本文選題：花生莖線蟲　切入點(diǎn)：形態(tài)特征　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：花生莖線蟲病發(fā)現(xiàn)于山東、河北多個(gè)花生產(chǎn)區(qū),為我國首次報(bào)道的花生病害。本文對(duì)花生莖線蟲病的病原線蟲種類進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)鑒定,研究了病原線蟲的相關(guān)生物學(xué)和快速檢測(cè)技術(shù),取得了如下主要研究結(jié)果：1.危害我國花生的莖線蟲為一新種,命名為花生莖線蟲(Ditylenchus arachis n. sp.)。新種的鑒別特性：側(cè)唇片明顯突出,口針纖細(xì),長(zhǎng)8.4-10μm,側(cè)區(qū)有6條側(cè)線,交合傘包至尾端的68%-86%,尾長(zhǎng)圓錐形；基于rDNA-ITS、28SD2D3及18S區(qū)的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析證實(shí)Ditylenchus arachis n. sp的新種地位；致病性接種試驗(yàn)表明D. arachis n. sp可侵染花生(Arachis hypogaea)但不危害甘薯和馬鈴薯,與腐爛莖線蟲(Ditylenchus destructor)不同。2.描述了花生莖線蟲病的癥狀。通過田間癥狀觀察和接種試驗(yàn),發(fā)病田花生植株高矮參差不齊,缺株斷壟,發(fā)病中心呈塊狀分布。受莖線蟲侵染的花生植株呈現(xiàn)矮化、黃化,甚至整株枯死等癥狀；植株地下部表現(xiàn)出根系生長(zhǎng)不良、結(jié)莢少、固氮菌減少、果莢表面出現(xiàn)黑褐色腐爛斑、種皮褐變皺縮等癥狀。從受害花生組織如果莢、種粒、胚栓、根莖及根際土壤可以分離出莖線蟲蟲體。3.創(chuàng)建了花生莖線蟲的人工培養(yǎng)技術(shù),用長(zhǎng)柄鏈格孢(Alternaria longipes)和胡蘿卜愈傷組織在25-30℃恒溫黑暗培養(yǎng)30-60d后可獲得較大的線蟲量。花生莖線蟲的不同地理種群無繁殖力差異。4.初步查明了花生莖線蟲的越冬和傳播途徑。病原線蟲可侵染鱧腸、凹頭莧、反枝莧、地錦、牛筋草、馬唐和狗尾草等花生地雜草；花生莖線蟲侵染花生果莢和果粒,以幼蟲為主要越冬蟲態(tài)�；ㄉo線蟲在田間雜草寄主及病花生種莢上越冬,成為病害的初侵染源,病花生種莢是病害遠(yuǎn)距離傳播的主要途徑。5.構(gòu)建了花生莖線蟲的快速檢測(cè)技術(shù)體系。設(shè)計(jì)了一對(duì)花生莖線蟲特異性引物DF1(正向5'-GGGAAGGCGAAGCTAAGCTA-3')和DR1(反向：5'-AACTTAGAGGCCAACGAAGCC-3'),在ITS1區(qū)擴(kuò)增出171bp的特異性片段。該引物的可靠性高、特異性強(qiáng),可實(shí)現(xiàn)花生莖線蟲的準(zhǔn)確、靈敏及快速的檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Peanut stem nematode was found in several flower producing areas of Shandong and Hebei, which is the first reported peanut disease in China. The species of peanut stem nematode were systematically identified in this paper. The related biology and rapid detection techniques of pathogenic nematodes were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Stem nematode was a new species, named Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. sp. sp. the new species was named Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. sp. the distinguishing characteristics of the new species were as follows: the lateral lip was prominent. The oral needle was slender, 8.4-10 渭 m in length, there were 6 lateral lines in the lateral region, 68 -86 from the umbrella to the end of the tail, and the tail was conical. Phylogenetic analysis based on the rDNA-ITSN 28SD2D3 and 18s regions confirmed the new status of Ditylenchus arachis nsp. The pathogenicity inoculation test showed that D. arachis n.sp could infect Arachis hypogaea but not sweet potato and sweet potato, which was different from Ditylenchus destructor. The symptom of peanut stem nematode disease was described. The peanut plants in the diseased field are varied in height and height, lack of plants and ridges, and the center of the disease is distributed in blocks. The peanut plants infected by stem nematodes show symptoms such as dwarfism, yellowing, and even the whole plant withered. The underground parts of the plants show poor root growth and few pods. Nitrogen fixing bacteria decrease, fruit pod surface appears dark brown rotting spot, seed coat browning to shrink and other symptoms. From the affected peanut tissue if pods, seeds, embryo suppository, The stem nematodes were isolated from rhizosphere and rhizosphere soil. The artificial culture technique of peanut stem nematodes was established. Alternaria longipesae) and carrot callus were cultured at 25 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1579951