本文關(guān)鍵詞：娑婆小流域坡耕地氮素流失特征與防治對(duì)策研究　出處：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 坡耕地 土地利用結(jié)構(gòu) 面源污染 泥沙流失量 徑流量 養(yǎng)分流失 全氮

【摘要】：汾河水庫(kù)是山西省最大的飲用水水源地。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),水庫(kù)上游地區(qū)坡耕地耕種十分普遍,加上嚴(yán)重的水土流失,使土壤養(yǎng)分隨徑流泥沙流入汾河進(jìn)而進(jìn)入汾河水庫(kù),導(dǎo)致水庫(kù)水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化問(wèn)題日益突出。研究汾河水庫(kù)上游坡耕地土壤侵蝕、養(yǎng)分流失及防治問(wèn)題,對(duì)維系水源地水土資源功能、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境,具有十分重要的意義。本研究以汾河水庫(kù)上游靜樂(lè)縣娑婆小流域坡耕地為研究區(qū)域,在坡耕地布設(shè)徑流監(jiān)測(cè)小區(qū),以不同作物條件下坡耕地坡面徑流量、泥沙流失量、養(yǎng)分流失形態(tài)及流失量為主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。在調(diào)查和評(píng)價(jià)小流域土壤資源理化性狀、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)、主要污染物負(fù)荷的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)采用水土流失動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)、室內(nèi)外模擬試驗(yàn)等方法,對(duì)不同作物條件下坡耕地產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙機(jī)理、面源污染形成過(guò)程、氮素流失特征進(jìn)行了定性和定量分析,進(jìn)而明確不同作物對(duì)坡耕地徑流、泥沙形成及氮素流失的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)大面積坡耕地氮素流失量進(jìn)行了估算。本研究首次提出坡耕地作物緩沖帶措施,并對(duì)作物緩沖帶在防控氮素流失等方面進(jìn)行了研究分析,初步提出坡耕地防控面源污染的思路和對(duì)策。主要結(jié)論有：(1)作物類型對(duì)泥沙流失量具有顯著影響,是影響泥沙流失量的因素之一。不同作物在相同有效降雨條件下形成的泥沙流失量之間差異較大,且隨著時(shí)間推移低稈作物莜麥地、土豆地及裸地呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),而高稈作物玉米地和棄耕地有逐漸增加的趨勢(shì)。(2)在監(jiān)測(cè)時(shí)段內(nèi),除裸地外,NO_3~--N濃度基本呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì)：裸地玉米地莜麥地土豆地棄耕地;TN濃度大體呈現(xiàn)先增長(zhǎng)后下降的趨勢(shì),而且不同作物之間存在一定差異：裸地土豆地棄耕地玉米地莜麥地;NO_2~--N濃度呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),不同作物之間存在一定差異：裸地土豆地莜麥地玉米地棄耕地；NH4+-N濃度變化為先升高,后降低再升高的趨勢(shì),不同作物間存在一定差異：莜麥地棄耕地玉米地土豆地裸地。不同作物條件下徑流中NO_3~--N和TN濃度具有顯著差異,而NO_2~--N和NH4+-N的濃度不存在顯著差異。(3)試驗(yàn)小區(qū)10m~2內(nèi)隨徑流流失的三種無(wú)機(jī)氮之間差異較大,表現(xiàn)為：裸地土豆地棄耕地莜麥地玉米地。不同作物條件下隨徑流流失的NO_3~--N量和NO_2~--N量具有顯著差異,而NH4+-N流失量之間沒(méi)有顯著差異。(4)隨徑流流失的有機(jī)氮大致為逐漸增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),且不同作物之間差異顯著。有機(jī)氮流失量：裸地土豆地棄耕地莜麥地玉米地。全氮流失量：裸地土豆地棄耕地莜麥地玉米地。(5)監(jiān)測(cè)時(shí)段內(nèi)流失的NO_3~--N占TN的比例呈逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),玉米地裸地莜麥地棄耕地土豆地;流失N02--N占TN的比例呈先上升后下降再上升,裸地土豆地棄耕地莜麥地玉米地；流失NH4+-N占TN的比例呈逐漸下降的趨勢(shì)：莜麥地玉米地棄耕地土豆地裸地；有機(jī)氮所占全單比例：土豆地棄耕地裸地莜麥地玉米地。(6)在雨季,不同作物條件下每公頃坡耕地流失泥沙量：裸地土豆地莜麥地棄耕地玉米地。娑婆小流域每年幾百至上千噸泥沙從坡面流失,嚴(yán)重影響了土地生產(chǎn)力可持續(xù)發(fā)展,對(duì)下游河道和水庫(kù)造成淤積。(7)在雨季,不同作物條件下每公頃坡耕地流失TN量：裸地土豆地棄耕地莜麥地玉米地。娑婆小流域每年數(shù)十噸的氮素從坡面流失,加劇了坡耕地土壤的貧瘠化。(8)針對(duì)娑婆小流域土壤資源、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)以及傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)種植特點(diǎn),提出構(gòu)建地埂植物帶、作物緩沖帶等技術(shù)措施和坡耕地改梯田、擴(kuò)大林草面積改善該流域土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展思路。試驗(yàn)證明,坡耕地布設(shè)作物緩沖帶能有效削減徑流、泥沙和氮素流失。
[Abstract]:Fenhe Reservoir is the water source of drinking water in Shanxi Province, the largest. For a long time, the reservoir slope land in the upper reaches of farming is widespread, and water and soil erosion is serious, the soil nutrient runoff and sediment flows into the Fen River and then into the Fenhe Reservoir, leading to eutrophication problems have become increasingly prominent. The upper reaches of Fenhe Reservoir on soil erosion, nutrient loss and prevention, to maintain the water function of water and soil resources, improve the ecological environment, it has very important significance. This study in a small watershed upstream of Fenhe Reservoir jinglexian Saha slope land as the study area, the layout of slope farmland runoff monitoring area, crop conditions in different slope land runoff and sediment loss. The morphology and loss of nutrient loss is the main research content. In the investigation and evaluation of small watershed soil physicochemical properties, land use structure, main pollutants load On the soil erosion monitoring, indoor simulation test method of slope under different crop land runoff mechanism, the formation process of non-point source pollution, the characteristics of nitrogen loss through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and then clear the different crops on sloping farmland runoff, and nitrogen loss sediment formation, on the basis of a large area of farmland nitrogen loss was estimated. This is the first study to put forward measures of sloping land crops and crop of buffer zone, buffer zone was analyzed in the prevention and control of nitrogen loss, puts forward ideas and Countermeasures of prevention and control of non-point source pollution of arable land slope. The main conclusions are: (1) crop types on sediment loss the amount has a significant effect, is one of the factors affecting the sediment loss. Different crops in the same effective rainfall under the condition of soil erosion between different, and with time low Stalk crops naked oats, potatoes and bare land decreased gradually, while the high stalk crops of corn and abandoned farmland is a gradually increasing trend. (2) in the monitoring period, except that of bare land, NO_3~--N concentration decreased gradually: bare naked oats corn potato abandoned farmland wheat; the concentration of TN in general growth at first decline, but there are some differences between different crops: bare potatoes abandoned farmland corn oat NO_2~--N concentrations showed Medina; decreased, there are some differences between different crops: bare soil bean oats corn abandoned farmland; NH4+-N concentration increased first, then decreased increased, there were significant differences among different crops: corn and potatoes to naked oats in abandoned land to bare land. There were significant difference between different crop conditions in the runoff and the concentration of TN NO_3~--N, NO_2 ~--N and NH4+-N The concentration has no significant difference. (3) the difference between the three kinds of inorganic nitrogen in the test cell 10m~2 with the loss of runoff is large, as follows: bare potato corn oats. Abandoned farmland NO_3~--N quantity and NO_2~--N quantity under the condition of different crop losses with runoff had significant differences, but no significant difference between the amount of NH4+-N loss. (4) organic nitrogen losses with runoff are gradually increasing trend, and the difference was significant between different crops. The organic nitrogen loss amount of bare potato corn. Oat abandoned farmland nitrogen loss by: bare potatoes Medina corn. Naked oats abandoned farmland (5) in the monitoring period the loss of NO_3~--N TN the proportion decreased gradually, corn potatoes discarded cultivated land bare naked oats; the loss of N02--N TN ratio increased first and then decreased and then increased, bare potatoes abandoned farmland oats corn ground; NH4+-N loss percentage of TN A gradual downward trend: naked oats corn ground potato abandoned farmland bare land; total organic nitrogen ratio: single potato abandoned farmland corn. Bare naked oats (6) during the rainy season, the amount of sediment erosion under the conditions of different crops per hectare farmland: bare potato oat discarded cultivated land corn. This small every year hundreds of tons of sediment from the basin slope erosion, serious impact on the sustainable development of land productivity, siltation of downstream river and reservoir. (7) during the rainy season, the amount of TN loss under the condition of different crops per hectare farmland: bare potato abandoned farmland corn. This small oat basin every year dozens of tons of nitrogen from the soil the loss, exacerbated the impoverishment of soil slope land. (8) according to the soil resources in small watershed this, land use structure and traditional agricultural planting characteristics, proposed the construction of ridge plant, plant buffer zone and other technical measures In order to improve the development of the land use structure in the watershed, it is proved that the layout of crop buffer strips in sloping fields can effectively reduce runoff, sediment and nitrogen loss.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S157

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 康建鋒;張永福;孫國(guó)軍;;喀什市土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)信息熵與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年09期

2 陳安磊;王衛(wèi);張文釗;王飛;尹春梅;李雁勇;魏文學(xué);謝小立;;土地利用方式對(duì)紅壤坡地地表徑流氮素流失的影響[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

3 方廣玲;香寶;杜加強(qiáng);王寶良;張立坤;胡鈺;徐杰;;拉薩河流域非點(diǎn)源污染輸出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

4 吳婷婷;劉學(xué)錄;;甘肅省莊浪縣土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)變化研究[J];云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué));2015年01期

5 翟文俠;韓冰華;;嘉魚(yú)縣土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)與經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)性分析[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年01期

6 張盧奔;李滿春;周磊;徐雙;;基于信息熵和分形維數(shù)的長(zhǎng)沙市土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化分析[J];湖南師范大學(xué)自然科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期

7 于澤民;郭建英;;黃土高原區(qū)農(nóng)村面源污染的途徑與防控措施研究[J];環(huán)境與發(fā)展;2014年04期

8 郭新送;宋付朋;高楊;馬富亮;;模擬降雨下3種類型土壤坡面的泥沙流失特征及其養(yǎng)分富集效應(yīng)[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期

9 張薇;甘德清;王曉紅;;基于GIS的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化配置研究進(jìn)展[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年13期

10 陳蕾伊;丁慶龍;門明新;;肥鄉(xiāng)縣土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)量地理分析[J];貴州農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 趙莉榮;不同成土母質(zhì)條件下土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異研究[D];西南大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1412191