本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑龍江省水稻抽穗期基因的效應研究及育種應用　出處：《中國科學院研究生院(東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水稻 抽穗期 Hd2/OsPRR37 關(guān)聯(lián)分析 品種改良

【摘要】：水稻抽穗期(Heading Date, HD)是指水稻從播種到抽穗(開花)所經(jīng)歷的時間,抽穗期是影響水稻種植和生產(chǎn)的最重要因素之一,黑龍江省是我國優(yōu)質(zhì)粳稻的主產(chǎn)區(qū)和商品糧區(qū),屬于北方高緯度寒地稻作區(qū),積溫低、日照長。越往北部,積溫越低,要求品種熟期越早,造成目前育成的優(yōu)良品種適應區(qū)域較窄,嚴重的限制了種植區(qū)域。抽穗期是多基因控制的復雜數(shù)量性狀。同時受多種環(huán)境因素影響。為了鑒定控制黑龍江省水稻抽穗期的主效和微效基因、及不同基因的效應,我們綜合利用連鎖分析與關(guān)聯(lián)分析手段對抽穗期基因進行研究,主要結(jié)果如下：1.利用第三積溫區(qū)主栽品種空育131和第二積溫區(qū)東農(nóng)422的F7重組白交系群體,發(fā)現(xiàn)控制水稻抽穗期主效QTL位點Hd2,該基因在空育131中存在一個L710P氨基酸變異,導致空育131早花。對抽穗期相關(guān)基因的表達量研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)Hd2是通過Ehdl途徑參與水稻抽穗期調(diào)控。進一步對黑龍江省395份水稻材料的Hd2基因分型,確定Hd2/OsPRR37是控制黑龍江當?shù)厮境樗肫诘闹餍Щ颍?.Hd2定位于細胞核中,可以形成同源二聚體,且依賴于其CCT結(jié)構(gòu)域。利用酵母雙雜交的手段,篩選到HD2互作的候選蛋白LTG1和DELLA,并利用多種手段驗證了HD2與LTG1和DELLA的互作關(guān)系；3.利用本課題組收集的395份黑龍江歷年審定水稻品種及育種資源,連續(xù)三年調(diào)查了抽穗期表型數(shù)據(jù),同時從這些材料的基因組重測序數(shù)據(jù)中,調(diào)取與水稻抽穗期相關(guān)的基因序列：Hd6、Hdl6、Hd17、NRR、LTG1、DTH2、Ehd4、Ehd3、 Ehd2、SE5、Ehdl、Hd3a、RFT、SE14、SDG724、OsGI、Hd2/OsPRR37, Hd4/Ghd7, Hd5/DTH8/Ghd8等,將抽穗期基因的基因型與表型數(shù)據(jù)進行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)Hdl,Hd2/OsPRR37, Hd4/Ghd7, Hd5/DTH8/Ghd8是控制黑龍江省水稻抽穗期的主效基因,Hd6、Hdl6、Hd17是微效基因,不同抽穗期組合方式?jīng)Q定了水稻材料的地域性分布。4.根據(jù)以上鑒定到的控制黑龍江水稻材料的抽穗期基因,通過兩種策略進行分子設計育種。一是設計不同抽穗期基因的分子標記,對優(yōu)良品種進行回交改良。二是利用CRISPR/CAS9介導的基因編輯技術(shù),對抽穗期基因進行定點敲除。期望在優(yōu)良品種的背景下,創(chuàng)造出一系列抽穗期不同的優(yōu)良水稻材料,一方面可以擴大優(yōu)良品種的可種植面積和創(chuàng)造極早熟品種,另一方面創(chuàng)制不同抽穗期基因的多種組合類型的水稻材料,為水稻開花期途徑的研究提供基礎(chǔ)材料。
[Abstract]:Heading date (HDD) is the time from sowing to heading (flowering) of rice, and heading stage is one of the most important factors that affect the planting and production of rice. Heilongjiang Province is the main producing area and commodity grain area of high quality japonica rice in our country. It belongs to the northern high latitude cold region, the accumulated temperature is low, the sunshine is long. The farther north, the lower the accumulated temperature, and the earlier the maturity of varieties is required. As a result of the current breeding of fine varieties to adapt to a narrower area. The heading stage is a complex quantitative trait controlled by many genes. It is also affected by many environmental factors. In order to identify the main and minor genes that control the heading stage of rice in Heilongjiang Province. And the effects of different genes, we used linkage analysis and correlation analysis to study genes at heading stage. The main results were as follows: 1. Using Gangyu 131, the main cultivar in the third accumulated temperature area, and the F7 recombinant white cross population of Dongnong422 in the second accumulated temperature area, the main effect QTL locus Hd2 was found to control the heading stage of rice. There was a L710P amino acid variation in the gene, which led to the early flowering of empty 131. The expression of genes related to heading stage was studied. It was found that Hd2 was involved in the regulation of heading stage of rice through Ehdl pathway, and the Hd2 genotyping of 395 rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province was further studied. It was confirmed that Hd2/OsPRR37 was the main gene to control the heading stage of local rice in Heilongjiang province. 2. HD2 was located in the nucleus and could form homologous dimer, which was dependent on its CCT domain. The candidate proteins LTG1 and DELLA for HD2 interaction were screened by yeast two-hybrid. The interaction between HD2 and LTG1 and DELLA is verified by various means. 3.The phenotypic data of heading stage were investigated by using 395 rice varieties and breeding resources collected by our research group in Heilongjiang province over the years. Meanwhile, the genome re-sequencing data of these materials were obtained. The sequence of genes related to heading stage of rice was obtained: Hd6, Hdl6, Hd17, NRRG1, DTH2, Ehd4, Ehd3, Ehd2SE5, Ehdl, Ehdl, Ehdl, Ehd3, Ehd2, Ehd3, Ehd2SE5 and Ehdl, respectively. Hd3aI RFT SE14 SDG724, OsGIN Hd2 / OsPRR37, Hd4 / Ghd7, Hd5/DTH8/Ghd8, etc. Genotypic and phenotypic data of heading stage gene were analyzed and the results showed that Hdl1 / Hd2 / OsPRR37, Hd4/Ghd7. Hd5/DTH8/Ghd8 is the main gene that controls the heading stage of rice in Heilongjiang Province. Hd6, Hdl6, Hd17, is a microfunctional gene. Different combination patterns of heading stage determined the regional distribution of rice materials. 4. According to the above identified control of Heilongjiang rice heading stage genes. Molecular design breeding was carried out through two strategies. One was to design molecular markers of genes at different heading stages to improve the backcross of superior varieties, and the other was to use CRISPR/CAS9 mediated gene editing technology. It is expected to create a series of fine rice materials at different heading stages under the background of superior varieties, on the one hand, to expand the acreage of good varieties and to create very early varieties. On the other hand, rice materials with different combination types of heading stage genes were created, which provided basic materials for the study of flowering pathway of rice.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S511

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本文編號：1431983