黃河流域棉區(qū)適于機(jī)械采收的棉花播期和密度研究
[Abstract]:With the decrease of suitable-age labor force and the increase of labor cost, the urgency of cotton harvesting changing from manual harvesting to mechanical harvesting in the Yellow River Valley is increasing day by day. The experiment was conducted in Hejian City, Hebei Province from 2012 to 2014 to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer, sowing date and planting density on cotton plant type, yield, quality, early maturity and centralized maturity, with a view to determining the suitable sowing date and planting density for mechanized cotton harvesting in the Yellow River Basin and accelerating the realization of the whole process of mechanized cotton production in the region. The height of cotton plant, stem diameter and length of fruit branch were not significantly affected, the number of fruit branches decreased, the first node of fruit branch moved up, the height of the first node increased; the yield of cotton was not significantly affected, but the proportion of bolls in the middle and lower part of fruit branch increased; boll rotting decreased, fiber length and breaking strength increased, fiber quality improved. The cotton plant height was 74.3-111.8 cm, the initial node height was 26.9-31.5 cm, and the fruit branch length was 12.2-27.0 cm. The cotton plant type basically met the requirements of machine harvesting (the plant height of machine-harvested cotton was 80-120 cm, the initial node height was not less than 20 cm, and the fruit branch was not longer than 25 cm). (about 20 days later than the conventional sowing date) and less rotten bolls; fiber length and breaking strength reached or approached 30, in line with the requirements of mechanical picking (mechanical picking cotton yield requirements are not lower than conventional hand-picked cotton and fiber quality is good, fiber length and breaking strength is not less than 30 mm and 30 cN / tex); the end of September, the difference between the wadding rate and P1 is small, cotton early maturity is relatively high. The cotton plant height, initial node height and fruit branch length were 77.1-109.0 cm, 33.0-33.8 cm and 11.3-26.8 cm respectively. The plant type met the requirement of mechanical harvesting. The seed cotton yield decreased by 9.6%-13.8% compared with P2 and was similar to P1 in rainy year. But in rainy year, the flocculation rate decreased significantly at the end of September, and the maturity of cotton was delayed. The yield decreased by 9.2% compared with P1, and the fiber length and breaking strength of cotton were higher than 30. The fiber quality was the best among the three sowing dates. In rainy years, boll fiber length and fiber strength on upper and middle fruit branches increased, and fiber quality improved. When the density increased from D1 (67500 plants / HM 2) to D2 (90 000 plants / HM 2), plant height, initial node height and fruit branch length were 75. 9-110.6 cm, 28.8-30.0 cm and 17.3-21.4 cm, respectively, significantly reduced by 2.7-3.2 cm, increased by 1.2-2.5 cm, shortened by 0.5-5.0 cm, plant type to meet the requirements of machine harvesting; D2 cotton yield decreased by 2.4-2.6% compared with D1; fiber quality was not lower than D1, and boll fiber length was greater than 30 mm, breaking strength reached or approached 30 cN/tex, fiber quality was better, and fiber quality was better. When the density increased from D1 to D3 (120000 plants per hour Mo2), the cotton plant height decreased significantly by 6.9-7.1 cm, the length of fruit branch decreased significantly by 1.7-8.3 cm, the height of initial node increased significantly by 3.0-3.8 cm, and the cotton plant type was shorter and compact, which was beneficial to mechanical harvesting. In rainy years, boll setting and yield distribution were concentrated to upper and middle fruit branches. The boll opening rate was significantly reduced, maturity was delayed, and yield was about 11% less than that of D1. Fiber micronaire value was significantly reduced, fiber length and strength reached double 30. The density of machine-harvested cotton is about 90 000 plants/hm~2 (D2). Therefore, considering the requirement of plant type, yield, early maturity and fiber quality of machine-harvested cotton, it is suggested that the suitable sowing date for machine-harvested cotton in the Yellow River Basin is at the end of April or the beginning of May (P2), and the suitable density is 90 000 plants/hm~2 (D2). Hm~2 (D2).
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:S562
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