本文選題：LED + 光照孵化　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在禽類的人工孵化過程中,五個主要因素對胚胎的發(fā)育起著至關(guān)重要的作用,需要加以控制,分別是：溫度、濕度、氧含量、二氧化碳含量、翻蛋頻率。自然的孵化過程中,當(dāng)母雞離開覓食等時,胚胎能夠接受到光刺激。與此相比,人工商業(yè)孵化經(jīng)常采用完全黑暗進行孵化。然而在現(xiàn)代化的產(chǎn)業(yè)中,禽類孵化期間近乎占了禽類生長的1/2-1/3,并且出雛雛雞的品質(zhì)是決定后期生產(chǎn)性能的關(guān)鍵因素。近年來,胚胎發(fā)育和光刺激之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。大量的研究表明光照可以對胚胎發(fā)育產(chǎn)生影響。本論文采用了LED單色綠光(525±1 5nm)分別對肉雞(淺色蛋殼)和蛋雞(深色蛋殼)種蛋在孵化中進行不同光照強度、不同光照周期的調(diào)控研究。并采用了兩側(cè)給光的新型節(jié)能光照方式對種蛋進光照調(diào)控。在研究中對種蛋整體的孵化性能、胚胎的生長及后期育雛雛雞的生長性能、抗應(yīng)激性能均進行了評估。并探索性的研究了不同顏色種蛋蛋殼在孵化過程中光透過性、色度及元素的變化,加強對光照孵化研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。主要的研究內(nèi)容如下：(1)孵化期間不同強度單色綠光調(diào)控對肉雞胚胎的影響本研究采用了從種蛋的兩側(cè)安置兩個LED燈條,并從蛋托的兩側(cè)向中間給光的方式在孵化期間對胚胎進行光照刺激,最大范圍利用了光能,節(jié)約了設(shè)備成本。利用以上的光源布置方式,采用三種強度的LED單色綠光(525nm)(low: 22-75 lux;middle:92-208lux;high組：150-392 lux)在嶺南黃肉雞種蛋(淺色種蛋)孵化期間對其胚胎進行光照調(diào)控研究,對其孵化性能、胚胎生長等進行研究。研究結(jié)果顯示在嶺南黃肉雞種蛋孵化期間提供光照對胚胎進行調(diào)控刺激,可在孵化期間顯著促進胚胎及內(nèi)臟器官等指標(biāo)的生長,縮短孵化時間,光照組出雛高峰均比黑暗組提前約12h左右。并且可顯著的降低種蛋孵化的死亡率,提高孵化率與整體的孵化質(zhì)量,提高出雛雛雞的血清生長類激素水平。三個光照組中以low組的光照強度(22-75 lux)效果最佳,過大的光照強度(1middle組92-208lux; high組：150-392 lux)會導(dǎo)致效果的降低或產(chǎn)生副作用�？傮w評估下,相對于傳統(tǒng)黑暗孵化,在嶺南黃肉雞種蛋孵化過程中采用low光照強度：22-75 lux對胚胎進行光照調(diào)控,可顯著地提高孵化率約6%左右,促進胚胎生長發(fā)育,提前出雛高峰期約12h左右。(2)孵化期間不同強度單色綠光刺激對蛋雞胚胎及育雛期間生長及抗壓能力的影響本研究依舊采用了兩側(cè)給光的光照方式,采用三種強度的LED單色綠光(525nm)(low:22-75lux;middle:92-208 lux;high組：150-392 lux)在海蘭褐蛋雞種蛋(深色種蛋)孵化期間對其胚胎進行光照調(diào)控研究,對其孵化性能、胚胎生長及育雛期間的生產(chǎn)性能及抗應(yīng)激能力進行研究。研究結(jié)果表明在蛋雞種蛋孵化期間提供hi曲強度(150-392 lux)的光照刺激提高了種蛋的孵化率與整體孵化性能,降低了死亡率。在種蛋孵化期間提供low光強(22-75 lux)調(diào)控,顯著提高了胚胎在孵化期間13天和15天胚胎體重與體長指標(biāo)。在孵化期間提供單色綠光對胚胎進行光照刺激,可顯著提高出雛后雛雞的內(nèi)臟器官(心、肝、消化系統(tǒng))的發(fā)育。在孵化期間提供low光強(22-75 lux)進行調(diào)控可顯著性提高雛雞在育雛期間H14天的血清T3和T4水平,并且對母雛的促進效果優(yōu)于公雛。在抗應(yīng)激行為測試中,在孵化中提供單色綠光刺激,顯著地降低了孤獨測試和緊急延遲出沒測試中的雛雞鳴叫次數(shù)及緊急延遲出沒時間。middle和high強度(92-208 lux,150-392 lux)的光照的孵化期間的調(diào)控使得育雛期間雛雞產(chǎn)生顯著地右偏側(cè)性的選擇。結(jié)果表明相對于傳統(tǒng)黑暗孵化,在海蘭褐蛋雞種蛋孵化過程中采用high光照強度：150-392 lux對胚胎進行光照調(diào)控,可提高孵化率約3%、促進胚胎及出雛后雛雞的內(nèi)臟器官的生長發(fā)育,并可以顯著地提高雛雞在生長中的抗應(yīng)激能力。(3)孵化期間不同孵化周期綠光刺激胚胎對蛋雞胚胎及育雛期間生長的影響本部分研究采用上一部分光強優(yōu)化研究：high組光照強度(150-392 lux),在蛋雞種蛋(深色種蛋)孵化的不同時期對胚胎進行綠光光照刺激調(diào)控,并設(shè)全周期光照更高光照強度處理組0-21L higher組(338-992lux)進行驗證,研究孵化期間孵化的整體性能、胚胎及育雛期間雛雞的生產(chǎn)性能。依舊采用兩側(cè)給光的方式對種蛋進行光照調(diào)控。研究結(jié)果表明在孵化期間提供LED綠光光照可顯著地促進胚胎的眼睛發(fā)育及育雛期間雛雞的內(nèi)臟器官發(fā)育,可促進出雛時雛雞的脛骨和嘴長等骨骼發(fā)育,并且提高雛雞在育雛期間的體內(nèi)血液激素水平。總體評估下,相對于傳統(tǒng)的黑暗孵化,在孵化期間的用150-392 lux的光照強度在孵化期間0-7天對胚胎進行綠光光照光照調(diào)控,可顯著地提高孵化率約6%,提高雛雞的骨骼發(fā)育水平。(4)孵化期間不同顏色種蛋不同區(qū)域蛋殼光透特性的研究由前期研究得知淺色蛋殼和深色蛋殼種蛋所優(yōu)化出的適合孵化期間進行光照強度并不相同,并且影響光照孵化的主要因素就是蛋殼,包括蛋殼的色度、厚度以及元素成分。因此本研究對整個孵化期間的種蛋蛋殼在可見光光譜下的透過特性進行研究,并結(jié)合對光照孵化后種蛋蛋殼顏色的對比結(jié)果,意在對進一步的光照孵化調(diào)控研究中提供科學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。采用蛋殼顏色跨度較大的梅黃雞種蛋進行顏色分類,對不同顏色種蛋蛋殼及不同區(qū)域蛋殼位置在孵化期間的蛋殼的色度、光透過性、元素的變化進行研究。研究結(jié)果顯示在種蛋孵化期進行光照可使蛋殼顏色發(fā)生顯著性的變化。傳統(tǒng)黑暗孵化期間蛋殼的光透過率會隨著孵化時間的增加而顯著性的降低。種蛋的小頭區(qū)域的光透過率顯著高于大頭和中間區(qū)域的光透過率。淺色種蛋蛋殼的光透過率顯著地高于中色和深色種蛋蛋殼的光透過率。
[Abstract]:In the artificial incubation of poultry, five main factors play a vital role in the development of embryos. They need to be controlled: temperature, humidity, oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, the frequency of egg turnover. In the natural incubation process, when the hen leaves foraging, the embryo can be stimulated by light. In modern industries, however, in the modern industry, poultry hatches nearly occupy the 1/2-1/3 of poultry growth, and the quality of chicks is a key factor in determining later production performance. In recent years, the association between embryonic development and light stimulation has attracted wide attention. A large number of studies have shown that light is illuminated. In this paper, LED monochromatic green light (525 + 1 5nm) was used to control the different light intensity and different light cycle of broiler (light color eggshell) and egg hen (dark eggshell). The hatching performance of the whole egg, the growth of the embryo, the growth performance and the anti stress performance of the young chicks were evaluated. The light transmittance, the chromaticity and the changes of the elements in the hatching of different color egg shells were explored. The main research contents were as follows: (1) hatching. The effects of different intensity monochromatic green light on broiler embryos during the period of transformation, two LED lamps were placed on both sides of the egg, and the light was stimulated from the two sides of the egg to the middle of the egg during the incubation period. The maximum range of light energy was used and the preparation cost was saved. Three kinds of intensity LED monochromatic green light (525nm) (low: 22-75 lux; middle:92-208lux; high group: 150-392 Lux) in the incubation period of South of the Five Ridges yellow broiler eggs (light colored eggs) during hatching of their embryos, the incubation performance and embryo growth were studied. The fetal and visceral organs could be promoted significantly during the incubation period, and the incubation time was shortened. The peak time of the hatching group was about 12h earlier than that in the dark group, and the mortality of the hatchery was significantly reduced, the hatching rate and the overall hatching quality were improved, and the serum growth hormone of the chicks was raised. The light intensity (22-75 Lux) of the group low was the best in the three light groups. The excessive light intensity (1Middle group 92-208lux; high group: 150-392 Lux) could lead to the decrease of the effect or the side effect. Under the overall evaluation, compared with the traditional dark hatching, the intensity of low illumination was adopted in the hatching process of South of the Five Ridges yellow broilers: 22-75 Lux The light regulation of the embryo could significantly increase the hatching rate of about 6%, promote the growth and development of embryos, and the peak period of early out of the embryo about 12h. (2) the effects of different intensity monochromatic green light stimulation on the growth and compression ability of laying hens during hatching during incubation The LED monochromatic green light (525nm) (low:22-75lux; middle:92-208 lux; high group: 150-392 Lux) was used to regulate the illumination of the embryos during hatching of the egg (dark colored eggs) of the brown laying hens. The hatching performance, the growth performance and the ability to resist stress during the brooding period were studied. The results showed that the eggs were incubated in the laying hens. During the incubation period, the light stimulation of hi flexure (150-392 Lux) increased the hatchability and overall hatchability of the egg and reduced the mortality. It provided the low light intensity (22-75 Lux) during the incubation period of the eggs, which significantly improved the embryo weight and body length index during the incubation period of 13 and 15 days. The growth of visceral organs (heart, liver, digestive system) of chicks was significantly increased after exposure to light. During incubation, low light intensity (22-75 Lux) could significantly improve the level of serum T3 and T4 in chicks during brooding and H14 days, and the promotion effect was better than that of male chicks. During the test of anti stress behavior, the incubation period was in hatching. It provides a monochrome green light stimulation, significantly reducing the number of chicks' chirping in the solitude test and emergency delay test, and the regulation of the incubation period of.Middle and high intensity (92-208 lux, 150-392 Lux). In the dark hatching, the high light intensity was adopted in the hatching process of the hens egg laying hens: 150-392 lux could increase the hatching rate by about 3%, promote the growth and development of the visceral organs of the embryo and the chicks after the hatching, and significantly improve the resistance to stress in the growth of the chicks. (3) the different incubation period green during the incubation period was green. The effects of light stimulation of embryos on the growth of egg laying embryos and brooding periods were studied in the last part of the study. The intensity of light intensity (150-392 Lux) in high group was controlled by green light stimulation at different periods of incubation of egg laying eggs (dark species eggs), and a full cycle light intensity treatment group 0-21L higher was set up. The group (338-992lux) was tested to study the overall performance of hatching during hatching, the production performance of the chicks during the embryo and the brooding period. The light regulation of the eggs was still used on both sides of light. The results showed that the supply of LED green light during incubation could significantly promote the development of the embryo and the viscera of the chicks during the brooding. It can promote the growth of the tibia and mouth length of the chicks in and out of the chicks and increase the level of blood hormones in the brooding chicks during the brooding. Under the overall assessment, the light intensity of 150-392 lux in the incubation period is controlled by the green light illumination of the embryo at the 0-7 day of hatching during hatching, which can be significantly raised. The high hatching rate was about 6%, and the development level of the chicks was improved. (4) the study on the photoperiod characteristics of the eggshell in different regions of the different color eggs during the incubation period showed that the light intensity of light eggshell and dark eggshell eggs was different during hatching, and the main factor affecting the hatching of light was the egg shell. The color, thickness and element composition of eggshell are included. Therefore, this study has studied the transmission characteristics of egg shells under the visible light spectrum during the incubation period, and combined with the contrast results of the color of egg shell after incubation, intended to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the further study of the regulation of illumination hatching. The color classification of the egg shells with different colors, the chromaticity of the eggshell, the light transmittance and the change of the elements during the incubation period were studied. The results showed that the illumination could make the eggshell color change significantly during the incubation period of the egg. The egg shell in the traditional dark hatching period was the eggshell. The light transmittance of the small head area of the seed egg is significantly higher than that of the large head and the middle area. The light transmittance of the light color egg shell is significantly higher than that of the medium and dark colored egg shells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S831

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李建華;孵化期間突然停電怎么辦[J];養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)顧問;2001年10期

2 趙鑫亮;李馨;諶旭紅;郭志光;;孵化期間種蛋失重及其影響因素[J];養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)顧問;2005年12期

3 朱步勤;Joseph M.Mauldin;;監(jiān)測種蛋在孵化期間的失重[J];國外畜牧學(xué)(豬與禽);1989年02期

4 邸懷忠;;停電后電孵機應(yīng)急保溫法——沸水保溫[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè);1991年04期

5 馮敏山;吳建華;李素芬;;孵化期間種蛋的失重規(guī)律及其應(yīng)用[J];養(yǎng)禽與禽病防治;1991年06期

6 劉亮;;種蛋的生理結(jié)構(gòu)及其作用[J];畜禽業(yè);2010年04期

7 楊樹棟;;孵化期間家禽種蛋失重的監(jiān)測及其應(yīng)用[J];當(dāng)代畜牧;2005年08期

8 楊海明;王志躍;朱小惠;于金成;劉蓓一;;孵化期間蛋內(nèi)組成成分變化規(guī)律的研究[J];揚州大學(xué)學(xué)報(農(nóng)業(yè)與生命科學(xué)版);2008年03期

9 劉亮;;種蛋的生理結(jié)構(gòu)及其應(yīng)用[J];養(yǎng)禽與禽病防治;2010年07期

10 宋宇軒,王亞奇;孵化期間的最適溫度如何監(jiān)控[J];養(yǎng)禽與禽病防治;1996年05期

相關(guān)會議論文 前3條

1 丁梅;房興堂;;鳥骨雞孵化期間卵內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)脂肪的變化研究(摘要)[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)會2003年學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2003年

2 李呂木;陳寒青;虞澤鵬;;孵化期間雞胚、肝臟、卵黃及蛋白質(zhì)組成的變化及其相關(guān)關(guān)系[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)會動物營養(yǎng)學(xué)分會——第九屆學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2004年

3 房興堂;劉賢德;王沖;李建;張偉;代安輝;王翠美;孟秀梅;;孵化期間雞蛋各成分的水分變化及雞胚生長分析[A];中國動物科學(xué)研究——中國動物學(xué)會第十四屆會員代表大會及中國動物學(xué)會65周年年會論文集[C];1999年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 趙春光;繁殖甲魚有新招——木箱孵化[N];中國海洋報;2000年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 俞s，

本文編號：2087935