本文選題：制種玉米　切入點(diǎn)：機(jī)械化去雄　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：去雄作業(yè)作為玉米制種的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),直接影響著玉米種子的質(zhì)量。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)制種玉米去雄作業(yè)主要依靠人工,去雄裝備依賴進(jìn)口。因此,研究與我國(guó)制種玉米種植模式和農(nóng)藝要求相符的機(jī)械化去雄技術(shù)與裝備對(duì)于提升制種玉米生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化水平、增強(qiáng)玉米種子企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、促進(jìn)玉米種業(yè)健康發(fā)展具有非常重要的意義。本文以種植面積廣且性狀差異大的兩種制種玉米母本品種鄭58和PH6WC為作業(yè)對(duì)象,主要在以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究。對(duì)去雄期內(nèi)制種玉米植株雄穗拔取力特性、玉米植株彈性模量和空間分布特性,進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究和理論分析。基于大量試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析,得到鄭58植株和PH6WC植株在不同生長(zhǎng)期拔取力的取值范圍；得出去雄期上述兩種玉米植株的彈性模量；得到玉米植株的空間自然分布規(guī)律。設(shè)計(jì)了輪式抽雄部件,對(duì)其關(guān)鍵部件一抽取機(jī)構(gòu)和分禾機(jī)構(gòu)開展了研究。對(duì)輪胎接觸理論進(jìn)行了深入研究,通過玉米植株與充氣輪胎接觸后的受力和運(yùn)動(dòng)分析,得出了影響去雄效果的主要因素包括抽雄滾輪轉(zhuǎn)速與傾角、輪胎中心距、充氣壓力、輪胎結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)等,并設(shè)計(jì)了抽取機(jī)構(gòu)和三種不同表面花紋的充氣輪胎；設(shè)計(jì)了安裝于抽取機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)架上的分禾機(jī)構(gòu),建立了玉米植株三維模型,并運(yùn)用ADAMS軟件進(jìn)行模擬仿真,分析分禾機(jī)構(gòu)的合理性。建立了一個(gè)用于研究輪式抽雄部件作業(yè)性能的測(cè)試系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)主要由抽雄部件驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、玉米植株喂入系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)采集處理系統(tǒng)和總體控制系統(tǒng)等組成。玉米植株可按照種植模式(株距)在測(cè)試系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行布置；抽雄滾輪轉(zhuǎn)速連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié),范圍為200～1000r/min;玉米植株喂入速度連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié),范圍為2-8km／h；抽雄部件角度可調(diào),范圍為20-400。對(duì)輪式抽雄部件進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究與參數(shù)優(yōu)化。在單因素、多因素和回歸試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響去雄效果的最大因素為輪胎花紋,得到各主要影響因素的最優(yōu)方案組合為充氣壓力50kPa、中心距254mm、滾輪轉(zhuǎn)速450r／mmin和工作傾角300；進(jìn)行了分禾機(jī)構(gòu)的性能試驗(yàn)研究,驗(yàn)證了分禾機(jī)構(gòu)的仿真結(jié)果；通過對(duì)抽雄部件的功率測(cè)試,得出了系數(shù)置的取值范圍和最佳取值。結(jié)合3WZG-3000A型多功能高地隙底盤,對(duì)玉米去雄機(jī)整機(jī)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)研究,去雄機(jī)主要由仿形機(jī)構(gòu)、液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和仿形控制系統(tǒng)等組成。仿形機(jī)構(gòu)采用平行四邊形結(jié)構(gòu)；抽雄滾輪旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)由負(fù)載敏感液壓系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)；仿形機(jī)構(gòu)高度調(diào)節(jié)由比例控制液壓系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)升降油缸實(shí)現(xiàn)；以一定距離內(nèi)上光電信號(hào)連續(xù)有表示玉米植株高,一定距離內(nèi)下光電信號(hào)連續(xù)無表示玉米植株低為控制依據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米植株高度仿形模糊控制；對(duì)抽雄滾輪轉(zhuǎn)速同步性能及控制系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間、升降油缸運(yùn)動(dòng)速度進(jìn)行了測(cè)試試驗(yàn),確定了控制信號(hào)t至抽雄部件垂直位移量的傳遞函數(shù)。最后,在4、5、6km／h作業(yè)速度下,針對(duì)鄭58和PH6WC母本植株開展了玉米去雄機(jī)的田間試驗(yàn)工作,對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果表明：一次去雄率達(dá)到85%以上,葉片損失率在40%左右。
[Abstract]:Emasculation operation as a key link in maize production, directly affect the quality of maize seeds. At present, the domestic corn emasculation operations rely mainly on artificial emasculation, equipment imported. Therefore, the research of technology and equipment for the male to enhance the level of mechanization of corn production mechanization in conformity with the requirement of China's corn planting pattern and agronomic to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, corn seed, has very important significance to promote the healthy development of the corn seed. The planting area is wide and large differences in the two traits of maize seed parent variety Zheng 58 and PH6WC as the work object, mainly studied in the following aspects. In the period of corn plant emasculation tassel using force characteristics, modulus and spatial distribution characteristics of maize plants are elastic, experimental research and theoretical analysis. Based on the analysis of test data, obtained 58 plants and PH6WC Zheng Plants at different growth stages with force range; out of the two elastic modulus of heading stage of maize; maize plants get space natural distribution is designed. The components of wheel tassel, an extraction mechanism of the key components and sub grain mechanism carried out. On the tire contact theory is studied the maize plants, with force and motion analysis of pneumatic tire after contact, the main factors influencing the effect of emasculation include roller speed and heading angle, tire center distance, gas pressure, tire structure parameters, and the design of the pneumatic tire extraction mechanism and three kinds of different surface pattern design; Wo branch installed on the drawing mechanism on the frame, establish the three-dimensional model of maize plant, and simulated by ADAMS software, analyses the rationality of dividing mechanism. A study for wheeled pumping set The test system of job performance of male parts of the system is mainly composed of tasseling corn plant components drive system, feeding system, data acquisition and processing system and the overall control system. According to the planting patterns of maize plants (plant spacing) are arranged on the test system; heading the rotational speed of the roller continuous adjustment range is 200 ~ 1000r/min; maize feeding speed of continuous adjustment, the range of 2-8km / h; adjustable tassel parts angle range of 20-400. on the wheel tasseling parts of the experimental study and parameter optimization. The single factor and multi factor regression based on the test, found that the biggest factor affecting the effect of emasculation of tread pattern, the main influence factors for optimum schemes for gas pressure 50kPa, the rotational speed of the roller center distance 254MM, 450R / mmin and the working angle of 300; a study of performance tests of dividing mechanism, verify the feed in mechanism of imitation It results; through the power on the male part test, the range of the coefficient and the best values. Combined with 3WZG-3000A type multifunctional highland gap chassis, the machine corn emasculation is studied and designed, detasseling machine is mainly composed of profiling mechanism, hydraulic system and control system etc.. Copying copying mechanism adopts parallelogram structure; tassel wheel rotation motion is achieved by the transmission load sensing hydraulic system; height adjustment by proportional control hydraulic system driven lifting cylinder to the profiling mechanism; the photoelectric signal within a certain distance have shown continuous maize plants, within a certain distance under the photoelectric signal continuously without said maize low as control basis, realize the maize plant height copying fuzzy control; response time heading roller speed synchronization performance and control system, the test of lift cylinder velocity, indeed The transfer function of the control signal t to tasseling parts of vertical displacement. Finally, in the 4,5,6km / h operation speed, according to Zheng 58 and PH6WC female plant to carry out the corn emasculation machine field experimental work carried out on the test results of statistical analysis, the results show that the once emasculation rate reached more than 85%, the loss of leaves the rate of around 40%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S224

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