本文選題：草莓灰霉病菌　切入點(diǎn)：鑒定　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：草莓灰霉病是草莓上的一種重要病害,危害嚴(yán)重、影響范圍廣泛,是導(dǎo)致草莓產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量降低的主要因素。本研究對(duì)引起草莓灰霉病的病原菌種類進(jìn)行了鑒定,并對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)種灰葡萄孢的菌落特征、轉(zhuǎn)座因子類型、交配型、致病力、對(duì)常用殺菌劑的抗性以及種群遺傳多樣性等方面進(jìn)行了研究和分析,取得研究結(jié)果如下：1.從我國(guó)遼寧、河北、北京、安徽、四川和新疆6個(gè)省市自治區(qū)的草莓種植區(qū)采集分離到了255株灰霉病菌,綜合形態(tài)學(xué)、Bc-hch基因的多位點(diǎn)酶切分析以及基于G3PDH, HSP60和RPB2的單基因和多基因系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析的結(jié)果,表明我國(guó)草莓灰霉病的病原菌包括至少3個(gè)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育種：B. cinerea、B. sinoviticola和B. pelargoniio其中,B. cinerea是嚴(yán)格意義上的灰葡萄孢并且是絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)種,而B. sinoviticola和B. pelargonii是首次在我國(guó)草莓寄主上發(fā)現(xiàn),草莓是其在國(guó)內(nèi)的新記錄寄主。這是國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)來(lái)自寄主植物草莓上的灰葡萄孢種群組成的首次研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)。2.對(duì)B. cinerea和B. sinoviticola的代表菌株的菌落培養(yǎng)性狀、菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率、分生孢子大小、產(chǎn)孢量、致病力和對(duì)環(huán)酰菌胺的敏感性進(jìn)行了測(cè)定和比較。結(jié)果顯示,B. sinoviticola的菌株與B. cinerea相比,菌核體積小,數(shù)量多,分布密集；分生孢子長(zhǎng)；對(duì)草莓葉片的致病力弱；兩個(gè)種的菌株菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率和產(chǎn)孢量差異不大,對(duì)環(huán)酰菌胺均表現(xiàn)敏感。3.對(duì)采自我國(guó)新疆、遼寧、河北、北京、安徽和四川6個(gè)草莓主產(chǎn)區(qū)的251株灰葡萄孢(B. cinerea)菌株的轉(zhuǎn)座子類型、交配型、菌落及菌核形態(tài)、致病力以及對(duì)常見(jiàn)殺菌劑的抗性進(jìn)行了分析。所有菌株的菌落形態(tài)有菌絲型、孢子型和菌核型,以菌核型為主。轉(zhuǎn)座子類型存在transposa、vacuma、boty和flipper四種,transposa類型的菌株最多,占61.7%。存在MAT1-1和MAT1-2兩種交配型,總體比例符合1：1。對(duì)草莓葉片的致病力分為弱致病力、中等致病力和強(qiáng)致病力,以中等致病力為主。根據(jù)菌株對(duì)多菌靈(Car)、腐霉利(Pro)和乙霉威(Die)的抗性和敏感性,共出現(xiàn)了8種表型,其中對(duì)多菌靈、腐霉利表現(xiàn)敏感但對(duì)乙霉威表現(xiàn)抗性的菌株最多,占28.3%。不同灰葡萄孢菌株表型特征差異明顯,從而反映了我國(guó)草莓灰葡萄孢多樣性豐富。4.采用SSR分子標(biāo)記對(duì)灰葡萄孢的群體遺傳多樣性進(jìn)行了研究。根據(jù)地理來(lái)源將所有菌株分為6個(gè)群體,基于SSR分析,共檢測(cè)出165種多位點(diǎn)基因型,6個(gè)群體的平均基因多樣性指數(shù)和平均基因型多樣性指數(shù)分別為0.662和0.994,每個(gè)群體均存在豐富的基因型多樣性及高水平的遺傳多樣性。PCoA分析將所有菌株分為2大遺傳類群,其中河北的群體聚為一類,其余群體聚為一類。分子方差分析(AMOVA)發(fā)現(xiàn)群體內(nèi)遺傳變異為主,占總變異的97%。根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)指數(shù)IA推測(cè)群體內(nèi)以無(wú)性繁殖為主。群體間的遺傳固定指數(shù)Rst在0.002-0.07之間,群體間存在較低到中等程度的遺傳分化。
[Abstract]:Strawberry grey mold is an important disease on strawberry, which is harmful and has a wide range of effects. It is the main factor leading to the decrease of strawberry yield and quality. The colony characteristics, transposable factor type, mating type, pathogenicity, resistance to common fungicides and genetic diversity of population were studied and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. 255 strains of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from strawberry growing areas in Hebei, Beijing, Anhui, Sichuan and Xinjiang provinces and autonomous regions. The results of multilocus digestion of Bc-hch gene and single gene and polygenic phylogenetic analysis based on G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2 were summarized. The results showed that the pathogens of strawberry grey mold in China included at least three phylogenetic species: B. cinereaB. sinoviticola and B. pelargoniio. B. cinerea was a strictly dominant species of Grapevine, and B. sinoviticola and B. pelargonii were first found on strawberry hosts in China. Strawberry is a new record host in China. This is the first study on the population composition of Grapevine from the host plant strawberry in China. 2.The colony culture characters and mycelium growth rate of the representative strains of B. cinerea and B. sinoviticola were studied and discovered. The conidial size, sporulation, pathogenicity and sensitivity to cyclosporine were determined and compared. The results showed that the sclerotia of B. sinoviticola was smaller, more abundant and more dense than that of B. cinerea, and the conidia were long. The mycelium growth rate and sporulation quantity of the two strains were not different, and they were sensitive to cyanoamides. They were collected from Xinjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, China. The transposon type, mating type, colony and sclerotia morphology, pathogenicity and resistance to common fungicides of 251 strains from 6 strawberry producing areas of Anhui and Sichuan were analyzed. The transpospore type and sclerotia type, the transposavacumaboty type and the flipper transposa type were the most common, accounting for 61.7%. There were two mating types, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, and the overall ratio was 1: 1.The pathogenicity of strawberry leaves was divided into weak pathogenicity. According to the resistance and sensitivity of the strains to carbendazim Caranum, Propion and Diedil), there were 8 phenotypes, including carbendazim, carbendazim, carbendazim, carbendazim. The phenotypic characteristics of different Grapevine strains were significantly different from those of Pythium spp, but resistant to ethidium ethylpyrrolidis was the most, accounting for 28.3%. The results showed that the diversity of Chinese strawberry grapevine spores was rich. 4. The genetic diversity of the species was studied by SSR molecular marker. All the strains were divided into 6 populations according to their geographical sources, and the results were based on SSR analysis. A total of 165 multiloci genotypes were detected. The average genetic diversity index and average genotype diversity index of 6 populations were 0.662 and 0.994, respectively. Each population had abundant genotypic diversity and high genetic diversity. PCoA. All the strains were divided into two major genetic groups. Among them, the population of Hebei was clustered into one group, and the other populations were clustered into one class. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) found that genetic variation was dominant in the population. According to the correlation index IA, asexual reproduction was the main factor in the population. The genetic fixed index (Rst) of the populations was between 0.002-0.07, and there was low to moderate genetic differentiation among the populations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S436.68

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 范詠梅;陳林鳳;郝敬U，

本文編號(hào)：1698384