本文選題：污染場地 + 有機氯農(nóng)藥　； 參考：《清華大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)污染場地污染特征的識別對于設計、實施及評價土壤污染治理具有重要的基礎意義。本文系統(tǒng)研究了農(nóng)藥廠搬遷場地土壤環(huán)境中的有機氯農(nóng)藥等典型有機類污染物的賦存特征,揭示了有機氯農(nóng)藥污染生物學特性、土著植物根圍和根際效應及其與環(huán)境因子之間的關系,考察了不同生物強化過程中土壤中HCHs/DDTs去除效果及微生物群落結構的動態(tài)演化。本研究中,在污染表層土壤中檢測出18種有機氯農(nóng)藥,其中HCHs和DDTs檢出率為100%,其最高濃度為國家標準4-5個數(shù)量級,植物組織樣品中的HCHs和DDTs的檢出率在95%以上。根圍土壤中污染物的濃度顯著低于裸露土壤,差別為1-2個數(shù)量級。污染物沿土壤剖面分布的分析結果表明DDTs和HCHs存在深層遷移的風險。測定了有機氯污染土壤樣品中的土壤酶活、功能基因(lin A和RDH-like)、微生物群落結構及多樣性,結果表明:土壤中的微生物群落結構和多樣性隨著污染水平的升高而降低;同一污染水平下植物生長促進了微生物多樣性;lin A基因的豐度隨著污染水平升高而提高;植物根際區(qū)RDH-like和lin A基因的豐度為裸露土壤的3倍。采用多元統(tǒng)計分析方法確定了污染土壤中微生物群落和多樣性的特征,揭示了HCHs和DDTs、土壤理化因子和植物生長等對不同采樣點的土壤微生物群落的影響規(guī)律。采用微生物與植物協(xié)同降解有機氯農(nóng)藥,考察了不同實驗條件下的降解效果以及土壤中微生物群落的演化特征。經(jīng)過90天的降解,土壤中HCHs和DDTs最高去除率分別達到81%和85%左右。對微生物群落結構、多樣性、Kocuria sp.P5和lin A基因的分析結果表明植物生長區(qū)形成了獨特的微生物類群,說明農(nóng)藥污染和環(huán)境脅迫對微生物群落結構的重塑性具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:The identification of the pollution characteristics of industrial pollution sites is of fundamental significance for the design, implementation and evaluation of soil pollution control.In this paper, the occurrence characteristics of typical organic pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides in the soil environment of the relocation site of the agricultural pharmaceutical factory were systematically studied, and the biological characteristics of organochlorine pesticide pollution were revealed.The effects of root circumference and rhizosphere of indigenous plants and their relationship with environmental factors were studied. The removal efficiency of HCHs/DDTs in soil and the dynamic evolution of microbial community structure during different biofortification were investigated.In this study, 18 organochlorine pesticides were detected in contaminated topsoil. The detectable rate of HCHs and DDTs was 100 and the highest concentration was 4-5 orders of magnitude of national standard. The detection rate of HCHs and DDTs in plant tissue samples was more than 95%.The concentration of pollutants in root soil was significantly lower than that in exposed soil, with a difference of 1-2 orders of magnitude.The distribution of pollutants along soil profile showed that DDTs and HCHs had the risk of deep migration.The soil enzyme activity, the functional genes of catalin-A and RDH-like, the structure and diversity of microbial community in organochlorine contaminated soil samples were determined. The results showed that the structure and diversity of soil microbial community decreased with the increase of soil pollution level.Under the same pollution level, plant growth promoted the abundance of RDH-like A gene in microbial diversity, and the abundance of RDH-like and lin A genes in the rhizosphere of plants increased with the increase of pollution level. The abundance of RDH-like and lin A genes in the rhizosphere was 3 times higher than that in exposed soil.The characteristics of microbial community and diversity in polluted soil were determined by multivariate statistical analysis, and the effects of HCHs and DDTs, soil physicochemical factors and plant growth on soil microbial community at different sampling points were revealed.The biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by microbes and plants was studied under different experimental conditions and the evolution characteristics of microbial communities in soil were studied.After 90 days of degradation, the highest removal rates of HCHs and DDTs in soil reached 81% and 85% respectively.The analysis of microbial community structure, Kocuria sp.P5 and lin A gene showed that the plant growth region formed a unique microbial community, indicating that pesticide pollution and environmental stress play an important role in the remodeling of microbial community structure.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X592

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