本文關鍵詞：基于柔性梳脫的釀酒葡萄脫粒機理與裝置的研究　出處：《中國農業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 釀酒葡萄 柔性脫粒裝置 有限元仿真 粘彈性模型 斷裂模型

【摘要】：針對我國釀酒葡萄完全依賴人工采摘,效率低、成本高的問題,為實現釀酒葡萄機械化采收,本文深入研究了葡萄串梳脫機理,以優(yōu)化脫粒裝置,提高脫凈率和降低破損率。通過對葡萄動力學參數的測試分析,建立了葡萄串脫粒的仿真模型,通過脫粒仿真為脫粒裝置設計和分析提供參考。通過在試驗臺上進行正交試驗、對比試驗和高速攝影觀察分析,研究各參數對脫粒效果的影響,獲得了柔性梳脫的最優(yōu)方案。本文主要結論如下:1.針對葡萄果實靜摩擦系數、動摩擦系數和葡萄碰撞恢復系數、果肉粘彈性參數、葡萄果實與果梗之間斷裂特性,搭建試驗臺并進行了測試分析,為建立葡萄仿真模型提供基礎物理參數。2.建立了果實的粘彈性碰撞仿真模型,進行了仿真與實際碰撞試驗對比分析,結果表明,碰撞速度不大于1 m/s時,仿真模型誤差較小。建立了葡萄果實與果梗之間斷裂的FBM模型,仿真斷裂與實際斷裂數據進行對比,仿真模型結果誤差在可接受范圍內,且隨著拉斷角度增加而增加�；赑ython對葡萄串模型進行快速和批量建模,提高建模效率。3.進行了柔性脫粒裝置的臺架試驗研究。研制了柔性梳脫式釀酒葡萄脫粒試驗臺,進行以對輥轉速、對輥間距和彎曲剛度為三因素的正交試驗,試驗結果表明,對于指標脫粒時間和破損率,弓齒抗彎剛度是唯一的顯著性因素,最佳對輥轉速為160r/min,抗彎剛度為0.067 N·m2,對輥中心距離為280 mm,該條件下脫粒時間為1.73 s,破損率為3.51%。在以上試驗基礎上,研制了釀酒葡萄籬架梳脫運動試驗臺,進行對輥轉速、行進速度和弓齒螺旋角三因素的正交試驗,試驗結果確定了影響脫凈率的顯著因素為對輥轉速和行進速度,對輥轉速從200 r/min增加到300 r/min時,脫凈率從75%提升到92.3%,行進速度從0.4 m/s提升到0.7 m/s時,脫凈率從93%降低到78%,3個因素對于葡萄破損率均不顯著,破損率約為20%左右。研發(fā)了板齒式和鋸齒式釀酒葡萄脫粒裝置,通過弓齒式、板齒式和鋸齒式3種脫粒裝置性能對比試驗,在0.4 m/s和0.5 m/s的行進速度下,3種脫粒裝置的脫粒能力依次增強,鋸齒式則脫粒能力最強,弓齒式和板齒式的破損率隨著進行速度的增加而增加,且板齒式較弓齒式的破損率要低,鋸齒式的破損率最低,保持在較低的7.5%左右。通過對3種脫粒裝置脫粒過程高速攝影分析,結果表明,鋸齒式脫粒裝置的脫粒能力最強,為將來的柔性脫粒裝置研究提供了更優(yōu)的方案。4.研制了脫粒試驗臺的基于PLC的自動對行避障系統(tǒng),試驗證明可以穩(wěn)定可靠地進行對行避障,上位機能夠實現對脫粒過程的各個參數的監(jiān)控和手動操作。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the mechanization of wine-grape harvesting, this paper studied the off-line principle of grape string in order to optimize the threshing device in order to solve the problem that wine-grape is totally dependent on artificial picking, low efficiency and high cost in order to realize the mechanization of wine-grape harvesting. By testing and analyzing the dynamic parameters of grape, the simulation model of grape string threshing was established. Through threshing simulation to provide a reference for the design and analysis of threshing device. Through orthogonal test on the test bench, contrast test and high-speed photographic observation and analysis, study the effect of each parameter on threshing effect. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Aiming at the static friction coefficient of grape fruit, the dynamic friction coefficient and the coefficient of grape collision recovery, and the visco-elastic parameters of pulp. In order to provide the basic physical parameters for grape simulation model, a viscoelastic collision simulation model of grape fruit was established. The results showed that the error of the simulation model was small when the impact velocity was less than 1 m / s. The FBM model of grape fruit and stem fracture was established. Compared with the actual fracture data, the error of the simulation model is within the acceptable range and increases with the increase of the breaking angle. Based on Python, the grape string model is modeled quickly and in batches. To improve the modeling efficiency. 3. The bench test of flexible threshing device was carried out. The flexible comb-de-wine grape threshing test bench was developed, and the roll speed was checked. The results show that the bending stiffness of arch teeth is the only significant factor for the threshing time and breakage rate. The optimum rolling speed is 160 r / min, the bending stiffness is 0.067 N 路m ~ 2, the distance to the center of the roll is 280 mm, and the threshing time is 1.73 s. The breakage rate is 3.51. On the basis of the above tests, a wine-making grape hedgerow carding motion test bench was developed. The orthogonal test was carried out on the three factors of roll speed, travel speed and spiral angle of arch teeth. The experimental results show that the significant factors affecting the removal rate are the rotation speed and travel speed of the opposite roll, when the rotation speed of the opposite roll is increased from 200 r / min to 300 r / min. When the removal rate increased from 75% to 92.3am, and the travel speed increased from 0.4 m / s to 0.7 m / s, the removal rate decreased from 93% to 787.The three factors were not significant for the grape breakage rate. The breakage rate is about 20%. The bead gear and sawtooth threshing device were developed. The performance of three kinds of threshing units were compared by bow tooth type, plate tooth type and saw tooth type threshing device. At the speed of 0.4 m / s and 0.5 m / s, the threshing ability of the three kinds of threshing devices increased in turn, while the sawtooth type was the strongest. The breakage rate of bow tooth type and plate tooth type increases with the increase of speed, and the damage rate of plate tooth type is lower than that of bow tooth type, and that of sawtooth type is the lowest. The results showed that the sawtooth threshing device had the strongest threshing ability. It provides a better scheme for the research of flexible threshing device in the future. 4. The automatic obstacle avoidance system based on PLC has been developed on the threshing test bench, and it has been proved that the system can avoid obstacles stably and reliably. The upper computer can realize the monitoring and manual operation of each parameter of threshing process.
【學位授予單位】：中國農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.93

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