本文選題：橘小實(shí)蠅　切入點(diǎn)：幾何形態(tài)測(cè)量學(xué)　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：橘小實(shí)蠅Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel),隸屬于雙翅目Diptera、實(shí)蠅科Tephritidae、果實(shí)蠅屬Bactrocera,是全球廣泛關(guān)注的重要果蔬害蟲(chóng)。在我國(guó),果實(shí)蠅屬被列為進(jìn)境檢疫性有害生物,橘小實(shí)蠅被列為國(guó)家重點(diǎn)管理的外來(lái)入侵物種。2014年,入侵果實(shí)蠅B.invadens Drew TsurutaWhite、木瓜實(shí)蠅B.papayae DrewHancock 以及菲律賓實(shí)蠅B.philippinen is DrewHancock被證明與橘小實(shí)蠅為同一物種,該物種的分布范圍從非洲跨越亞洲直到太平洋地區(qū),本研究在"四合一"的新背景下在全球的大尺度分布范圍內(nèi)研究了橘小實(shí)蠅的種群結(jié)構(gòu)、定殖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及潛在分布,主要方法、結(jié)果與結(jié)論如下:(1)利用翅的幾何形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)橘小實(shí)蠅的六個(gè)組群,63個(gè)地理種群1216個(gè)個(gè)體的種群結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明橘小實(shí)蠅的翅形結(jié)構(gòu)差異不明顯,中國(guó)中部組群翅的質(zhì)心大小最大,南亞組群翅的質(zhì)心大小最小。(2)利用微衛(wèi)星分子標(biāo)記對(duì)橘小實(shí)蠅的六個(gè)組群,63個(gè)地理種群2867個(gè)個(gè)體的種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明橘小實(shí)蠅的亞洲種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)差異不明顯,橘小實(shí)蠅可能起源于印度,非洲的新入侵種群可能也來(lái)源于印度,中國(guó)中部地區(qū)的新入侵組群表現(xiàn)出了較高的遺傳多樣性說(shuō)明不是單次入侵的結(jié)果。(3)利用SOM工具對(duì)全球177種重要經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)蠅在118個(gè)國(guó)家的定殖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行研究并篩選出橘小實(shí)蠅在尚未分布國(guó)家的定殖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)排序,結(jié)果表明橘小實(shí)蠅在尚未定殖的大部分國(guó)家表現(xiàn)出了較高的定殖可能性,在亞洲的日本、也門,非洲的佛得角、馬達(dá)加斯加、馬拉維,南美洲的智利、烏拉圭,以及大洋洲的澳大利亞,橘小實(shí)蠅在177種實(shí)蠅中的定殖概率均排在第一位,而且地理臨近的國(guó)家通常具有相似的實(shí)蠅集合體,更應(yīng)嚴(yán)加防范。(4)利用生態(tài)位模型Maxent對(duì)橘小實(shí)蠅在當(dāng)前以及未來(lái)(2050年以及2070年)的RCP2.6以及RCP8.5的情景下的潛在地理分布進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明橘小實(shí)蠅在當(dāng)前的潛在分布范圍除已有分布的亞洲太平洋地區(qū)、非洲地區(qū)外,美國(guó)的西部沿岸地區(qū)、東南部地區(qū),中美洲以及南美洲的大部分地區(qū),歐洲的地中海沿岸的部分地區(qū)以及澳洲的北部及沿海地區(qū)、新西蘭的北島部分地區(qū)也是該物種的適生區(qū),而且隨著氣候變化,溫室氣體二氧化碳類似物的排放量增加,橘小實(shí)蠅在全球的適生范圍會(huì)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)張,適生區(qū)的適生程度也有所提高。(5)根據(jù)以上研究成果,美國(guó)的西北部、東南部地區(qū),中美洲以及南美洲的大部分地區(qū),歐洲的地中海沿岸以及中北部地區(qū),中國(guó)的北部地區(qū),澳大利亞的北部以及沿海地區(qū),新西蘭的北島地區(qū)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)針對(duì)橘小實(shí)蠅的入侵防控措施,防止其進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散和危害。本研究為全球橘小實(shí)蠅入侵防控措施的制定提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持,具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:Bactrocera dorsalis Hendelus, belonging to Diptera, Tephritidaeae, is one of the most important fruit and vegetable pests in the world. In 2014, B. invadens Drew Tsuruta White, B.papayae DrewHancock and B.philippinen is DrewHancock were found to be the same species. The species is distributed from Africa to Asia to the Pacific. In this study, the population structure, colonization risk and potential distribution of small fruit fly were studied in the new background of "four-in-one". Methods: the main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) using the geometric morphology of wings, the population structure of 1216 individuals in 6 groups and 63 geographical populations of the fruit fly was studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the wing structure of the fly. The centroid size was the largest in central China and the smallest in South Asia group.) the genetic structure of six populations and 63 geographic populations of Citrus fruticosa was studied by using microsatellite molecular markers. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the genetic structure of the Asian population of the fruit fly. The fruit fly probably originated from India, and the new invasive population of Africa may also come from India. The high genetic diversity of the new invasive populations in central China shows that it is not the result of a single invasion.) the colonization risk of 177 important economic fly species in 118 countries was studied by using SOM tool. The sequence of colonization risks of small fruit flies in countries not yet distributed, The results showed that the fruit fly had a higher colonization possibility in most of the countries that had not colonized, in Japan, Yemen, Cape Verde, Madagascar, Malawi, Chile, Uruguay, South America, in Asia, in Yemen, in Africa, in Cape Verde, Madagascar, Malawi, in South America, in Chile, Uruguay, in South America. And in Australia, Oceania, the probability of colonization of small orange flies in 177 species is the highest, and neighbouring countries often have similar collections of fruit flies. The niche model Maxent was used to study the potential geographical distribution of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 in the current and future (2050 and 2070) scenarios. The results show that the current potential distribution of the fruit fly is not only in the Asia Pacific, Africa, but also in the western coast of the United States, in the southeast, in Central America and most of South America. Parts of Europe's Mediterranean coast and northern and coastal Australia, and parts of New Zealand's North Island are also suitable areas for the species, and greenhouse gas carbon dioxide analogues are emitted as climate changes. According to the results of the study, the northwestern, southeastern, Central and South American regions of the United States, The Mediterranean and north-central regions of Europe, the northern part of China, the northern and coastal regions of Australia, and the North Island of New Zealand should step up their invasion and control measures against the fruit fly. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the establishment of measures to prevent and control the invasion and control of small fruit fly in the world, and has important theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S433
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本文編號(hào)：1630299