本文選題：重復(fù)干旱 + 光合作用�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：干旱或半干旱地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)的植物在其生命周期內(nèi)可能會(huì)遭受不止一次的干旱脅迫。為了研究干旱脅迫對(duì)氣孔發(fā)育和氣體交換能力的影響以及作物對(duì)多次干旱的生理生化響應(yīng),本試驗(yàn)以玉米為材料,測(cè)定和分析了(1)不同水分處理下玉米葉片的氣孔密度、氣孔器大小和開(kāi)張度的變化以及氣體交換參數(shù)的變化,(2)玉米幼苗在中度和重度土壤干旱處理三周、隨后的復(fù)水一周以及再次干旱處理三周下植株的生長(zhǎng)、光合特性、抗氧化體系和滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量的變化,得出的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)在相同水分處理下,玉米抽雄期和灌漿期的葉片氣孔密度和氣孔器長(zhǎng)度均高于拔節(jié)期,但氣孔器寬度在各時(shí)期變化不大。干旱脅迫下,這三個(gè)時(shí)期玉米葉片的氣孔密度增加、但體積變小;與此同時(shí),在重度水分虧缺處理下,葉片的凈光合速率(P_n)、蒸騰速率(T_r)和氣孔導(dǎo)度(G_s)均顯著降低。回歸分析表明,氣孔密度與P_n和T_r呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,而與瞬時(shí)水分利用效率(WUEi)呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。(2)當(dāng)玉米幼苗遭受第一次水分處理后,在重度水分虧缺下,玉米株高、單株總?cè)~面積、地上部分及根系生物量、以及葉片的T_r、G_s、胞間二氧化碳濃度(C_i)、P_n、最大凈光合速率(A_(max))、光合色素含量和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)活性均顯著降低,但光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)、暗呼吸速率和乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)活性顯著升高;葉片中O2ˉ、H2O2和丙二醛的含量以及相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率顯著升高,同時(shí),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)、抗壞血酸過(guò)氧化物酶(APX)、單脫氫抗壞血酸還原酶(MDHAR)和谷胱甘肽還原酶(GR)等主要抗氧化酶的活性顯著上升;作為主要滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)的游離氨基酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量顯著增加。中度水分虧缺處理同樣顯著降低玉米株高、葉面積和地上部分生物量,但對(duì)根系生物量無(wú)影響,因而根冠比增大,對(duì)光合參數(shù)的負(fù)向效應(yīng)也不具有顯著性;中度水分虧缺處理對(duì)玉米葉片膜系統(tǒng)的損傷較小,只引起了葉片中MDHAR活性的顯著升高。(3)干旱后復(fù)水處理,可使前期經(jīng)受中度和重度干旱處理玉米的光合能力、除較高的APX活性外上述生理生化指標(biāo)和生長(zhǎng)速率恢復(fù)到正常水分條件下生長(zhǎng)的植株的水平,但株高和葉面積沒(méi)有恢復(fù)到對(duì)照水平。(4)當(dāng)玉米再次經(jīng)受水分虧缺處理時(shí),與只遭受第二次中度或重度干旱處理的植株相比,經(jīng)歷過(guò)前期中度干旱處理植株的株高、生物量和光合參數(shù)沒(méi)有顯著變化,但葉面積有顯著下降;經(jīng)歷過(guò)前期重度干旱處理植株的T_r、G_s、C_i、P_n、A_(max)、表觀量子效率、光合色素含量、PEPCase活性和GO活性有顯著升高,而株高、葉面積和生物量則顯著降低,植株葉片細(xì)胞膜透性顯著降低、而游離氨基酸的含量顯著升高,清除活性氧的關(guān)鍵酶SOD、CAT、APX、MDHAR和GR的活性有所增強(qiáng)。綜上所述,(1)干旱脅迫引起玉米葉片的氣孔密度增加和氣孔變小,這種適應(yīng)性變化與玉米葉片的光合作用和蒸騰作用顯著負(fù)相關(guān),而與WUEi呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。(2)第一次重度水分虧缺處理顯著降低玉米葉片的光合能力和生長(zhǎng),復(fù)水可使光合能力和生長(zhǎng)速率恢復(fù)到正常水分條件下生長(zhǎng)植株的水平,但不能消除前期干旱對(duì)生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生的不利影響;前期中度干旱可以刺激玉米根系的生長(zhǎng)和顯著提高根冠比,有利于對(duì)二次干旱的抵抗能力,并使總的生物量保持在對(duì)照水平,而前期重度干旱處理雖然能夠通過(guò)快速啟動(dòng)抗氧化防御體系和增強(qiáng)滲透調(diào)節(jié)能力提高植株對(duì)二次干旱的抵御能力,卻不能彌補(bǔ)前期干旱處理對(duì)生長(zhǎng)的不利影響。因此,在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中,如果進(jìn)行抗旱鍛煉,應(yīng)限制在中度干旱水平,避免重度干旱。
[Abstract]:Plants growing in arid or semi-arid areas may suffer from more than one drought stress during their life cycle. In order to study the effects of drought stress on stomatal development and gas exchange capacity and the physiological and biochemical responses of crops to multiple droughts, maize was used as material to determine and analyze (1) maize under different water treatments. The stomatal density, the size and opening of the stomata and the change of the gas exchange parameters, (2) the plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, the changes of the photosynthetic characteristics, the antioxidant system and the osmotic regulator content of the maize seedlings in the moderate and severe soil drought treatment for three weeks, and the subsequent drought treatment for three weeks, and the changes in the content of the osmotic substances and the changes in the content of osmotic substances. The results are as follows: (1) under the same water treatment, the stomatal density and the stomatal length of the leaves in the maize and filling stages are higher than the jointing stage, but the width of the stomata varies little at all times. Under drought stress, the stomatal density of the maize leaves in these three periods increases, but the volume becomes smaller, and at the same time, under the severe water deficit treatment, The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and stomatal conductance (G_s) were significantly reduced. The regression analysis showed that the stomatal density was significantly negatively correlated with P_n and T_r, but had a significant positive correlation with the instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). (2) when the maize seedlings were subjected to the first water treatment, the maize plant was high under the severe water deficit. Total leaf area, aboveground and root biomass, T_r, G_s, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i), P_n, maximum net photosynthetic rate (A_ (max)), photosynthetic pigment content and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity were significantly reduced, but light compensation point, dark respiration rate and glycolate oxidase (GO) activity increased significantly. The content and relative conductivity of O2, H2O2 and malondialdehyde in leaves increased significantly, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), mono dehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased significantly, as the main osmotic regulator. Free amino acids, proline and soluble sugar content increased significantly. Moderate water deficit treatment also significantly reduced maize plant height, leaf area and aboveground biomass, but had no effect on root biomass, so the root and crown ratio increased, and the negative effect on photosynthetic parameters was not significant; moderate water deficit treatment on maize leaf membrane. The damage of the system was small and only caused a significant increase in the activity of MDHAR in the leaves. (3) after the drought treatment, the photosynthetic capacity of the maize could be treated with moderate and severe drought, and the above physiological and biochemical indexes and growth rates were restored to the normal water level, but the plant height and leaf surface were higher than the higher APX activity. The product did not recover to the control level. (4) when the maize was again subjected to water deficit treatment, the plant height, biomass and photosynthetic parameters were not significantly changed, but the leaf surface accumulation was significantly lower than that of the plants treated with only second moderate or severe drought treatments. T_r, G_s, C_i, P_n, A_ (max), apparent quantum efficiency, photosynthetic pigments content, PEPCase activity and GO activity significantly increased, but plant height, leaf area and biomass decreased significantly, leaf cell membrane permeability was significantly reduced, and the content of free amino acids increased significantly. The activity of key enzymes in reactive oxygen species, SOD, CAT, APX, MDHAR, and the activity were found. In summary, (1) drought stress caused the increase of stomatal density and small stomata in maize leaves, which was significantly negatively correlated with photosynthesis and transpiration of maize leaves, and had a significant positive correlation with WUEi. (2) the first severe water deficiency could significantly reduce photosynthetic capacity and growth of maize leaves and rehydration. The photosynthetic capacity and growth rate can be restored to the level of plant growth under normal water conditions, but the adverse effects of early drought on growth can not be eliminated. Moderate drought in the early stage can stimulate the growth of maize roots and significantly increase the root and crown ratio, which is beneficial to the ability to resist the two drought and keep the total biomass in the control water. Although the early severe drought treatment can improve the resistance of plants to two droughts by rapidly starting the antioxidant defense system and enhancing osmotic regulation, it can not compensate for the adverse effects of early drought treatment on growth. Therefore, in the production practice, if the drought resistance exercise is taken, it should be restricted to moderate drought level and avoid it. Severe drought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S513

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張瑞美;彭世彰;徐俊增;吳宏霞;;作物水分虧缺診斷研究進(jìn)展[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2006年02期

2 張憲政，，蘇正淑;作物水分虧缺傷害生理研究概況[J];沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1996年01期

3 王云奇;陶洪斌;趙麗曉;趙鑫;晉鵬宇;王存凱;王璞;;玉米對(duì)水分虧缺的響應(yīng)[J];玉米科學(xué);2014年02期

4 彭世彰;蔡敏;孔偉麗;徐俊增;金小平;宋靖;;不同生育階段水分虧缺對(duì)水稻干物質(zhì)與產(chǎn)量的影響[J];水資源與水工程學(xué)報(bào);2012年01期

5 Neil C.Turner;張曉勤;葉秦;;農(nóng)作物水分虧缺研究現(xiàn)狀及其測(cè)定技術(shù)進(jìn)展[J];麥類作物學(xué)報(bào);1990年05期

6 王石立，婁秀榮，沙奕卓;華北地區(qū)小麥水分虧缺狀況初探[J];應(yīng)用氣象學(xué)報(bào);1995年S1期

7 孫冠英;;水分虧缺應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)階段[J];內(nèi)蒙古科技與經(jīng)濟(jì);2013年18期

8 楊振偉，劉素云;氣象因子與梨葉片水分虧缺的相關(guān)分析[J];華北農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào);1994年01期

9 張寄陽(yáng),孟兆江,段愛(ài)旺,劉祖貴,陳金平,劉占東;莖直徑變化診斷棉花水分虧缺程度的試驗(yàn)研究[J];灌溉排水學(xué)報(bào);2005年02期

10 胡根海;;短期水分虧缺對(duì)百棉1號(hào)葉綠素含量的影響[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年06期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前8條

1 童德中;高秀萍;楊家洪;張勇強(qiáng);童兆平;;梨樹(shù)在自然水分虧缺下的生理反應(yīng)[A];中國(guó)園藝學(xué)會(huì)成立70周年紀(jì)念優(yōu)秀論文選編[C];1999年

2 郭正琴;王一鳴;楊紹輝;馮磊;楊衛(wèi)中;;作物水分虧缺信息的研究綜述[A];農(nóng)業(yè)工程科技創(chuàng)新與建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)——2005年中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集第二分冊(cè)[C];2005年

3 康西言;李春強(qiáng);高建華;王鑫;;河北省冬小麥水分虧缺量的變化研究[A];第26屆中國(guó)氣象學(xué)會(huì)年會(huì)農(nóng)業(yè)氣象防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與糧食安全分會(huì)場(chǎng)論文集[C];2009年

4 王熊軍;李伏生;曾黎明;陸文娟;銀秋玲;;水分虧缺和施肥對(duì)玉米干物質(zhì)積累和水分利用的影響[A];中國(guó)土壤學(xué)會(huì)第十一屆全國(guó)會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨第七屆海峽兩岸土壤肥料學(xué)術(shù)交流研討會(huì)論文集（中）[C];2008年

5 侯曉林;呂金印;山侖;;水分虧缺對(duì)小麥光合固碳及根系耗碳的影響[A];紀(jì)念殷宏章先生百年誕辰暨全國(guó)光合作用學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文摘要匯編[C];2008年

6 李木英;王竹青;曾蕾;石慶華;潘曉華;譚雪明;;后期水分虧缺和增N對(duì)雜交稻衰老過(guò)程中葉片光合功能的影響[A];2012年中國(guó)作物學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文摘要集[C];2012年

7 霍曉靜;楊世鳳;錢東平;唐娟;;作物水脅迫聲發(fā)射監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的研究及應(yīng)用[A];全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)：中國(guó)科技工作者的歷史責(zé)任——中國(guó)科協(xié)2003年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集（上）[C];2003年

8 王軍;黃冠華;鄭建華;賈冬冬;;不同生育期水分虧缺對(duì)甜瓜產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)影響研究[A];現(xiàn)代節(jié)水高效農(nóng)業(yè)與生態(tài)灌區(qū)建設(shè)（上）[C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前1條

1 楊少俊 武俊杰;淺說(shuō)作物限額灌溉[N];陜西科技報(bào);2006年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 趙文賽;玉米葉片氣孔發(fā)育對(duì)干旱的響應(yīng)以及重復(fù)干旱對(duì)玉米光合作用和抗旱性的影響[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2016年

2 李國(guó)臣;植物水運(yùn)移機(jī)理分析與溫室作物水分虧缺診斷方法的研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2005年

3 張衛(wèi)星;超級(jí)稻品種穗生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和灌漿結(jié)實(shí)對(duì)水分虧缺的響應(yīng)及其機(jī)理[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2008年

4 楊衛(wèi)兵;小麥多胺和乙烯合成對(duì)水分虧缺的響應(yīng)及其與籽粒灌漿特性的關(guān)系[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

5 楊玲;水分虧缺條件下旱稻根系發(fā)生發(fā)育及相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)分析[D];浙江大學(xué);2003年

6 趙麗英;小麥對(duì)水分虧缺的階段性反應(yīng)及其機(jī)制研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2005年

7 胡笑濤;溫室番茄局部控制灌溉節(jié)水調(diào)控機(jī)制與水分虧缺診斷[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 王允;不同生育期水分虧缺對(duì)盆栽棉花生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

2 徐愛(ài)華;水分虧缺對(duì)產(chǎn)量和水分吸收的影響[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

3 牛云慧;日光溫室番茄對(duì)水分虧缺的響應(yīng)研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

4 馬旭鳳;水分虧缺對(duì)玉米生理指標(biāo)、形態(tài)特性及解剖結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2010年

5 石喜;玉米水分虧缺的生理生化響應(yīng)及補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2009年

6 王熊軍;水分虧缺和施肥對(duì)玉米、大豆生長(zhǎng)和水分養(yǎng)分利用的影響[D];廣西大學(xué);2008年

7 陳靜靜;水分虧缺和施氮對(duì)作物生長(zhǎng)和氮素吸收的影響[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2011年

8 姜淑欣;水分虧缺對(duì)不同抗旱性小麥穗部光合及蔗糖合成代謝的影響[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2014年

9 白登忠;水分虧缺下番茄水分傳輸途徑和根冠大小對(duì)蒸騰和WUE的調(diào)控[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2003年

10 烏蘭;水分虧缺對(duì)馬鈴薯生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、激素變化及塊莖產(chǎn)量的影響[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

本文編號(hào)：2030592