本文選題：小麥　切入點(diǎn)：TaMOR　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)是人類的主要糧食作物,但是小麥生產(chǎn)受到干旱等逆境條件的嚴(yán)重制約。為了滿足世界人口不斷增長(zhǎng)對(duì)糧食的需求,育種家通過遺傳改良培育抗逆高效新品種以獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。小麥的根系結(jié)構(gòu)和株型直接影響著產(chǎn)量,揭示根系和株型發(fā)育的遺傳基礎(chǔ),發(fā)掘并利用優(yōu)異基因資源對(duì)于小麥的遺傳改良具有重要意義。植物AS2/LOB(ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES)和AP2/EREBP(APETALA2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEINS)是調(diào)控生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的兩個(gè)重要基因家族。本研究以小麥品種旱選10號(hào)為試驗(yàn)材料,克隆了小麥Ta MOR(MORE ROOT)和Ta PARG(PLANT ARCHITECTURE-RELATED GENE)基因,分別屬于LOB和AP2/EREBP基因家族。通過分析基因的序列特征及功能,明確了Ta MOR和Ta PARG在生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育中的重要作用。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.過表達(dá)小麥基因Ta MOR能改良水稻的根系和產(chǎn)量。Ta MOR屬于LOB基因家族,在小麥及其近緣植物中高度保守。小麥中三個(gè)復(fù)等位基因Ta MOR-A、Ta MOR-B和Ta MOR-D序列相似性達(dá)96.9%,編碼的氨基酸序列相似度高達(dá)97.12%。組織表達(dá)分析表明Ta MOR在不定根和側(cè)根起始部位的表達(dá)量顯著高于其它組織,并且表達(dá)模式與根系的形成時(shí)間吻合,表明Ta MOR參與小麥根系的起始。外源生長(zhǎng)素(IAA)能誘導(dǎo)Ta MOR表達(dá),并且不需要體內(nèi)蛋白的重新合成。體內(nèi)和體外的試驗(yàn)都證明Ta MOR能與Ta MRRP(Ta MOR-RELATED PROTEIN)發(fā)生互作。過表達(dá)Ta MOR-D的轉(zhuǎn)基因擬南芥具有更多的側(cè)根,過表達(dá)Ta MOR-D的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻性狀發(fā)生顯著變化:冠狀根數(shù)目增多,主穗增長(zhǎng),主穗一次枝梗數(shù)和單株穗粒數(shù)增加,單株產(chǎn)量提高�？傊�,過表達(dá)Ta MOR-D的擬南芥和水稻具有更發(fā)達(dá)的根系,并且轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻單株產(chǎn)量顯著提高。2.小麥轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Ta PARG是新的AP2/EREBP類多效基因,調(diào)節(jié)株型和產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性狀發(fā)育。在小麥中檢測(cè)到Ta PARG的兩個(gè)拷貝Ta PARG-2A和Ta PARG-2D,其編碼的氨基酸序列相似性高達(dá)97.67%,尤其是功能結(jié)構(gòu)域的序列完全相同。Ta PARG-2A定位于染色體2A上的Xwmc63和Xgwm372標(biāo)記之間,Ta PARG-2D定位于染色體2D上。Ta PARG蛋白定位于細(xì)胞核。通過Ta PARG組織表達(dá)模式分析,單倍型與性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析,以及過表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻表型分析,結(jié)果都表明Ta PARG在生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮多種功能,包括調(diào)控株高和分蘗數(shù)等株型相關(guān)性狀和千粒重等產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性狀。在小麥中檢測(cè)到Ta PARG-2A的三種單倍型,其中Hap-2A-2和Hap-2A-3是降低株高和分蘗數(shù)、提高千粒重的優(yōu)異單倍型。這兩種優(yōu)異單倍型的形成可能是由于單個(gè)氨基酸的改變(His/Tyr)。在我國(guó)小麥育種的歷史進(jìn)程中,兩種優(yōu)異單倍型受到了較強(qiáng)的正向選擇。研究結(jié)果表明,Ta PARG調(diào)節(jié)小麥株型和產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性狀發(fā)育,優(yōu)異單倍型及其分子標(biāo)記在小麥株型和產(chǎn)量改良中具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。綜合以上結(jié)果,小麥Ta MOR和Ta PARG分別參與根系、株型和產(chǎn)量性狀發(fā)育的調(diào)控,為小麥高產(chǎn)高效的遺傳改良提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main food crops in the world, but seriously restrict wheat production under drought stress. In order to meet the world's growing demand for food and breeding by genetic breeding of resistant varieties, in order to obtain a higher yield. The root structure and directly affects the yield of wheat and reveal the genetic basis of root and plant development, exploitation and utilization of excellent gene resources have important meaning for genetic improvement of wheat plants. AS2/LOB (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES) and AP2/ EREBP (APETALA2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEINS) is the two important gene family in the regulation of the growth and development of wheat varieties with drought. This study selected No. 10 as test materials, cloning of wheat Ta MOR (MORE ROOT) and Ta PARG (PLANT ARCHITECTURE-RELATED GENE) gene, belonging to LO B and AP2/EREBP gene family. The sequence characteristics and functional analysis of genes, clear the important role of Ta MOR and Ta PARG in growth and development. The main results are as follows: 1. the over expression of Ta gene in wheat MOR to improve rice roots and yield of.Ta MOR belongs to LOB gene family in wheat and its relative plant height conservative. Wheat three alleles of Ta MOR-A, Ta MOR-B and 96.9% similarity of Ta MOR-D sequence, encoding the amino acid sequence similarity is as high as 97.12%. tissue expression analysis showed that the Ta expression of MOR in the amount of adventitious roots and lateral root initiation sites was significantly higher than that in other tissues, and the expression pattern and the formation time of anastomosis of root system. That Ta MOR is involved in root initiation. Exogenous auxin (IAA) can induce Ta MOR expression, and does not need to re synthesize protein. Experiments in vivo and in vitro have proved that Ta MOR and Ta MRRP (Ta MOR- RELATED PROTEIN) interacted. Over expression of transgenic Arabidopsis Ta MOR-D has more lateral roots, over expression of Ta MOR-D transgenic rice traits changed significantly: crown root number, main panicle growth, main panicle number of primary branches per plant and grains per panicle increased, yield per plant increased. In short, over expression of Ta MOR-D the Arabidopsis and rice has more developed roots, and transgenic rice yield significantly increased wheat.2. transcription factor Ta PARG is a new AP2/EREBP class of gene regulation, plant type and Yield Related Traits and development. To detect two copies of Ta PARG-2A and Ta PARG-2D Ta PARG in wheat, similar to the amino acid sequence of encoding up to 97.67%, especially between Xwmc63 and Xgwm372 marker sequences of the functional domain identical to the.Ta PARG-2A located on chromosome 2A, Ta PARG-2D.Ta PARG is located on chromosome 2D in egg white Through the analysis of the Ta PARG model of the nucleus. The expression, correlation analysis and haplotype traits, and expression analysis of transgenic rice phenotype, results show that Ta PARG play multiple functions in the process of growth and development, including the regulation of traits related to plant height and tiller number and plant type traits and 1000 grain weight to yield three Ta haplotypes. The detection of PARG-2A in wheat, Hap-2A-2 and Hap-2A-3 decreased plant height and tiller number, 1000 grain weight increased the excellent haplotypes. The formation of these two excellent haplotypes may be due to a single amino acid change (His/Tyr). In the historical process of wheat breeding in China, two have strong positive selection of excellent haplotypes. The results show that the Ta PARG regulation of wheat plant type and Yield Related Traits and development, excellent haplotype and molecular marker has important application value in wheat plant type and yield improvement In conclusion, wheat Ta MOR and Ta PARG were involved in the regulation of root, plant type and yield traits, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for high yield and high efficiency genetic improvement of wheat.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S512.1;Q943.2

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李波;小麥發(fā)育相關(guān)基因TaMOR和TaPARG的克隆與功能分析[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2016年

，

本文編號(hào)：1558871