本文選題：番茄　切入點：弱光　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國設施蔬菜以冬半年生產(chǎn)為多,而北方冬半年有較長的弱光期,影響蔬菜生長發(fā)育,特別是近年來霧霾天氣增多,更增加了弱光程度及持續(xù)天數(shù),嚴重降低了蔬菜作物的光合能力,制約了設施蔬菜的高效生產(chǎn)。因此,研究弱光影響設施蔬菜光合作用的調(diào)控及其機理,對于生產(chǎn)上調(diào)控蔬菜弱光生育障礙,保證弱光期設施蔬菜高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)栽培具有重要的意義。本文在本團隊前期研究的基礎上,以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)'W'品系為試材,研究了外源鈣緩解弱光對番茄葉片類囊體膜蛋白和葉綠素代謝基因的影響及其機理,為應用鈣素制劑調(diào)節(jié)設施番茄弱光逆境障礙提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.明確了外源鈣顯著緩解弱光導致番茄葉片光合系統(tǒng)活性的降低。研究表明,弱光顯著降低了番茄葉片的凈光合速率Pn、PSⅡ最大量子產(chǎn)量Y(Ⅱ)及電子傳遞速率ETR(Ⅱ)、PSⅠ最大光化學效率Pm、PSⅠ最大量子產(chǎn)量Y(Ⅰ)、PSⅡ到PSⅠ中間體的電子和能量傳遞;而顯著增加PSⅡ非光化學效率[Y(NPQ)]、PSⅡ光化學效率[Y(NO)]、激發(fā)壓以及PSⅠ供體側(cè)量子效率[Y(ND)]。這表明弱光降低PSⅡ和PSⅠ的光化學效率,導致光系統(tǒng)QA-QB和PSⅠ-Fd抑制。外源鈣則顯著增加Pn、Y(Ⅱ)、ETR(Ⅱ)與Y(Ⅰ),降低了激發(fā)壓及能量耗散,表明外源鈣減輕弱光對光合系統(tǒng)的抑制,顯著提高了光合效率。2.明確了外源鈣調(diào)控弱光下番茄葉片類囊體膜光合作用相關(guān)蛋白的種類及功能。利用藍綠溫和電泳(BN-PAGE)及聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)對弱光及鈣處理的番茄葉片類囊體膜蛋白復合體及亞基進行分離鑒定。結(jié)果表明,弱光引起番茄葉片28個類囊體膜蛋白亞基顯著差異表達,包括PSⅡ和PSⅠ反應中心、細胞色素、ATP亞基等17種蛋白質(zhì)。其中響應弱光逆境、且受鈣調(diào)控的蛋白亞基為Cab1D(8)、Cab1B(9)、PsaD(19,20,2,3)、PsaC(21)、PsbE(23)、PsbD(27)。進一步研究表明,17個類囊體蛋白參與4種番茄生理生化反應途徑,代謝途徑(16個蛋白,94.1%)、光合作用途徑(13個蛋白,76.5%)、氧化磷酸化途徑(4個蛋白,82.4%)和光合天線蛋白(2個,11.8%)。參與光合作用的蛋白包括PsbB、PsbC、PsbD、PsbE、PsaA、PsaC、PsaD、PsaL、PetA、ATP-α、ATP-β和ATP-γ。通過對17個類囊體蛋白互作進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在最終PPⅠ網(wǎng)絡中一共有16個節(jié)點,55條連線,可預測網(wǎng)絡中未表征蛋白的功能。3.明確了外源鈣調(diào)控葉綠素合成和分解代謝途徑中關(guān)鍵酶基因的表達。結(jié)果表明,弱光處理條件下,游離鈣離子濃度顯著降低,鈣離子受體基因CAM及CDPK表達顯著降低,葉綠素合成代謝基因HEMs,CLHs,PORs表達顯著降低,分解代謝基因CLH1與PPH、PAO表達顯著增加;而鈣處理顯著增加游離鈣離子濃度、鈣調(diào)蛋白以及葉綠素合成代謝基因的表達水平,降低了降解代謝基因的表達。以上分析表明,鈣信號傳導增強了弱光下番茄葉綠素合成代謝基因的表達,促進番茄葉片葉綠素的合成,而降低了葉綠素的降解。
[Abstract]:In our country, more vegetables are produced in winter and half a year in winter, while in northern winter, there is a long period of low light, which affects the growth and development of vegetables, especially the increase of haze weather in recent years, and the increase of the degree of low light and the days of duration. The photosynthesis ability of vegetable crops is seriously reduced, and the efficient production of protected vegetables is restricted. Therefore, the study on the regulation and mechanism of photosynthesis of greenhouse vegetables under low light condition is aimed at regulating the low light growth barrier of vegetables in production. It is of great significance to guarantee the high yield and high quality cultivation of protected vegetables in low light period. Based on the previous study of our team, the strain of Lycopersicon esculentum Milli W' was used as the material. The effects and mechanism of exogenous calcium on thylakoid membrane protein and chlorophyll metabolism genes in tomato leaves were studied. The main results are as follows: 1. The main results are as follows: 1. It is clear that exogenous calcium significantly alleviates the decrease of photosynthetic system activity in tomato leaves caused by weak light. The net photosynthetic rate (PN PS 鈪，

本文編號：1643329