發(fā)布時間：2018-08-05 10:09

【摘要】：胖大海(Sterculia lychnophora Hance)屬梧桐科(Sterculiaceae)蘋婆屬(Sterculia Linn),為東盟和東亞國家的亞熱帶森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的落葉高大喬木。在越南,胖大海主要分布在西原地區(qū)及從北中部到東南部的天然次生林中,是一種瀕危植物。胖大海在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中有十分重要的作用,是森林生態(tài)演替的重要組成部分。同時,對于發(fā)展中國家來說,胖大海在減貧賑災中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。通過對全國胖大海種群的自然分布進行復查,在不同區(qū)域進行測定胖大海種群的物候學和比較分析,進而以最具代表性的東南部天然常綠闊葉林和半落葉林為研究對象,描述胖大海林分特點,測定種群的特征,探討主要生態(tài)環(huán)境因素對胖大海幼樹幼苗的影響,同時以天然森林條件下胖大海的生物生態(tài)學特性的研究結果為基礎,進一步在苗圃條件進行檢驗,掌握主要因素對胖大海苗期生長特點的影響,測定生態(tài)因素最適度、耐受范圍限制,找到較好的苗圃育苗技術等。主要研究結果如下：(1)在越南胖大海種群自然分布主要有5個區(qū)域：北中部、南中部、東南部、西原區(qū)和西南部。主要分布在各個國家森林公園、自然保護區(qū)的亞熱帶天然常綠闊葉林、亞熱帶天然次生常綠闊葉林、天然次生濕潤半落葉闊葉林等,只有少部分在各林場；2014年,全國胖大海林分的面積有2.6萬hm2左右,不均勻地分布在5個區(qū)域,東南部區(qū)域胖大海林分面積為15190.1 hm2,占58.8%,在東南部區(qū)域胖大海林分主要分布在同奈天然文化自然保護區(qū)和吉仙國家森林公園；3個不同優(yōu)勢度等級林分的面積有差異,胖大海高優(yōu)勢度林分的面積是5959.7 hm2(占23.1%)；中優(yōu)勢度林分的面積是10908.8 hm2(占42.26%)和低優(yōu)勢度林分的面積為8943.2 hm2(占34.5%)；越南胖大海林分的質量不高,幾年來,胖大海種群因人為干擾而面臨危機,如普遍砍伐母樹采取果實、采取未成熟的果實等,特別是西原區(qū)和南中部區(qū)域尤為嚴重。(2)不同區(qū)域胖大海的物候期有差異,在南中部區(qū)域中大部分物候期均開始很早,北中部和南中部中胖大海開花、結果、果實成熟和落地期時間比其余區(qū)域早30～40 d。胖大海萌動期時間較短,每年平均7月5日到19日開始；展葉期,每年平均7月10到8月20日開始,持續(xù)到次年6月10日左右;葉變色期,每年平均5月10～25日開始,持續(xù)27.6d；落葉期,每年6月10～25日開始,持續(xù)17.2 d；開花期很短,平均時間是9.2 d,每年4月8日到29日開始；結果期,每年平均從4月10～30日開始,持續(xù)45.5 d左右；每年6月5日到15日胖大海果實開始落地,落果期時間持續(xù)13.6 d左右。(3)對于不同優(yōu)勢度林分的物種多樣性特點的研究,結果顯示,研究區(qū)域不同胖大海優(yōu)勢度次生林的物種組成較豐富,9塊標準地喬木層內共有39科83屬130種,特有和珍稀瀕危物種共有16種,現(xiàn)存5種植物是同奈區(qū)域的特有物種,常見的群叢類型主要有4個,胖大海是越南珍稀瀕危植物之一;在各優(yōu)勢度林分中胖大海占絕對優(yōu)勢,為群落優(yōu)勢種,也是建群種,’重要值變動范圍為15.41%-36.81%,不同優(yōu)勢度林分的多樣性指數(shù)表現(xiàn)為D2大于D1和D3。不同胖大海優(yōu)勢度林下更新層喬木樹種共有31科62屬77種植物,重要值最高的大部分為胖大海,物種多樣性指數(shù)的平均值均表現(xiàn)為林分D3D2D1。(4)對于不同胖大海優(yōu)勢度等級林分林木直徑分布規(guī)律的研究,結果顯示,3個胖大海優(yōu)勢度等級林分林木直徑分布存在明顯差異,主要為單峰分布和近似遞減分布,在D3林分中,直徑分布基本接近單峰分布曲線,在D2和D1林分中,直徑分布成典型的近似反“J”分布；林分密度由大到小依次為D2、D3、D1林分,直徑分布范圍D3大于D1和D2林分；(5)不同優(yōu)勢度等級林分中胖大海直徑分布特征。胖大海直徑D3D2D1, D3中胖大海生長最佳、為優(yōu)勢種；林分內胖大海的直徑分布曲線表現(xiàn)為遞減狀態(tài)并且遞減速度較慢,胖大海林木直徑分布呈現(xiàn)反“J”型。(6)在不同優(yōu)勢度下胖大海幼樹幼苗的空間分布型呈聚集分布型；統(tǒng)計隨機偏離度的F檢驗方法檢驗表明,1waoX=X'回歸方程,結果符合a0,β≈1,TaylorS2=X回歸函數(shù),結果均符合a1,b≈1的聚集分布型,種群內部開始出現(xiàn)競爭,但這種競爭不太激烈,還沒有達到使種群自疏至均勻分布或隨機分布的程度,即表明種群中的物種是穩(wěn)定共存的。(7)不同優(yōu)勢度林分對胖大海幼樹幼苗更新在不同樹高階段有極顯著性影響,胖大海第1階段在D1的Ey大于D2和D3；第2階段,在D1的Ey小于D3、與D2沒顯著差別；第3階段,在D1的Ey小于D2和D3；胖大海第1階段,在Ca1的Ey小于Ca2和Ca4,大于Ca3；第2和第3階段,在Ca1的Ey均大于Ca2和Ca3,小于Ca4。胖大海的Ey與其生物學和生態(tài)學特性有關,不同生長階段的胖大海對光照強度的要求不同,胖大海更新階段基本適應高郁閉度林分,對光照強度要求較低。(8)不同優(yōu)勢度等級林分的林隙特點對胖大海幼樹幼苗更新的特征呈顯著的影響,在D1林分胖大海種群的生存量均比D2和D3少,在D1和D2林分的胖大海幼樹幼苗從SL1到SL2c的死亡率比D3林分高、速度增加快,胖大海年齡達到SL3時逐漸穩(wěn)定、死亡率低,以后能夠繼續(xù)生長發(fā)育進入喬木層；胖大海幼樹幼苗空間分布格局基本屬于聚集分布型,在D1和D2林分整個種群的空間分布符合聚集分布型,但在D3林分胖大海幼樹幼苗種群分布型開始出現(xiàn)均勻型的趨勢；不同優(yōu)勢度等級林分的林隙內胖大海幼樹幼苗的更新情況不相同,隨著林隙面積的增大,胖大海更新密度也產生相應的變化,當林隙面積在401～500 m2范圍時,大部分幼樹幼苗更新情況最佳,幼樹幼苗密度達到峰值,隨后開始減小,雖然,胖大海幼樹幼苗是耐蔭樹種需要光照強度較低,但林隙面積過小,光照強度太弱也不利于幼樹幼苗發(fā)育。(9)草本灌木的特點對胖大海幼樹幼苗更新密度也有影響,灌木蓋度較大不利于胖大海幼苗幼樹的定居存活,在各優(yōu)勢度林分中灌木蓋度從一級到五級,SL密度單調下降,平均密度呈現(xiàn)出D1D3D2林分的分布規(guī)律；不同灌木高度等級與SL的數(shù)量呈顯著正相關,不同灌木蓋度和高度等級與SL密度也均呈顯著相關,灌木高度增高、蓋度水平逐漸下降是SL生存以及密度增加的有利條件。反之,會不利SL生存,導致SL密度降低；在草本蓋度水平較低等級如Un、So1、Sp等級中SL的密度較高,草本蓋度增加使得幼樹幼苗密度逐漸下降。草本蓋度和灌木蓋度因素綜合作用與SL密度存在顯著負相關關系,即在草本和灌木蓋度較大的林下SL的數(shù)量較少。(10)胖大海幼樹幼苗天然更新在3個階段的出現(xiàn)頻率與優(yōu)勢度等級、表層土壤濕度、pH值、全氮、全磷和全鉀元素均有關系,這個關系能夠通過Logit Gauss模型進行模擬。胖大海不同樹高階段對表層土壤濕度、pH值、全氮、全磷和全鉀元素的要求有差異,SLj的表層土壤濕度、pH值、全氮、全磷和全鉀元素5個因素最適度依次為68.2%、4.6、2.351g·kg-1、0.292 g-kg-1和13.088 g·kg-1；SL2的表層土壤5個因素最適度分別為：濕度是72.8%、pH值是5.1、全氮元素是3.023 g-kg-1、全磷元素是0.338 g-kg-1和全鉀元素是15.104 g·k-1;SL3的表層土壤5個元素最適度依次為73.3%、5.5、3.347 g-kg-1、0.380 g·kg-1和15.581g·kg-1；隨著年齡增加對表層土壤濕度、pH值、全氮、全磷和全鉀元素的要求逐漸增加；各森林類型狀態(tài)的變化會影響到森林生態(tài)環(huán)境因素的變化和影響到幼樹幼苗不同階段的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過程,胖大海幼樹幼苗在D3中的更新比D2或D1好,絕大部分幼樹幼苗的出現(xiàn)頻率在D3D2D1,林分的高優(yōu)勢度或者林分的高穩(wěn)定性具有更適合胖大海幼樹幼苗天然更新的環(huán)境。(11)胖大海母樹徑級對種子的發(fā)芽率有很大的影響,母樹的直徑50～60 cm提供的種子質量最佳,發(fā)芽時間極快且相對均勻,播種2d到5d后大部分種子開始發(fā)芽,幼苗生長健康、苗根有黃藍色。冰箱0℃中貯藏的胖大海種子平均發(fā)芽率高于冰箱-5℃及常溫條件下的種子。胖大海種子的發(fā)芽率隨貯藏時間延長其活力和發(fā)芽率逐漸下降,如果將種子發(fā)芽率控制在50%以上,則在冰箱-5℃和常溫條件下貯藏時間不能超過180 d,冰箱0℃下不能超過300 d。在不同的溫度中,貯藏30 d后種子的平均發(fā)芽率達到80.17%,360 d后平均發(fā)芽率快速下降,只有25.75%。(12)遮蔭強度對胖大海幼苗的生長指標和成活力有極顯著的影響。胖大海6月生幼苗需要遮蔭,胖大海苗期階段是喜陰樹種。遮蔭強度在50%～75%處理下能夠促進6月生幼苗的地徑、苗高和生物量生長,能夠提供高質量的幼苗。遮蔭強度過高不利于胖大海幼苗的生長和發(fā)育。(13)NPK復合肥濃度在0%～6%的水平對胖大海幼苗均有顯著的影響,胖大海6月生幼苗需要NPK復合肥。胖大海6月生幼苗地徑生長的NPK復合肥最適度是3.38%,苗高生長的NPK復合肥最適度是3.23%,NPK復合肥濃度在2%～4%處理下胖大海幼苗能夠正常生長,3.2%～3.4%最有利于幼苗生長和發(fā)育。NPK復合肥濃度過高(5%～6%)不僅不利于幼苗生長而且危害幼苗,并使生產成本增加,污染水土環(huán)境。(14)P肥濃度0%～6%處理下對胖大海幼苗地徑和苗高生長均存在差異的影響。胖大海幼苗需磷量較低,P肥在1%-3%處理中幼苗生長良好,在4%～6%下生長差,在2%處理下幼苗生長最好。地徑生長需要的P肥最適度為2.6%,苗高為3.3%,育苗中將P肥含量控制在2.4%～3.3%之間最合理。P肥濃度過高時幼苗生長很差甚至死亡,而且破壞水土環(huán)境,增加生產成本。(15)胖大海6月生幼苗需要較高的糞肥含量,糞肥有利于胖大海幼苗地徑、苗高的生長,及生物量的增加。糞肥含量控制在12.4%～15.4%最為合適,最有助于地徑生長的含量是15.4%,苗高是14.5%。糞肥能有效改善育苗的基質,主要表現(xiàn)在增加土壤的空隙度,增加蓄水能力,提高營養(yǎng)成分,增加土壤肥力等,糞肥能夠降低對水土資源的污染。特別注意使用古老沖積土和森林灰化土播種時需要使用合理的糞肥。(16)糞肥和NPK復合肥兩種肥料配比對胖大海6月生幼苗的生長量指標均有顯著的影響。糞肥含量從15%-20%配合NPK復合肥濃度從1%～3%促進胖大海幼苗正常發(fā)育。其中,糞肥20%與NPK復合肥2%促進幼苗發(fā)育較好,糞肥20%與NPK復合肥2.21%配比幼苗地徑生長最好,糞肥20%與NPK復合肥2.69%配比幼苗苗高生長最好。(17)容器基質對胖大海幼苗的生長量有顯著的影響。一般黃紅壤、棕紅壤、森林灰化土和古老沖積土4個土壤種類均能作為容器育苗的基質。使用森林灰化土和古老沖積土作容器育苗的基質時需要注意改善土壤的理化性質,通過增加有機肥與NPK復合肥配比來提高其土壤肥力和營養(yǎng)物質。使用黃紅壤和棕紅壤作容器育苗的基質時需要積極改善土壤的疏松度,提高其礦物質和腐殖質含量,通過施加糞肥和椰糠能有效改善土壤的黏性。(18)容器尺寸對胖大海幼苗的地徑和苗高生長量指標均有顯著的影響。隨容器尺寸的變大幼苗的生長指標逐漸增加。對于短周期(6個月到12個月)育苗,容器尺寸15 cm×18 cm(L3)最合適,對于長周期(1.5年到2年)育苗,容器尺寸18cm×22 cm(L4)最合適。
[Abstract]:Pang Dahai (Sterculia lychnophora Hance) belongs to the genus Sterculia Linn (Sterculia Linn), which is a large deciduous tree in the subtropical forest ecosystem of ASEAN and East Asia. In Vietnam, Pang Dahai is mainly distributed in the West original area and from the north central to the south of the natural secondary forest. Pang Dahai is a kind of endangered plant. The forest ecosystem plays an important role and is an important part of the forest ecological succession. At the same time, for the developing countries, the fat sea plays an important role in reducing poverty relief. By rechecking the natural distribution of the country's fat Sea population, the phenology and comparison of the population of the fat sea are measured in different regions. In this analysis, the most representative natural evergreen broad-leaved forest and half forest forest in the southeast are studied. The characteristics of the fatty sea stand are described, the characteristics of the population are measured, and the effects of the main ecological environment factors on the young tree seedlings are discussed, and the results of the bioecological characteristics of the fat and big sea are based on the results of the study on the bioecological characteristics of the fat sea under natural forest. The main research results are as follows: (1) the main research results are as follows: (1) there are 5 regions in the natural distribution of the fat Sea population in Vietnam: in the north, in the South and in the southeast, Western yuan and southwest are mainly distributed in each country Forest Park, the subtropical natural evergreen broadleaved forest in the nature reserve, the subtropical natural secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest, the natural secondary humid semi deciduous broad-leaved forest and so on, and only a few in each forest farm; in 2014, the area of the national fat and big Hailin is about 26 thousand Hm2, unevenly distributed in 5. The area of the southeast region is 15190.1 Hm2, accounting for 58.8%. The fatty sea forest in the southeast region is mainly distributed in the natural cultural nature reserve of Tong Nai and the Forest Park in Jixian state; the area of the 3 different dominance grade stands is different, the area of the high potential forest of the fat sea is 5959.7 hm2 (23.1%); The area of the potential stand is 10908.8 hm2 (42.26%) and the low dominance forest area is 8943.2 hm2 (34.5%), and the quality of the fat sea forest in Vietnam is not high. In the past few years, the fat Sea population is facing the crisis because of the interference of people, such as the widespread cutting of the fruit and the unripe fruit, especially in the West and the South and central regions. (2) there is a difference in phenology of the different regions. Most of the Phenophase in the southern and central regions begin early, and the fat sea in the middle and south middle of the region is blooming. As a result, the fruit ripening and landing time is 30~40 D. earlier than the rest of the other regions, and the average time is shorter from July 5th to 19. The average from 10 to August 20th July, lasting to about June 10th of the next year; the leaf discoloration period begins with an average of 10~25 days of May, 27.6d, the deciduous period, 10~25 days of June and 17.2 D; the flowering period is short, the average time is 9.2 D, every year from April 8th to 29, and the result period, the average from 10~30 days April to April, continues 45.5. From June 5th to 15, the fruit of the fat sea began to fall to the ground from June 5th to 15, and the fruit setting time lasted about 13.6 D. (3) study on the species diversity of the different dominance forest species. The results showed that the species composition of the secondary forest with different sea dominance in the study area was rich, and 130 species of 39 families and 83 genera in the 9 standard tree layers. There are 16 species of rare and endangered species, and 5 species are endemic to the Nai region. There are 4 common cluster types, and the fat sea is one of the rare and endangered plants in Vietnam. The diversity index showed that there were 31 families, 62 genera and 77 species of trees with 31 families and 62 genera under the different Pang Dahai dominance forest, and the most important value was Pang Dahai. The average value of the species diversity index was D3D2D1. (4) for the forest tree diameter distribution law of different Pang Dahai dominance grade forest. The results show that there are obvious differences in the diameter distribution of the forest trees in the 3 dominance grade of the sea. The distribution of the diameter is basically close to the single peak distribution curve in the D3 stand. In the D2 and D1 stands, the diameter distribution is a typical approximate inverse "J" distribution, and the stand density from large to small is D2, D3, D1 in turn. The diameter distribution range of D3 was greater than that of D1 and D2 stand; (5) the distribution of the diameter of the fat sea in the stand of different dominance grade. The diameter of the fat sea was D3D2D1, and the growth of the fat sea was the best in D3, and the diameter distribution curve of the fat sea in the stand showed decreasing state and slowed down, and the diameter distribution of the fat sea forest was opposite " J "type. (6) the spatial distribution pattern of young tree seedlings of fat sea seedlings under different dominance, and the F test of statistical random deviation showed that the result of 1waoX=X'regression equation accorded with A0, beta 1, TaylorS2=X regression function, the results all conformed to the aggregation distribution of A1 and B 1, and the competition within the population began to appear, but this competition was not competitive. It is too fierce to achieve the degree of homogeneously distributed or random distribution of the population, that is, the species in the population is stable. (7) the seedling regeneration of the young trees of the fat sea has a significant effect on the height of different trees. The first stage of the fat sea is more than D2 and D3 in the D1, and the second stage, Ey in D1 is less than D3, There is no significant difference from D2; in the third stage, the Ey in the D1 is less than D2 and D3, and the first stage of the fat sea is less than Ca2 and Ca4 in the Ca1, which is larger than Ca3; the second and third stages are larger than those of the Ca1 and the biological and ecological characteristics. The sea renewal stage basically adapts to the high canopy density stand, and the demand for light intensity is low. (8) the gap characteristics of the stand of different dominance grades have a significant influence on the characteristics of young tree seedling regeneration. The survival of the fat Sea population in the D1 stand is less than that of D2 and D3, and the mortality from SL1 to SL2c in the seedlings of D1 and D2 forest from SL1 to SL2c It is higher than the D3 stand, the speed increases quickly, the age of the fat sea is stable when the age reaches SL3, the death rate is low, and the growth and development will continue to enter the arbor layer. The spatial distribution pattern of the young trees of the sapling of the fat Sea belongs to the aggregation distribution pattern, the spatial distribution pattern of the whole population in the D1 and the D2 stands, but the young tree seedlings of the fat sea in the D3 stand. The population distribution pattern began to be homogeneous, and the regeneration of young tree seedlings in the forest gap in the forest gap of different dominance grade was different. With the increase of the gap area, the regeneration density of the fat sea also changed correspondingly. When the space area was 401~500 m2, the seedling regeneration of most young trees was the best, the young tree seedlings were the best. The density reached the peak, and then began to decrease. Although the seedlings of the young tree were low in light intensity, the area of the gap was too small and the light intensity was too weak. (9) the characteristics of herbaceous shrubs also affected the regeneration density of young tree seedlings, and the large shrub coverage was not conducive to the young trees. The coverage of shrubs from the first to five levels, the SL density decreased monotonously and the average density showed the distribution of the D1D3D2 stand; the height of the shrubs had a significant positive correlation with the number of SL, and the coverage and height of different shrubs were also significantly correlated with the density of SL, and the height of shrubs increased and the coverage level was higher. Gradual decline is a favorable condition for the survival of SL and the increase of density. On the contrary, it will detrimental to the survival of SL and decrease the density of SL; the density of SL is higher in the lower level of the lower level of the herbaceous coverage, such as Un, So1 and Sp, and the increase of the herb coverage makes the young tree seedling density gradually decrease. The comprehensive effect of the herbaceous cover and shrub coverage and the density of the SL is obvious. There is a negative correlation, that is, the number of SL is less under the coverage of herbaceous and shrubs. (10) the frequency of natural regeneration of young tree seedlings in the 3 stages is related to the soil moisture, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and all potassium, which can be simulated by the Logit Gauss model. There are differences in surface soil moisture, pH value, total nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the height of the tree. The most appropriate 5 factors in the surface soil moisture, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in SLj are 68.2%, 4.6,2.351g. Kg-1,0.292 g-kg-1 and 13.088 G. Kg-1, and the humidity is 72.8%, pH value, respectively, respectively. It is 5.1, the total nitrogen is 3.023 g-kg-1, the total phosphorus is 0.338 g-kg-1 and the total potassium is 15.104 G. K-1; the most appropriate 5 elements in the surface soil of SL3 are 73.3%, 5.5,3.347 g-kg-1,0.380 G. Kg-1 and 15.581g. Kg-1. With the increase of age, the requirements for the surface soil moisture, pH value, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium are gradually increased; the various Sen The change of forest type state will affect the change of forest ecological environment factors and the development and development process of young tree seedlings in different stages. The regeneration of young tree seedlings in D3 is better than that of D2 or D1. Most of young tree seedlings appear in the D3D2D1, the high dominance of the stand or the high stability of the stand is more suitable for fat. The natural regeneration environment of the young tree seedlings (11) the size of the fat sea mother tree has a great influence on the germination rate of the seeds. The seed quality of the mother tree with the diameter of 50~60 cm is the best, the germination time is very fast and relatively uniform. After sowing 2D to 5D, most of the seeds begin to germinate, the seedlings grow healthy and the seedlings are yellow and blue. The fat stored in the fridge at 0 degrees centigrade is fat. The average germination rate of the sea seed was higher than that of the refrigerator at -5 and normal temperature. The germination rate of the fat sea seeds decreased gradually with the storage time. If the germination rate was controlled above 50%, the storage time could not exceed 180 d under the condition of the refrigerator at -5 and normal temperature, and the refrigerator could not exceed 300 D. at 0. In the same temperature, the average germination rate of the seeds reached 80.17% after 30 d storage and the average germination rate decreased rapidly after 360 D. Only 25.75%. (12) shading intensity had a very significant influence on the growth index and vitality of Pang Dahai seedlings. The seedlings of Pang Dahai in June were shaded and the Pang Dahai seedling stage was a shade shade tree. The shade intensity was 50% to 75%. The ground diameter, seedling height and biomass growth of the seedlings in June could be promoted to provide high quality seedlings. The high shade intensity was not conducive to the growth and development of the seedlings of the fat sea. (13) the concentration of NPK compound fertilizer at 0% to 6% had a significant effect on the seedlings of chubby sea, and the young seedlings of chubby sea needed NPK compound fertilizer in the fat and big sea. The fat sea was born in June. The most appropriate NPK compound fertilizer for seedling growth was 3.38%, the most suitable NPK compound fertilizer was 3.23%, and the concentration of NPK compound fertilizer could grow normally under the treatment of 2% ~ 4%. 3.2% ~ 3.4% was the most beneficial to the growth and development of the seedlings (5% to 6%), which was not only unfavorable to the growth of the seedlings and harmful to the seedlings. The cost of production increased, and the environment of soil and water pollution. (14) the effects of P fertilizer concentration 0% ~ 6% on the growth of the seedling height and height of the seedlings were different. The seedlings of the fat sea seedlings needed low phosphorus, the P fertilizer had good growth in the 1%-3% treatment, the poor growth of the seedlings under the 2% treatment and the best growth of the seedlings under the treatment of 2%. The optimum for the growth of the ground diameter was 2.6%, The seedling height is 3.3%. The seedling growth is very poor and even death when the content of P fertilizer is controlled between 2.4% ~ 3.3% and the most reasonable.P fertilizer concentration is too high. And it destroys the soil and water environment and increases the production cost. (15) the seedlings of the June seedlings of fat sea need higher manure content, manure is beneficial to the height of the fat and big sea seedlings, the growth of seedling height, and the increase of biomass. The optimum fertilizer content was 12.4%-15.4%. The optimum fertilizer content was 15.4% and the seedling height was 14.5%.
【學位授予單位】：福建農林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S792.99

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 孫潔;劉俊;郁培義;陳偉玉;何書奮;;不同基質配方對降香黃檀幼苗生長生理的影響[J];中南林業(yè)科技大學學報;2015年07期

2 巢林;洪滔;李鍵;陳燦;洪偉;吳承禎;;中亞熱帶不同林齡杉木人工林徑級結構與林下物種多樣性分析[J];植物資源與環(huán)境學報;2015年02期

3 張海軍;張淑蘭;王長寶;;小興安嶺紅松種群天然更新及影響因子的探討[J];林業(yè)資源管理;2015年02期

4 郝海坤;黃志玲;曹艷云;申文輝;陳琴;;不同貯藏溫度對柚木種子萌發(fā)和生理生化的影響[J];種子;2015年04期

5 周艷;陳訓;韋小麗;伍慶;李朝嬋;;凋落物對迷人杜鵑幼苗更新和種子萌發(fā)的影響[J];林業(yè)科學;2015年03期

6 劉澤彬;程瑞梅;肖文發(fā);郭泉水;王娜;;遮蔭對中華蚊母樹苗期生長及光合特性的影響[J];林業(yè)科學;2015年02期

7 劉俊;郁培義;曾德華;孫潔;何書奮;陳偉玉;;不同措施施肥對白木香幼苗生理生長的影響[J];熱帶林業(yè);2014年04期

8 Adele Muscolo;Silvio Bagnato;Maria Sidari;Roberto Mercurio;;A review of the roles of forest canopy gaps[J];Journal of Forestry Research;2014年04期

9 郭妍妍;李紅亮;王朋;馮金朝;薛達元;孟秀祥;;瀕危馴鹿(Rangifer tarandus)秋季偏好生境的生態(tài)特征[J];應用與環(huán)境生物學報;2014年05期

10 趙志剛;郭俊杰;曾杰;徐建民;;廣西大明山格木種群的空間分布格局與數(shù)量動態(tài)特征[J];林業(yè)科學;2014年10期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 何中聲;格氏栲天然林林窗微環(huán)境特征及幼苗更新動態(tài)研究[D];福建農林大學;2012年

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 劉現(xiàn)剛;容器規(guī)格和基質配比對栓皮櫟容器苗質量的影響[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2011年

，

本文編號：2165467