本文關(guān)鍵詞：乙酰氧肟酸的合成及其對(duì)奶牛瘤胃尿素氮代謝和微生物的影響　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2017年博士后論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 乙酰氧肟酸 尿素水解 脲酶 脲酶抑制劑 瘤胃微生物

【摘要】：脲酶抑制劑可以抑制奶牛瘤胃脲酶活性,減緩尿素在瘤胃內(nèi)的分解速度,提高尿素氮利用效率。本實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在優(yōu)化脲酶抑制劑乙酰氧肟酸的合成工藝,并借助奶牛飼養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸對(duì)奶牛瘤胃尿素氮代謝的影響;借助體外發(fā)酵實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸對(duì)奶牛瘤胃微生物的影響。結(jié)果表明,乙酰氧肟酸的合成工藝得到優(yōu)化,產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)出率為84.6%,純度為97%。產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸顯著抑制奶牛瘤胃氨氮和尿素氮濃度(P0.01),顯著提高奶牛尿液中嘌呤衍生物的濃度(P = 0.01),對(duì)奶牛血氨濃度和瘤胃pH值均無(wú)顯著影響,對(duì)奶牛瘤胃液揮發(fā)性脂肪酸、血液常規(guī)指標(biāo)、產(chǎn)奶量和乳脂肪、乳蛋白均無(wú)顯著影響。添加產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸和尿素顯著提高了微生物群落的香濃-威納指數(shù)(P0.05),尿素顯著降低了瘤胃內(nèi)Ruminococcus albus,Ruminococcus flavefaciens,Fibrobacter succinogenes 和 Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens 菌的豐度(P0.01),而產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸在發(fā)酵前期緩和了由添加尿素引起的上述纖維分解菌豐度的降低(P0.05)。此外,添加尿素顯著提高了(P0.01)Pseudomonas,Streptococcus,Haemophilus,Neisseria 和 Actinomyces 菌屬的豐度,而補(bǔ)充產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸后顯著降低了上述菌屬的豐度。綜上,脲酶抑制劑乙酰氧肟酸的合成得到優(yōu)化;產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸有利于奶牛瘤胃尿素氮代謝;產(chǎn)品乙酰氧肟酸引起了短期內(nèi)瘤胃細(xì)菌多樣性水平的升高,緩解了由于氨的瞬時(shí)累積引起的瘤胃纖維分解菌生長(zhǎng)受阻的現(xiàn)象,且奶牛瘤胃內(nèi)豐度較高的尿素分解菌主要分布于Pseudomonas,Streptococcus,Haemophilus,Neisseria 和 Actinomyces菌屬中。
[Abstract]:Urease inhibitor can inhibit the activity of rumen urease, slow down the rate of urea decomposition in rumen, and improve the utilization efficiency of urea nitrogen. The purpose of this experiment was to optimize the synthesis process of urease inhibitor acetyl hydroxamic acid. The effect of acetyl hydroxamic acid on urea nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of dairy cattle was verified by dairy cattle feeding experiment. The effect of acetyl hydroxamic acid on rumen microorganism of dairy cattle was verified by in vitro fermentation. The results showed that the synthetic process of acetyl hydroxamic acid was optimized and the yield of the product was 84.6%. The purity of the product was 97%. Acetyl hydroxamic acid significantly inhibited the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and urea nitrogen in the rumen of dairy cows (P 0.01), and significantly increased the concentration of purine derivatives in the urine of cows (P = 0.01). There was no significant effect on blood ammonia concentration and rumen pH, but on volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid, blood routine indexes, milk yield and milk fat. The addition of acetyl hydroxamic acid and urea significantly increased the aroma-Weiner index (P0.05) of microbial community. Urea significantly decreased Ruminococcus albusococcus flavefaciens in rumen. The abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Butyrivibrio fibrosolvens was P0.01). The product acetyl hydroxamic acid alleviated the decrease of the cellulolytic bacteria abundance caused by the addition of urea in the early stage of fermentation. The addition of urea significantly increased P0. 01 Pseudomonas sp. Streptococcus sp. Haemophilus. The abundance of the genus Neisseria and Actinomyces decreased significantly after the addition of acetyl hydroxamic acid. The synthesis of urease inhibitor acetyl hydroxamic acid was optimized. Acetyl hydroxamic acid was beneficial to urea nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of dairy cattle. Acetohydroxamic acid caused the increase of rumen bacterial diversity in a short period of time and alleviated the phenomenon that the growth of rumen fibrinolytic bacteria was blocked due to the instantaneous accumulation of ammonia. The Urea decomposing bacteria with high rumen abundance were mainly distributed in Pseudomonas sp. Streptococcus sp. Haemophilus. In the genus Neisseria and Actinomyces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S823.5

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