本文選題：巨桉 + 重要性狀��； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：巨桉天然分布新南威爾士紐卡斯?fàn)�、昆士蘭中部班德堡以及昆士蘭北部麥凱、湯斯維爾和丹特里等沿�；蚪０兜貐^(qū),因其廣泛的適應(yīng)性和優(yōu)良加工利用特性,成為桉樹育種者首選育種材料。論文以2010年栽培的巨桉8個種源實(shí)驗(yàn)林為研究材料,根據(jù)核心種質(zhì)庫構(gòu)建理論,篩選主要性狀可以穩(wěn)定變異的100株為最終研究對象。系統(tǒng)地開展生長量、干形評價、葉片特征、木材材性、桉樹枝癭姬小蜂危害調(diào)查及評價、桉樹枝癭姬小蜂危害后相關(guān)酶活性測定、葉片含糖量、葉片揮發(fā)性化合物含量測定等研究;結(jié)合巨桉基因組高通量測序數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行性狀的全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析;利用桉樹枝癭姬小蜂危害調(diào)查評價材料,篩選3株高感、3株高抗無性繁殖材料,進(jìn)行桉樹枝癭姬小蜂抗性轉(zhuǎn)錄組研究;整合巨桉生理生化代謝產(chǎn)物和轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù),全面探索桉樹枝癭姬小蜂抗性機(jī)理。主要研究結(jié)論如下:1.巨桉生長量種源間差異不顯著,6年生樹高15.00~17.02m、枝下高6.83~8.70m、胸徑11.28~14.21cm、單株材積0.08~0.15m3、冠幅1.56~1.86m、通直度3.30~3.86、圓滿度2.20~3.21、分枝1.60~2.86、分枝角度47.69~62.50°;單株之間差異顯著,單株選擇有效,主成分分析篩選最優(yōu)良單株74號,得分1.6。2.巨桉種源基本密度在0.38~0.44g.cm-3范圍,平均0.42g.cm-3;導(dǎo)管比量在10.06-12.18%范圍,平均11.00%;薄壁組織比量在2.46%~2.55%范圍,平均2.51%;木射線比量在12.89~14.73%范圍,平均13.84%;木材纖維寬度在7.39~7.90μm范圍,平均7.62μm;木材纖維長度在891.81~976.36μm范圍,平均932.95μm;材纖維長寬比在107.02~181.40范圍,平均124.77;木材微纖絲角在16.22~18.48°范圍,平均17.42°。木材基本密度、薄壁組織比量、木纖維、纖維寬度、纖維長度、纖維長寬比均表現(xiàn)由髓心向樹皮處逐漸增大;薄壁組織比量、木射線比量和微纖絲角由髓心向樹皮處逐漸減小。3.桉樹枝癭姬小蜂危害調(diào)查,高感種源16892、17907、20555、20674各有2株,種源18146、20261和South Africa各1株,種源18705有4株;高抗單株41株。4.防御性酶在不同種源含量有差別,但不顯著;單株間PPO、CAT、POD酶活力差異顯著,SOD酶活力差異不顯著。葉綠素b含量在種源間和單株間差異均不顯著,葉綠素a和類胡蘿卜素含量在種源間差異不顯著;單株間差異顯著。5.桉樹葉揮發(fā)性成分主要成分單萜類化合物,化合物相對含量均在80%以上;單萜醇酯相對含量變化顯著,在6.27~11.79%范圍;種源18146、18705、20261和南非的揮發(fā)性成分—單萜醇酯相對含量在10%以上。17號單萜類化合物相對含量最大,達(dá)96.87%,主成分是α-蒎烯(57.94%)、γ-松油烯(22.80%)和對傘花烴(10.46%);96號單萜醇酯相對含量最多,達(dá)44.39%,主要成分是桉葉素(42.20%)、α-蒎烯(31.68%)和對傘花烴(16.52%)。6.巨桉主要性狀GWAS分析,與桉樹枝癭姬小蜂危害關(guān)聯(lián)的位點(diǎn)有15個SNP、51個基因定位在8條染色體框上,候選基因注釋與植物抗性、適應(yīng)脅迫環(huán)境、病害防御、呼吸及光合作用等有關(guān);與枝下高關(guān)聯(lián)到位點(diǎn)3個;比葉面積關(guān)聯(lián)到1個位點(diǎn);冠幅關(guān)聯(lián)到6個位點(diǎn);木材纖維比量關(guān)聯(lián)位點(diǎn)有4個。7.桉樹枝癭姬小蜂抗性轉(zhuǎn)錄組研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)579個差異表達(dá)基因,高感品系與高抗品系相比,360個基因發(fā)生上調(diào),219個基因表達(dá)下調(diào)。GO富集得到244個差異表達(dá)基因,富集基因最多的是防御反應(yīng)相關(guān)基因,包含有32個差異表達(dá)基因。GO富集層次分析中分子功能富集最顯著的8個節(jié)點(diǎn)分別為蛋白結(jié)合、倍半萜烯合酶活性、泛素蛋白連接酶結(jié)合、鳥苷酸環(huán)化酶活性、酶抑制劑的活性、組蛋白甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶活性、月桂烯合酶活性和羅勒烯合酶活性。8.桉樹枝癭姬小蜂整合研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)一種脂質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移酶(VAS)在高抗品系內(nèi)顯著表達(dá)下調(diào),與黃瓜、辣椒研究結(jié)果一致。桉樹TPS基因家族整理共包含92個成員,與擬南芥相比發(fā)生了顯著擴(kuò)張。高抗品系與高感品系相比,有13個EgrTPS基因的表達(dá)顯著上調(diào),14個基因的表達(dá)顯著下調(diào)。這些基因可能與桉樹抗蟲性的差異密切相關(guān),但其功能還有待進(jìn)一步的研究。
[Abstract]:The natural distribution of Eucalyptus grandis in New South Wales Newcastle, Bundaberg in central Queensland, and the coastal or near coastal areas of Mackay, Townsville and Danli, north of Queensland, has become the first choice breeding material for Eucalyptus breeders because of its extensive adaptability and excellent processing and utilization characteristics. In this paper, the experiment of Eucalyptus grandis in 2010 was the 8 provenance experiment of Eucalyptus Lin Weiyan. According to the construction theory of core germ plasm bank, 100 strains with stable variation can be selected as the final research object. Growth, dry shape evaluation, leaf characteristics, wood properties, damage investigation and evaluation of Eucalyptus gall wasp, determination of related enzyme activity, leaf sugar content and leaf volatilization after the harm of eucalyptus tree gall wasp were systematically carried out. Combined with high throughput sequencing data of Eucalyptus grandis genome, the whole genome association analysis was carried out with high throughput sequencing data of Eucalyptus grandis genome, and 3 high sensitivity and 3 highly resistant reproductive materials were screened by using Eucalyptus clad gall wasp hazard investigation and evaluation materials, and the resistance transcriptional group of eucalyptus tree gall wasp was studied, and the physiological and biochemical metabolism of Eucalyptus grandis was integrated. The main research conclusions are as follows: 1. the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla is not significant, the height of the growth of Eucalyptus grandis is not significant, the height of the tree is 15.00~17.02m, the height of the branch is 6.83~8.70m, the diameter of the breast is 11.28~14.21cm, the individual volume 0.08~0.15m3, the crown 1.56~1.86m, the straightness 3.30~3.86, the satisfactorily 2.20~3.21, branch 1.60~2.86, and the difference. The branch angle 47.69~62.50 degree was significant. The single plant selection was effective. The principal component analysis was used to select the best single plant No. 74. The basic density of the source of Eucalyptus grandis 1.6.2. was in the 0.38~0.44g.cm-3 range, the average 0.42g.cm-3; the catheter ratio was in the 10.06-12.18% range, with an average of 11%; the weight of the thin wall tissue was in the 2.46%~2.55% range, the average 2.51%; the wood ray ratio. The amount is in the range of 12.89~14.73%, with an average of 13.84%; the width of wood fiber is in the range of 7.39~7.90 mu m, with an average of 7.62 m; the length of wood fiber is in the range of 891.81~976.36 mu m, with an average of 932.95 mu m; the ratio of fiber length to width is 124.77, and the Wood Microfibril Angle is in the range of 16.22~18.48 degree, averaging 17.42 degrees, the basic density of wood and the specific parenchyma of the wood. Wood fiber, fiber width, fiber length, fiber length and width ratio increased gradually from pith to bark, and the ratio of parenchyma tissue, wood ray ratio and microfibril angle decreased from the pith to bark of.3. Eucalyptus. There were 2 strains of high sensitivity 16892179072055520674, 1 strains of seed 1814620261 and South Africa, There were 4 plants in 18705 species, and 41.4. resistant enzymes of high resistance single plant were different, but not significant. The activity of PPO, CAT, and POD was not significant, and the difference of SOD enzyme activity was not significant. The content of chlorophyll b was not significant between the sources and among the single plant. The difference of chlorophyll a and carotenoid content was not significant in the species source. The volatile components of.5. eucalyptus leaves were the main components of monoterpenoids, the relative content of the compounds were above 80%, and the relative content of monoterpene esters changed significantly in the 6.27~11.79% range; the relative content of the volatile components of the species 181461870520261 and South Africa, monoterpene ester, was the largest, and the relative content of the.17 monoterpenes was the largest, reaching 96. .87%, the main components are alpha pinene (57.94%), gamma pine oleene (22.80%) and parachute hydrocarbon (10.46%), and 96 mono terpterol ester (96), the main components are Eucalyptus (42.20%), alpha pinene (31.68%) and parachute hydrocarbon (16.52%) of Eucalyptus urophylla, which are related to the loci of the Eucalyptus gall wasp, 15 SNP and 51 genes. On the 8 chromosome frame, the candidate gene annotation and plant resistance, adaptation to stress environment, disease defense, respiration and photosynthesis, are related to the height of the branch height of 3; the specific leaf area is associated with 1 loci; the crown is associated with 6 loci; the wood fiber ratio site has 4.7. Eucalyptus crown gall wasp resistance transcriptional groups. 579 differentially expressed genes were found. Compared with high resistant strains, 360 genes were up-regulated and 244 genes were enriched by 219 down-regulation.GO. The most enriched genes were the defense response related genes, including the 8 nodes of 32 differentially expressed genes in the.GO enrichment level analysis. The integration of protein binding, half terpenoid synthase activity, ubiquitin protein ligase binding, guanosine cyclase activity, enzyme inhibitor activity, histone methyltransferase activity, laurenene synthase activity and.8. Eucalyptus clad gall wasp were integrated, and a kind of lipid transferase (VAS) was found to be expressed in high resistance strains. Down regulation was consistent with the results of cucumber and pepper studies. The TPS gene family of Eucalyptus contains 92 members. Compared with Arabidopsis, there were significant expansion. Compared with high susceptible strains, the expression of 13 EgrTPS genes was significantly up-regulated and the expression of 14 genes decreased significantly. These genes may be closely related to the difference of Eucalyptus resistance. But its function remains to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S792.39;S763.7

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