我國(guó)切花害蟲(chóng)甜菜夜蛾遺傳多樣性及遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)研究
本文選題:切花 + 甜菜夜蛾。 參考:《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文
【摘要】:近年來(lái),隨著全球氣候變暖以及我國(guó)花卉種植面積的不斷增加,危害我國(guó)切花花卉害蟲(chóng)種類逐漸增多、危害程度日趨嚴(yán)重、抗藥類別及抗性水平增強(qiáng),給我國(guó)切花花農(nóng)造成了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。其中,甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua是危害切花的一種重要的夜蛾科害蟲(chóng),如何對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效防控是切花害蟲(chóng)防治的一項(xiàng)重要工作。目前,鑒于我國(guó)危害切花的夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)種類難鑒定、甜菜夜蛾的種群發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)以及我國(guó)各主要發(fā)生危害區(qū)的蟲(chóng)源關(guān)系不明確,使得對(duì)甜菜夜蛾尚無(wú)系統(tǒng)、完善和有效的防治策略的實(shí)際問(wèn)題,本研究利用性信息素誘捕器對(duì)沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)切花害蟲(chóng)甜菜夜蛾的種群動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行為期四年的系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)(2012-2015年);利用DNA條形碼技術(shù)對(duì)采自我國(guó)切花上的夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行分子鑒定,以明確危害我國(guó)切花的夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)種類;與此同時(shí),利用不同分子標(biāo)記技術(shù),mtDNA基因(COI和Cytb)和微衛(wèi)星(SSR)對(duì)我國(guó)不同地理種群甜菜夜蛾的遺傳多樣性及種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行深入研究,在分子水平上探討甜菜夜蛾不同地理種群間的遺傳進(jìn)化關(guān)系,進(jìn)而為深入探討物種來(lái)源、種群發(fā)生規(guī)律及成災(zāi)遺傳機(jī)理提供理論基礎(chǔ)。最后,對(duì)我國(guó)不同地理種群甜菜夜蛾胞內(nèi)共生菌Wolbachia的分布與感染特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究,以明確宿主感染率及Wolbachia株系系統(tǒng)發(fā)育地位,為深入探討Wolbachia與宿主物種間進(jìn)化關(guān)系奠定基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)而為害蟲(chóng)的生物防治提供理論依據(jù)。主要獲得了以下研究結(jié)果:1.2012-2015年,沈陽(yáng)地區(qū)4年全年誘集到的甜菜夜蛾數(shù)量分別為46、274、503和772頭。2012年7月06日始見(jiàn)甜菜夜蛾發(fā)生,全年1個(gè)發(fā)生高峰期;2013年6月24日始見(jiàn)甜菜夜蛾發(fā)生,全年3個(gè)發(fā)生高峰期。10月末之后,甜菜夜蛾發(fā)生量銳減;2014年6月09日田間始見(jiàn)甜菜夜蛾發(fā)生,7月25日前,發(fā)生量較低,全年2個(gè)發(fā)生高峰期;與前3年相比較,2015年甜菜夜蛾發(fā)生量大,初春發(fā)生早,5月底始見(jiàn)田間甜菜夜蛾發(fā)生,全年3個(gè)發(fā)生高峰期。2.確定了危害我國(guó)切花上的5種夜蛾科害蟲(chóng),即甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua、棉鈴蟲(chóng)Helicoverpa armigera、甘藍(lán)夜蛾Mamestra brassicae、斜紋夜蛾Spodoptera litura以及粘蟲(chóng)Mythimna separate。基于COI基因序列的這5種夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)種間平均遺傳距離為0.093,種內(nèi)平均遺傳距離為0.0018。其中,斜紋夜蛾與甜菜夜蛾之間的遺傳距離最小為0.066。斜紋夜蛾與棉鈴蟲(chóng)之間遺傳距離最大為0.107。與之相比較,5種花卉夜蛾科害蟲(chóng)幼蟲(chóng)Cytb基因序列的種間平均遺傳距離為0.110,種內(nèi)平均遺傳距離為0.002。其中,斜紋夜蛾與甜菜夜蛾間遺傳距離最小為0.084。甜菜夜蛾與甘藍(lán)夜蛾間遺傳距離最大為0.138。3.利用mtDNA COI序列(578 bp)和Cytb序列(724 bp)分別對(duì)采自我國(guó)20省44縣(市)和47縣(市)的甜菜夜蛾遺傳多樣性和遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究。總體上,我國(guó)甜菜夜蛾遺傳多樣性較低(COI:Hd=0.276±0.020,Pi=0.00115±0.00014;Cytb:Hd=0.654± 0.017,Pi=0.00238±0.00020).分別確定了41和112個(gè)單倍型。各單倍型未形成明顯的系統(tǒng)地理格局,散布在不同的地理種群中;贑OI基因的我國(guó)甜菜夜蛾不同地理種群間的平均遺傳距離為0.001,懷化(HH)種群與其他48個(gè)地理種群遺傳距離最遠(yuǎn)。與之相比較,基于Cytb基因的我國(guó)甜菜夜蛾不同地理種群間的平均遺傳距離為0.003,總體上,TL(通遼)、NJ(南京市)和BD(保定)種群與其它地理種群遺傳距離遠(yuǎn)。另外,Mantel test檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,地理距離與遺傳距離存在相關(guān)性,地理隔離對(duì)甜菜夜蛾遺傳分化無(wú)顯著影響。分子變異分析(global AMOVA)結(jié)果表明,我國(guó)不同地理種群甜菜夜蛾遺傳變異主要來(lái)自于種群內(nèi)部(COI:77.14%;Cytb:84.86%),種群間的遺傳變異水平較低。不同的地理?xiàng)l件與氣候條件并不是影響甜菜夜蛾種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)與物種分布格局的主要因素。中性檢驗(yàn)參數(shù)(Tajima's D和Fu's FS)皆為負(fù)值,且達(dá)到顯著差異水平,結(jié)合單峰錯(cuò)配分布(Mismatch distribution)結(jié)果表明,甜菜夜蛾在我國(guó)曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)種群擴(kuò)張。4.利用SSR對(duì)采自我國(guó)20省44縣(市)甜菜夜蛾地理種群916頭甜菜夜蛾的遺傳多樣性的研究結(jié)果表明,總體上遺傳多樣性偏低,即等位基因(Na)為5.909,有效等位基因數(shù)(Ne)為3.351。KM(昆明)種群具有最高遺傳多樣性。UPGMA聚類分析樹(shù)狀圖結(jié)果表明,LY(凌源)、HH(懷化)、GL(桂林)、DA(?)與其他地理種群遺傳距離較遠(yuǎn)。TA(泰安)、WH(武漢)和DA(?)種群與其他種群存在顯著的遺傳分化,大部分種群間遺傳分化不顯著。貝葉斯聚類分析表明,當(dāng)K=2時(shí),甜菜夜蛾種群明顯分為兩支,即ocean(S group)和inland(L group)。但是,表現(xiàn)出高水平的混雜、廣泛的雜合和充分的基因流。Mantel Test分析表明地理距離對(duì)甜菜夜蛾遺傳分化沒(méi)有顯著的影響。分子變異分析(global AMOVA)結(jié)果表明,95.53%遺傳變異主要發(fā)生在種群內(nèi),而種群間的變異僅為4.47%。分子變異等級(jí)分析(hierarchical AMOVA)結(jié)果表明,0.16%遺傳變異來(lái)源于組間,3.91%來(lái)源于此兩組的種群間。5.利用wsp對(duì)我國(guó)甜菜夜蛾胞內(nèi)共生菌Wolbachia進(jìn)行感染率檢測(cè)與系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析。研究結(jié)果表明,內(nèi)共生菌Wolbachia在我國(guó)不同地理種群的甜菜夜蛾體內(nèi)感染率極低,在所檢測(cè)的我國(guó)20省44縣(市)的765頭甜菜夜蛾樣品中,僅僅WF種群(江蘇鹽城市大豐市)感染了Wolbachia,并且,確定其株系屬于Supergroup B組。說(shuō)明,該類內(nèi)共生菌在不同地理種群的甜菜夜蛾中感染率極低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing of global warming and the growing area of flower planting in China, the species of flower pests in China are increasing, the damage degree is becoming more and more serious, the anti drug category and the resistance level have been strengthened, which have caused serious economic losses to the flower flower farmers in China. In this case, the Spodoptera exigua of the beet armyworm is one of the harm to cut flowers. It is an important work to prevent and control the important pests of noctura noctura. At present, in view of the difficult identification of the larva species of the nocturnal insect pests in China, the population dynamics of the beet armyworm and the relationship between the main harmful regions of our country are not clear, so there is no system for the beet nocturnal moth. In this study, the population dynamics of the Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera in Shenyang area was monitored for four years (2012-2015 years) by using sex pheromone trap, and the DNA barcode technique was used to identify the larvae of the nocturnal insect pests on the cut flower of China, in order to harm our country clearly. At the same time, using different molecular markers, mtDNA gene (COI and Cytb) and microsatellite (SSR), the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera were studied, and the genetic relationship between different geographic populations of the Spodoptera Spodoptera was discussed at the molecular level. In order to explore the origin of species, the regularity of population generation and the genetic mechanism of disaster, the distribution of Wolbachia and the characteristics of the infection of the intracellular symbiotic bacteria of the Spodoptera Spodoptera in China were studied in order to clarify the infection rate of the host and the phylogenetic status of the Wolbachia strain, so as to explore the interrelationship between the Wolbachia and the host species. The relationship laid the foundation and provided the theoretical basis for the biological control of the pests. The following results were obtained. In 1.2012-2015, the number of beet armyworm luring in the year of 4 years in Shenyang was 46274503 and 772 of.2012 year July, the beet armyworm occurred on 06 days, 1 peaks in the whole year. In June 24, 2013, the sweet Spodoptera was sweet. The occurrence of Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera was found at the end of the 3 peak period of.10 month, and the occurrence of beet Spodoptera Spodoptera was sharply reduced. On the 09 day of June 2014, the occurrence of beet armyworm was found in the field. Before July 25th, the occurrence of the Spodoptera Spodoptera was lower and 2 had the peak period of the year. Compared with the previous 3 years, the occurrence of beet armyworm in 2015 was large, early spring occurred early, and the field beet armyworm occurred in the end of May, and the occurrence of beet armyworm was seen in the end of May, The 3 peak.2. of the year confirmed the 5 species of nocturnal insect pests on Chinese cut flowers, namely, Spodoptera exigua of beet armyworm, Helicoverpa armigera of cotton bollworm, Mamestra brassicae of nocturnal moth, Spodoptera litura of Spodoptera Spodoptera, and Mythimna separate. based on the sequence of COI base among the 5 larvae of nocturnal pests The genetic distance was 0.093 and the intraspecific average genetic distance was 0.0018.. The genetic distance between the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the beet armyworm was the smallest between 0.066. and cotton bollworm, and the maximum genetic distance was 0.107. compared with that of the cotton bollworm. The average interspecific genetic distance of the Cytb gene sequence of the 5 species of the insect larvae was 0.110, and the intraspecific inheritance of the genetic distance was 0.110. The distance is 0.002., the genetic distance between the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the beet armyworm is the smallest, the largest genetic distance between the 0.084. beet armyworm and the Spodoptera Spodoptera is 0.138.3. using mtDNA COI sequence (578 BP) and Cytb sequence (724 BP) to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Spodoptera Spodoptera in 20 provinces and 44 counties (cities) and 47 counties (cities) of China. In vivo, the genetic diversity of Spodoptera exigua was low (COI:Hd=0.276 + 0.020, Pi=0.00115 + 0.00014; Cytb:Hd=0.654 + 0.017, Pi=0.00238 + 0.00020). 41 and 112 haplotypes were identified respectively. Each haplotype did not form a distinct geographic pattern and distributed in different geographic populations. The different geography of Chinese beet armyworm based on COI gene The average genetic distance between the population is 0.001, the Huaihua (HH) population is the farthest from the other 48 geographical populations. Compared with the Cytb gene, the average genetic distance between the different geographical populations of the beet armyworm is 0.003. In general, the TL (Tongliao), the NJ (Nanjing) and the BD (Baoding) population are far from the other geographical populations. The results of Mantel test test showed that there was a correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance, and geographical isolation had no significant influence on the genetic differentiation of beet armyworm. The results of molecular variation analysis (global AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation of Spodoptera Spodoptera from different geographic populations mainly came from the intra species (COI:77.14%; Cytb:84.86%), and the inheritance between populations. Different geographic conditions and climatic conditions were not the main factors affecting the genetic structure and species distribution pattern of the beet armyworm population. The neutral test parameters (Tajima's D and Fu's FS) were negative and reached significant differences. The result of single peak mismatch distribution (Mismatch distribution) showed that the beet armyworm was in our country. The genetic diversity of the 916 beet Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera from 20 provinces and 44 counties of China was studied with population expansion.4.. The genetic diversity of the Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera Spodoptera showed that the genetic diversity was low, that is, the allele (Na) was 5.909 and the number of effective alleles (Ne) was the highest genetic diversity.UPGMA cluster in 3.351.KM (Kunming) population. The dendrogram showed that the genetic distance between LY (Lingyuan), HH (Huaihua), GL (Guilin), DA (Haikou) and other geographical populations was far from.TA (Tai'an), WH (Wuhan) and DA (Haikou) population and other populations had significant genetic differentiation, and the genetic differentiation between most of the populations was not significant. The Bayesian cluster analysis showed that when K=2, the beet armyworm population was obviously divided into two groups. Two, ocean (S group) and inland (L group). However, the high level of hybrid, extensive heterozygosity and full gene flow.Mantel Test analysis showed that the geographical distance had no significant effect on the genetic differentiation of the beet armyworm. The results of molecular variation analysis (global AMOVA) showed that the 95.53% genetic variation mainly occurred in the population and between the population. The variation is only 4.47%. molecular variation grade analysis (hierarchical AMOVA). The results show that 0.16% genetic variation comes from intergroup and 3.91% from the two groups of.5. using WSP to detect the infection rate and phylogenetic analysis of the intracellular symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia of the Spodoptera exigua. The results show that the endosonde Wolbachia is not in China. The infection rate of the Spodoptera Spodoptera was very low in the same geographical population. In the samples of 765 beet armyworm in 20 provinces and 44 counties of China, only WF population (Dafeng City, Yancheng City, Jiangsu) infected Wolbachia, and it was determined that the strains belonged to group Supergroup B. It indicated that the infection rate of this kind of endophytic bacteria in the beet armyworm in different geographic populations was extremely high. Low.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:S436.8
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8 戴率善;李宗冠;李艷紅;李翠芹;仇保華;張英;;徐州地區(qū)甜菜夜蛾的發(fā)生規(guī)律及治理對(duì)策[A];植病、昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)會(huì)通訊3[C];2002年
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10 施文賢;侯耀國(guó);吳梅;周麗花;倪偉峰;;甜菜夜蛾成蟲(chóng)監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)及在防治上的應(yīng)用[A];江蘇省昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)會(huì)第十一屆會(huì)員代表大會(huì)暨學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文匯編[C];2004年
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