本文關(guān)鍵詞：全株玉米青貯品質(zhì)評價及其對肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品質(zhì)的影響　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 全株玉米青貯 青貯質(zhì)量評價 肉牛 肉質(zhì)評價 經(jīng)濟效益

【摘要】：本研究利用實驗室小袋青貯研究了玉米品種和收獲期、青貯添加劑對全株玉米青貯質(zhì)量的影響并對比了不同青貯日糧對肉牛育肥性能和牛肉品質(zhì)的影響,以期為全株玉米青貯的科學生產(chǎn)及其在肉牛生產(chǎn)中合理利用提供科學依據(jù)。試驗1:通過實驗室袋裝青貯制作和青貯品質(zhì)評價,研究玉米品種(5個)和收獲期(3個時期)對全株玉米青貯產(chǎn)量、發(fā)酵品質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)價值的影響。結(jié)果顯示:全株玉米的干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量和營養(yǎng)成分受玉米品種和成熟期的影響,其中蠟熟期的干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量最大;全株玉米青貯的發(fā)酵品質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)成分受玉米品種和成熟期的影響,其中完熟期青貯的氨態(tài)氮、乳酸、乙酸和有機酸含量低于乳熟期和蠟熟期青貯,乳熟期青貯的淀粉含量較低而NDF和ADF含量較高。試驗2:通過實驗室袋裝青貯制作和青貯品質(zhì)評價,研究不同乳酸菌青貯添加劑(YZB、WSS、XLW、RCL、RFR、RCF)對全株玉米青貯發(fā)酵品質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)價值的影響。結(jié)果顯示:添加乳酸菌青貯添加劑YZB、WSS、XLW、RFR使全株玉米青貯的乳酸和有機酸含量下降,而添加劑RCF則提高了青貯乳酸和有機酸含量;不同乳酸菌青貯添加劑均使全株玉米青貯的淀粉含量出現(xiàn)不同程度的降低,且對青貯纖維組分有一定的影響。試驗3:通過實驗室袋裝青貯制作和青貯品質(zhì)評價,研究不同類型青貯添加劑(菌劑、酶制劑、酸制劑、銨鹽)對全株玉米青貯發(fā)酵品質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)價值的影響。結(jié)果顯示:添加乳酸菌、纖維素酶、氯化銨等添加劑使全株玉米青貯的乳酸和有機酸含量升高且pH值降低(乳酸菌劑除外),而添加有機酸劑則降低了青貯的氨態(tài)氮、乳酸、乙酸和有機酸含量;添加纖維素酶制劑降低了全株玉米青貯的淀粉含量而提高了 NDF、ADF和灰分的比例。試驗4:本試驗通過體外產(chǎn)氣量試驗來研究青貯乳酸菌對體外瘤胃發(fā)酵的影響。先后以不同發(fā)酵底物和在培養(yǎng)液中添加不同類型(同型RCL和異型發(fā)酵RFR)和劑量(105、106、107 CFU/mL)乳酸菌開展3個產(chǎn)氣量試驗。結(jié)果顯示:添加RCL乳酸菌添加劑的全株玉米青貯的體外瘤胃產(chǎn)氣速率和24h產(chǎn)氣量低于添加RFR乳酸菌添加劑的全株玉米青貯;培養(yǎng)液中添加不同(發(fā)酵類型、添加量)的乳酸菌青貯添加劑對體外瘤胃發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣量和揮發(fā)酸含量的影響不同,有的升高有的降低。試驗5:選取60頭渤海黑牛雜交一代閹牛,隨機均分為5個等氮日糧處理組,分別是全株玉米青貯組、全株玉米加菌青貯組、無穗玉米青貯組、無穗玉米加菌青貯組和無穗玉米青貯+當量玉米組(按草谷比1.5:1添加),試驗為期18周,比較各組肉牛的生長性能、血液指標和生產(chǎn)效益。結(jié)果顯示:與無穗玉米(加菌)青貯組相比,全株玉米(加菌)青貯組肉牛在育肥前期(62天)的增重性能和經(jīng)濟收益較好(增加2-2.5元/天·頭);與無穗玉米青貯+當量玉米組相比,雖然全株玉米青貯組肉牛在生長性能上無差異,但其育肥效益較好;與不加菌青貯組(全株與無穗)相比,加菌青貯組肉牛在生長性能上無差異,而育肥效益略有提升。與其他日糧組相比,無穗玉米加菌青貯組肉牛血液超氧化物歧化酶含量和總抗氧化能力較低。試驗6:飼養(yǎng)試驗(試驗5)結(jié)束后,每個日糧處理組隨機挑選10頭牛進行屠宰分割,測定屠宰性能并取12-13肋外脊肉樣用于后續(xù)的肉質(zhì)分析。結(jié)果顯示:全株玉米加菌青貯組肉牛的屠宰率高于無穗玉米青貯組、無穗玉米加菌青貯組和無穗玉米青貯+當量玉米組且全株玉米青貯組肉牛的屠宰率高于無穗玉米加菌青貯組,其他屠宰性能指標組間無差異;各日糧處理組肉牛在牛肉感官品質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)價值的各項指標上均無差異;無穗玉米青貯+當量玉米組牛肉的丙二醛和蛋白質(zhì)羰基含量高于全株玉米青貯組、無穗玉米青貯組和無穗玉米加菌青貯組,同時其糖酵解潛能低于全株玉米加菌青貯組、無穗玉米青貯組和無穗玉米加菌青貯組。綜合所述,全株玉米青貯品質(zhì)因玉米品種和成熟期不同而異,蠟熟期制作全株玉米青貯可獲得最大單位面積產(chǎn)能;添加復合乳酸菌、纖維素酶、氯化銨等添加劑可促進全株玉米青貯發(fā)酵,而添加有機酸劑則抑制了青貯發(fā)酵;培養(yǎng)液中添加一定劑量的同型發(fā)酵乳酸菌對體外瘤胃發(fā)酵具有潛在的促進作用。與無穗玉米(加菌)青貯相比,全株玉米青貯在肉牛育肥前期使用更加經(jīng)濟劃算;與無穗玉米青貯+當量玉米相比,全株玉米青貯可獲得較高的育肥效益;與不加菌青貯(全株與無穗)相比,加菌青貯對肉牛育肥收益有一定提升作用;全株與無穗玉米(加菌)青貯對肉牛的屠宰性能(除屠宰率外)和牛肉品質(zhì)(除抗氧化性能外)基本沒有影響。
[Abstract]:Study on the maize varieties and harvest stage in this study using laboratory bag silage, effects of Silage Additives on corn silage quality and compared the different silage diet on beef cattle fattening performance and beef quality, in order to whole plant corn silage production in beef cattle production science and reasonable to provide scientific basis for the utilization. The 1: bag silage production and laboratory silage quality evaluation of Maize Varieties (5) and harvest (3 periods) on the yield of whole plant corn silage, fermentation quality and nutrition value. The results showed that the dry matter yield and nutrient composition of whole plant corn affected maize varieties and mature period. The dough stage dry matter yield maximum; fermentation quality and nutrition of maize silage affected maize varieties and maturity, the ammonia nitrogen, ripe stage silage lactic acid, acetic acid and organic acid The content is lower than the milk stage and dough stage silages, starch content in milk stage silage lower NDF and higher ADF content. Through laboratory test of 2: bag silage production and silage quality evaluation of different lactic acid bacteria Silage Additives (YZB, WSS, XLW, RCL, RFR, RCF) influence on Quan Zhuyu rice silage fermentation quality and nutritional value. The results showed that adding lactic acid bacteria Silage Additives YZB, WSS, XLW, RFR makes the whole corn silage lactic acid and organic acid content decreased, while the additive RCF can improve the silage lactic acid and organic acid content; different lactic acid bacteria silage additive showed that starch content of maize silage appears to reduce in different degrees, and the silage fiber components have a certain influence. Through laboratory tests of 3: bag silage production and silage quality evaluation of different types of Silage Additives (bacteria, enzyme, acid agent, ammonium salt) on maize silage hair Effect of fermentation quality and nutrition value. The results showed that adding lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, ammonium chloride and other additives to make whole corn silage lactic acid and organic acid content increased and pH decreased (except lactic acid bacteria), and adding organic acid agent reduced the ammonia nitrogen, silage lactic acid, acetic acid and organic acid content; the addition of cellulase decreased the starch content of maize silage and increased NDF, ADF and ash ratio. 4: test this test by gas production test in vitro to study the effect of silage lactic acid bacteria on rumen fermentation in vitro. According to different substrate and add different types in medium (with RCL and heterofermentation) and RFR dose (105106107 CFU/mL) 3 gas production test in lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that corn silage adding additive RCL of lactic acid bacteria in vitro rumen gas production rate and gas production to add RFR low 24h The whole Corn Silage Additives of lactic acid bacteria; medium adding different (adding fermentation type) of lactic acid bacteria Silage Additives have different effects on in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production of volatile acids, some others decreased. The test 5: increased from 60 head of Bohai black cattle crossbred steers were randomly divided into 5 equal nitrogen dietary treatments, respectively, corn silage group, whole plant corn silage and silage corn group, no group, no ear of corn silage and silage corn + group and non equivalent group (add corn than 1.5:1 in Grass Valley). The experiment lasted for 18 weeks, compared the growth performance of beef cattle. The blood index and production efficiency. The results showed that: no corn (bacteria) silage group, whole plant corn silage group (bacteria) in beef cattle fattening (62 days) weight increase performance and better economic benefits (increased 2-2.5 yuan / day - head); and no silage corn + equivalent jade M group, although the whole corn silage group in beef cattle growth performance is no difference, but the benefit is good and not fattening; silage group (whole plant and panicle) compared with silage group in beef cattle growth performance is no difference, but with slight increase fertilizer efficiency compared with other dietary groups. No, corn silage plus group of cattle blood superoxide dismutase content and total antioxidant capacity is low. Test 6: feeding experiment (Experiment 5) after the end of each dietary treatment group randomly selected 10 cows were slaughtered by segmentation, slaughter performance and take 12-13 samples for subsequent analysis of rib rib meat. Display: whole plant without silage corn silage and corn group group was higher than that of beef cattle slaughter, no corn silage and silage corn + group and non equivalent group of corn and corn silage group of beef cattle slaughter rate higher than corn silage plus other slaughter group. No difference in performance index between groups; each dietary treatment group showed no significant difference in the indexes of beef beef sensory quality and nutritional value; no silage corn + equivalent corn beef group of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content was higher than that of whole corn silage group, no silage corn group and non corn silage plus group. At the same time the glycolytic potential is lower than that of whole plant corn silage without adding bacteria group, silage corn group and corn silage plus group. Above all, the whole corn silage quality for maize varieties and maturity varies, making the dough stage of whole plant corn silage can obtain the largest capacity per unit area; adding compound lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, ammonium chloride and other additives can promote maize silage fermentation, and adding organic acid inhibited the silage fermentation; cultivation of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria added certain amounts of liquid has potential on in vitro rumen fermentation In the role. And no corn silage (bacteria) compared with corn silage in beef cattle fattening is more cost-effective; compared with non silage corn + equivalent corn, corn silage can obtain higher efficiency and fattening; without bacteria silage (whole plant and panicle) compared. Add silage have certain promotion effect on beef cattle fattening income; whole plant and ear of corn (bacteria) silage for beef cattle slaughter performance (except slaughter rate) and beef quality (except antioxidant performance had no effect).

【學位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S823.5

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