本文選題：錫林郭勒草原 + 土地生態(tài)�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：中國草原是我國北疆重要的生態(tài)屏障,同樣也是重要的畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地。近年來,草地資源的過度開發(fā)利用在促進經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的同時,也對草原生態(tài)環(huán)境造成極大破壞,嚴重制約草原區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會和環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,隨著畜產(chǎn)品需求的持續(xù)增加,草原區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境累積效應(yīng)不斷加強,草原區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,已成為制約地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展乃至區(qū)域生態(tài)安全的重大隱患,草原生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合治理已迫在眉睫。基于上述背景,在內(nèi)蒙古土地資源數(shù)量與質(zhì)量生態(tài)監(jiān)測與可持續(xù)利用研究創(chuàng)新團隊和國土資源部土地利用重點實驗室課題“重點區(qū)域土地生態(tài)狀況與評估”支持下,本文以錫林郭勒草原區(qū)為例,借助遙感與GIS技術(shù),綜合運用土地利用變化學(xué)、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、生態(tài)影響評價等原理與方法,系統(tǒng)地分析錫林郭勒草原區(qū)土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量指標體系與方法,綜合評價錫林郭勒草原區(qū)土地生態(tài)質(zhì)量狀況和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值。本文的主要結(jié)果如下：(1)從影響研究區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況的自然、經(jīng)濟、生態(tài)等因素入手,構(gòu)建錫林郭勒草原區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況三級評估指標體系,包含4個準則層、11個指標層和36個元指標。(2)研究區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況元指標現(xiàn)狀值反映出研究區(qū)生態(tài)狀況受自然氣候條件的控制較強,且具有明顯的由東部、東南部向西部、西北部質(zhì)量遞減的規(guī)律。局部地區(qū)的土地生態(tài)狀況受土地利用方式的影響顯現(xiàn)出不同的退化特征。(3)評價得出土地生態(tài)狀況質(zhì)量綜合分值范圍為0.0549-0.2708,采用土地生態(tài)狀況綜合分值反映出研究區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況質(zhì)量總體較差,且處于較不安全狀態(tài)土地面積占研究區(qū)總面積比例高達80%,土地生態(tài)狀況質(zhì)量由高至低面積逐漸增大。(4)主成分分析表明,影響錫林郭勒草原區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況的主要元指標有13個,分別是年均降水量、土壤有機質(zhì)含量、坡度、土地利用類型多樣性指數(shù)、有林地與防護林比例、生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施用地比例、壓占土地比例、林地年均退化率、草地年均退化率、水域年均減少率、未利用土地開發(fā)利用面積年增加率、人口與生態(tài)用地增長貢獻率、地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值與生態(tài)用地增長貢獻率。(5)13個主要元指標標準化值與綜合分值相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況評估綜合分值的大小與年均降水量、土壤有機質(zhì)、坡度、土地利用類型多樣性指數(shù)、有林地與防護林比例5個元指標具有極顯著的線性相關(guān)性,與地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值與生態(tài)用地增長彈性系數(shù)元指標有顯著線性相關(guān)性,與剩余7個元指標相關(guān)性無明顯規(guī)律。影響錫林郭勒草原區(qū)土地生態(tài)狀況的主要障礙因素為土地生態(tài)狀況基礎(chǔ)性指標和結(jié)構(gòu)性指標,說明氣候條件脆弱、土壤貧瘠加之沒有因地而宜的土地利用方式是制約當?shù)赝恋厣鷳B(tài)狀況良性發(fā)展的主要障礙因素。(6)典型區(qū)(錫林浩特市)土地利用變化明顯,各項土地利用變化指標顯示2000-2005年和2005-2010年是土地利用變化最大的10年,國家政策成為影響土地利用變化的主要因素。典型區(qū)(錫林浩特市)土地利用程度變化量和土地利用程度變化率均0,土地利用程度逐年提高,說明錫林浩特市目前正處于土地利用的上升發(fā)展時期,地區(qū)土地利用集約化程度將進一步提高。典型區(qū)(錫林浩特市)在1980-2010年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值不斷增加,尤其2005-2010年,增加量較前兩個時段大。
[Abstract]:China's Grassland is an important ecological barrier in Northern Xinjiang, and it is also an important production base of animal husbandry. In recent years, the overexploitation and utilization of grassland resources have caused great damage to the ecological environment of grassland, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of economic society and environment in the grassland area, with the demand of livestock products. The cumulative effect of ecological environment in the grassland area has been continuously strengthened. The ecological environment in the grassland area has become a major hidden danger restricting the sustainable development of the region and the ecological security of the region. The comprehensive management of the grassland ecological environment is imminent. Based on the above background, the ecological monitoring and sustainable benefit of the quantity and quality of the land resources in Inner Mongolia and the sustainable benefit are made. With the support of the research innovation team and the Key Laboratory of land use in the Ministry of land and resources, with the support of the land ecological status and evaluation in the key areas, this paper, taking the Xilin Gol Grassland as an example, comprehensively uses the principles and methods of land use change chemistry, landscape ecology and ecological impact assessment with the help of remote sensing and GIS technology, and systematically analyses the tin forest. The land ecological quality index system and method of the Guo Ling prairie area, comprehensive evaluation of the land ecological quality status and ecosystem service value in Xilin Guo grassland area. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) from the natural, economic, ecological and other factors affecting the ecological status of the study area, the land ecological status of xilingokland grassland is constructed by three levels The evaluation index system includes 4 criteria layer, 11 index layer and 36 yuan index. (2) the status of the ecological status of the study area reflects that the ecological condition of the study area is controlled by the natural climate conditions, and the law of the quality decline from the East, the southeast to the West and the northwestern part of the study area. The land ecological situation in the local area The influence of land use mode showed different degradation characteristics. (3) the comprehensive score of land ecological status was 0.0549-0.2708, and the comprehensive value of land ecological status reflected the overall poor quality of the land ecological condition in the study area, and the proportion of the total area of the land area in the less safe state was up to 8. 0%, the quality of the ecological condition of the land gradually increased from high to low. (4) the principal component analysis of the principal component analysis showed that there were 13 main factors affecting the ecological conditions of the grassland in Xilingol Grassland, which were annual precipitation, soil organic matter content, slope, land use type diversity index, forest land and protective forest ratio, and ecological infrastructure ratio. For example, the proportion of land, the annual degradation rate of woodland, the annual average degradation rate of grassland, the annual average reduction rate of water area, the annual increase rate of land development and utilization area, the contribution rate of population and ecological land growth, the contribution rate of regional GDP and ecological land growth. (5) the correlation analysis between the standardized values of the 13 main indicators and the comprehensive score shows that The size of the comprehensive value of the assessment of the land ecological situation and the annual average precipitation, the soil organic matter, the slope, the land use type diversity index, the 5 yuan index of the forest land and the protective forest ratio have a very significant linear correlation, and there is a significant linear correlation with the index of the growth of the region and the growth of the elastic coefficient of the ecological land. The main obstacle factors affecting the land ecological condition of the Xilingol Grassland Area are the basic index and structural index of the land ecological condition, which indicates that the climate conditions are fragile, the soil barren and the suitable land use way is the main reason for the benign development of the local land ecological condition. Obstacle factors. (6) the land use change of typical area (Xilinhaote city) is obvious. The indexes of land use change show that 2000-2005 and 2005-2010 years are the biggest 10 years of land use change. The state policy becomes the main factor affecting the land use change. The change of land use degree and the land use degree of the typical area (Xilinhaote) The rate of change is 0 and the degree of land use is increasing year by year. It shows that Xilinhaote is now in the period of rising and developing of land use. The intensification degree of land use will be further improved. The value of ecosystem services in the typical area (Xilinhaote) is increasing in 1980-2010 years, especially in 2005-2010 years, and the increase is larger than the first two periods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S812

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