含量差異與Fgl的抗旱性密切相關(guān)。4、始綠-8較少且較薄的基粒片層不利于捕光色素復(fù)合體的附著,與其葉色較淺密切相關(guān)。在600μmol m-2 s-1下,玉米黃素含量和RVDE1、PsbS1的表達(dá)與NPQ的誘導(dǎo)有關(guān);在1200μmol m-2 s-1下,NPQ的誘導(dǎo)主要受玉米黃素含量和RVDE1的表達(dá)量有關(guān)。葉片中吲哚乙酸、赤霉素和脫落酸(ABA)含量變化可能與水稻光照適應(yīng)以及不同光照環(huán)境的NPQ的誘導(dǎo)有關(guān)。5、光合作用受復(fù)雜的基因差異表達(dá)調(diào)控,除直接參與光合作用的差異基因外,參與氧脅迫響應(yīng)、能量代謝和硝酸根代謝的差異基因協(xié)同調(diào)控光合效率。信號傳導(dǎo)的差異基因協(xié)調(diào)多個代謝途徑對光合作用進(jìn)行調(diào)控。富集到葉綠體(GO:0009507)的差異表達(dá)基因是葉綠體顯微結(jié)構(gòu)差異的遺傳基礎(chǔ)。綜上,當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度大于600μmol m-2 s-1時,較高的NPQ誘導(dǎo)與較少的葉綠素含量有利于減少光合系統(tǒng)內(nèi)過剩的光能,降低過氧化物的生成,緩解高光照下的光破壞,增強(qiáng)葉片的光照適應(yīng)性。不僅高光照才能引起光能捕獲過剩,其他環(huán)境因子也會影響光能的吸收與利用。高氮環(huán)境下葉片不能消耗由較多葉綠素所吸收的過剩光能,存在相對嚴(yán)重的光氧化脅迫。低氮環(huán)境下葉片NPQ的增強(qiáng)有利于減少低光合系統(tǒng)內(nèi)過剩光能,可能是光合作用對缺氮的適應(yīng)性響應(yīng)。干旱脅迫下NPQ的顯著增加可能是外源ABA提高水稻抗旱性的原因。
[Abstract]:Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important mechanism of photoprotection, which means the energy dissipated and absorbed by photosynthetic system II in the form of heat energy. It can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and effectively avoid the occurrence of photoinhibition. The main results are as follows: 1. Chlorophyll content in light-leaved cultivar Shilu-8 was detected, although light-leaved cultivar Shilu-8 contained chlorophyll. The photosynthetic rate of Eogene-8 was significantly higher than that of Zhefu 802. Compared with Zhefu 802, Eogene-8 exhibited higher NPQ, energy quenching and lower photoinhibition quenching (q I) at 600 and 1200 micromol m-2 S-1 irradiation intensities. Malondialdehyde, H_2O_2 content and O2-production rate of Eogene-8 leaves were significantly lower than that of Zhefu 802. The increase of peroxide content in 1 200 micromol m-2 S-1 was less than that in Zhefu 802, and the light damage was less than that in Zhefu 802. The difference of CO_2 assimilation ability and stomatal limitation between the two cultivars had little effect on photosynthesis. - 1. The photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic adaptability of the leaves were enhanced by increasing NPQ production. 2. The chlorophyll content of the leaves of Zhefu 802 increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen concentration. The chlorophyll content of the leaves of Zhefu 802 was significantly higher than that of Fgl, especially in high nitrogen treatment. The content of H_2O_2, malondialdehyde and qI in leaves of Zhefu 802 under high nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those under middle nitrogen treatment. The content of H_2O_2 and qI in leaves of Zhefu 802 under high nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those under Fgl treatment. It was concluded that the leaves of Zhefu 802 under high nitrogen treatment could not consume excess light energy absorbed by more chlorophyll. Relatively severe photooxidative stress. Compared with medium nitrogen treatment, the NPQ induction in leaves of low nitrogen treatment increased significantly; higher zeaxanthin content was beneficial to the induction of NPQ, which may be an important way for rice photosynthesis to respond to nitrogen deficiency. 3. ABA spraying significantly alleviated the inhibition of drought on Photosynthesis of rice leaves, and increased significantly. The remarkable increase of NPQ and NPQ in leaves of Zhefu 802 and Fgl may be the reason why exogenous ABA could improve the drought resistance of rice. The leaf curl degree and net photosynthetic rate of Fgl were significantly lower than those of Zhefu 802, showing strong drought resistance. The differences of methyl jasmonate and auxin contents in leaves and chlorophyll contents were closely related to the drought resistance of Fgl. Correlation. 4. Less and thinner grana lamellae of Eoglobin-8 were not conducive to the attachment of light-harvesting pigment complexes, which was closely related to the light color of leaves. Zeaxanthin content and RVDE1, PsbS1 expression were related to the induction of NPQ at 600 micromol m-2 s-1, and the induction of NPQ was mainly related to zeaxanthin content and RVDE1 expression at 1200 micromol m-2 s-1. Indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in the tablets may be related to light adaptation and NPQ induction in different light environments. 5. Photosynthesis is regulated by complex gene differential expression, which is not only directly involved in photosynthesis, but also in oxygen stress response, energy metabolism and nitrate metabolism. Differentially expressed genes enriched in chloroplasts (GO:0009507) are the genetic basis for the differences in chloroplast microstructure. In conclusion, higher NPQ induction and lower chlorophyll content are beneficial when light intensity is greater than 600 micromol m-2 s-1. In order to reduce the excess light energy in photosynthetic system, reduce the generation of peroxides, alleviate the light damage under high light, and enhance the light adaptability of leaves, not only high light can cause excess light capture, but also other environmental factors can affect the absorption and utilization of light energy. The increase of NPQ in leaves under low nitrogen environment was beneficial to reduce the excess light energy in the low photosynthetic system, which may be the adaptive response of photosynthesis to nitrogen deficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
本文編號：2188179
[Abstract]:Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important mechanism of photoprotection, which means the energy dissipated and absorbed by photosynthetic system II in the form of heat energy. It can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and effectively avoid the occurrence of photoinhibition. The main results are as follows: 1. Chlorophyll content in light-leaved cultivar Shilu-8 was detected, although light-leaved cultivar Shilu-8 contained chlorophyll. The photosynthetic rate of Eogene-8 was significantly higher than that of Zhefu 802. Compared with Zhefu 802, Eogene-8 exhibited higher NPQ, energy quenching and lower photoinhibition quenching (q I) at 600 and 1200 micromol m-2 S-1 irradiation intensities. Malondialdehyde, H_2O_2 content and O2-production rate of Eogene-8 leaves were significantly lower than that of Zhefu 802. The increase of peroxide content in 1 200 micromol m-2 S-1 was less than that in Zhefu 802, and the light damage was less than that in Zhefu 802. The difference of CO_2 assimilation ability and stomatal limitation between the two cultivars had little effect on photosynthesis. - 1. The photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic adaptability of the leaves were enhanced by increasing NPQ production. 2. The chlorophyll content of the leaves of Zhefu 802 increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen concentration. The chlorophyll content of the leaves of Zhefu 802 was significantly higher than that of Fgl, especially in high nitrogen treatment. The content of H_2O_2, malondialdehyde and qI in leaves of Zhefu 802 under high nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those under middle nitrogen treatment. The content of H_2O_2 and qI in leaves of Zhefu 802 under high nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those under Fgl treatment. It was concluded that the leaves of Zhefu 802 under high nitrogen treatment could not consume excess light energy absorbed by more chlorophyll. Relatively severe photooxidative stress. Compared with medium nitrogen treatment, the NPQ induction in leaves of low nitrogen treatment increased significantly; higher zeaxanthin content was beneficial to the induction of NPQ, which may be an important way for rice photosynthesis to respond to nitrogen deficiency. 3. ABA spraying significantly alleviated the inhibition of drought on Photosynthesis of rice leaves, and increased significantly. The remarkable increase of NPQ and NPQ in leaves of Zhefu 802 and Fgl may be the reason why exogenous ABA could improve the drought resistance of rice. The leaf curl degree and net photosynthetic rate of Fgl were significantly lower than those of Zhefu 802, showing strong drought resistance. The differences of methyl jasmonate and auxin contents in leaves and chlorophyll contents were closely related to the drought resistance of Fgl. Correlation. 4. Less and thinner grana lamellae of Eoglobin-8 were not conducive to the attachment of light-harvesting pigment complexes, which was closely related to the light color of leaves. Zeaxanthin content and RVDE1, PsbS1 expression were related to the induction of NPQ at 600 micromol m-2 s-1, and the induction of NPQ was mainly related to zeaxanthin content and RVDE1 expression at 1200 micromol m-2 s-1. Indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in the tablets may be related to light adaptation and NPQ induction in different light environments. 5. Photosynthesis is regulated by complex gene differential expression, which is not only directly involved in photosynthesis, but also in oxygen stress response, energy metabolism and nitrate metabolism. Differentially expressed genes enriched in chloroplasts (GO:0009507) are the genetic basis for the differences in chloroplast microstructure. In conclusion, higher NPQ induction and lower chlorophyll content are beneficial when light intensity is greater than 600 micromol m-2 s-1. In order to reduce the excess light energy in photosynthetic system, reduce the generation of peroxides, alleviate the light damage under high light, and enhance the light adaptability of leaves, not only high light can cause excess light capture, but also other environmental factors can affect the absorption and utilization of light energy. The increase of NPQ in leaves under low nitrogen environment was beneficial to reduce the excess light energy in the low photosynthetic system, which may be the adaptive response of photosynthesis to nitrogen deficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
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