本文關(guān)鍵詞：新疆四個(gè)石榴栽培品種種子的萌發(fā)特性及氧化模式的變化　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 石榴種子 暖溫層積 生理休眠 活性氧 清除酶

【摘要】：石榴(Punica granatum L.)是一種重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,在世界各地廣泛種植。近年來(lái),石榴產(chǎn)業(yè)在新疆發(fā)展迅速,但品質(zhì)差、產(chǎn)量低仍是制約新疆石榴產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素。種子是植物最重要的遺傳資源,闡明種子的結(jié)構(gòu)、休眠機(jī)制和萌發(fā)特性對(duì)選育和開發(fā)植物優(yōu)良品種意義重大。本課題選取新疆石榴產(chǎn)區(qū)的喀什-阿克齊石榴(Ⅰ)、葉城-酸石榴(Ⅱ)、和田-策勒1號(hào)(Ⅲ)和吐魯番-酸石榴(Ⅳ)四個(gè)主要栽培品種,系統(tǒng)研究了其種子的外部形態(tài)、內(nèi)部解剖結(jié)構(gòu)、吸水特性和萌發(fā)特性,并對(duì)種子在打破休眠過(guò)程中次生代謝產(chǎn)物含量及酶活性變化的模式進(jìn)行了深入探究,主要結(jié)果如下：(1)分別比較了新疆四個(gè)石榴品種種子的外部形態(tài)特征和不同階段、不同處理的種子解剖結(jié)構(gòu)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,四個(gè)石榴栽培品種種子的顏色和形狀相似,顏色呈乳白色,形狀為不規(guī)則的鈍角形。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ三個(gè)品種的種子的長(zhǎng)度、寬度和百粒重與Ⅳ品種種子之問(wèn)存在顯著性差異,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ三個(gè)品種種子之間無(wú)顯著性差異。四個(gè)石榴品種種子可分為種皮和胚兩部分,其中,休眠期種胚的兩片子葉較萌發(fā)期旋卷緊密；由蒸餾水處理后萌發(fā)的種胚發(fā)育正常,但經(jīng)外源H202和NO處理后萌發(fā)的種子的子葉均表現(xiàn)出明顯彎曲,表明H202和NO可能參與胚的發(fā)育過(guò)程。(2)通過(guò)比較不同處理方法對(duì)石榴種子的萌發(fā)影響,探明石榴種子的休眠類型。成熟的四個(gè)石榴栽培品種的種子的萌發(fā)百分比僅為16%-20%。干燥儲(chǔ)藏(后熟)、低溫干藏、外源NO、H2O2、外源激素、濃H28O4酸蝕、濃H2SO4酸蝕+低溫層積、低溫層積以及暖溫+低溫層積均可在不同程度上起到促進(jìn)石榴種子萌發(fā)的作用,其中濃H2SO4中浸泡40 min+低溫層積2個(gè)月可使萌發(fā)百分比達(dá)到65%,而暖溫層積(1-3個(gè)月)+低溫層積(2個(gè)月)可使萌發(fā)百分比升高至75%-80%。上述不同處理方式對(duì)石榴種子萌發(fā)的結(jié)果表明石榴種子的胚發(fā)育完全,且種皮具有透水性,可排除物理休眠、形態(tài)休眠和形態(tài)生理休眠。結(jié)合外源激素處理和酸蝕可有效促進(jìn)種子萌發(fā)的結(jié)果,表明石榴種子的休眠類型屬于生理休眠類型。(3)確定了暖溫+低溫層積組合處理和低溫層積處理打破石榴種子休眠過(guò)程中,種胚內(nèi)部的氧化模式的變化。分別研究了暖溫層積1-42天,然后低溫層積7、28或56天,以及低溫層積1-84天過(guò)程中,種胚NO、脯氨酸、H2O2、MDA的含量、蛋白羰基化的程度和三種ROS清除酶(SOD、CAT和POD)的活性變化規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明,暖溫+低溫層積組合處理可有效打破石榴種子休眠,萌發(fā)百分比最高可達(dá)85%,而低溫層積處理則最大達(dá)到50%,這可能是由于暖溫+低溫層積組合處理使胚中H2O2、NO、脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化和蛋白質(zhì)羰基化的變化更為激烈從而打破了休眠,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)了萌發(fā)。(4)與低溫層積相比,暖溫+低溫層積組合處理可引起SOD、CAT和POD三種ROS清除酶活性更顯著的改變,它們的變化規(guī)律均呈現(xiàn)出先增強(qiáng)后減弱的趨勢(shì)。這些結(jié)果表明,ROS清除酶可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)種胚中ROS的水平起到促進(jìn)種子萌發(fā)的作用。此外,在暖溫+低溫層積組合處理過(guò)程中,較高的脯氨酸含量也有助于打破種子休眠并進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)萌發(fā)。(5)暖溫+低溫層積組合處理可有效打破石榴種子的休眠,其原因與此過(guò)程中種胚中的H2O2、MO、MDA、脯氨酸和蛋白質(zhì)羰基化等因素的氧化變化和活性氧清除酶的活性變化直接有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important economic crop, widely cultivated in the world. In recent years, the rapid development of pomegranate industry in Xinjiang, but the poor quality, low yield is still the important factors restricting Xinjiang pomegranate industry development. The most important is the seed of plant genetic resources, to elucidate the structure of seed germination and dormancy mechanism. The characteristics of breeding and development of plant varieties of major significance. This paper takes Kashi - Xinjiang pomegranate Akzin S (I), (II) - Yecheng sour pomegranate, and Tian - Qira No. 1 (III) and (IV) - Turpan sour pomegranate four main cultivars, studied the seed morphology internal, anatomical structure, water absorption and germination characteristics of the seeds, and in breaking the changes in metabolite content and enzyme activity of secondary dormancy mode in the process of in-depth study, the main results are as follows: (1) compare Xinjiang four The morphological characteristics of pomegranate seeds and in different stages, different treatments of seed anatomy. The experimental results show that four cultivars of pomegranate seed color and similar shape, color is milky white, the shape is an obtuse angle shape irregular. I, II and III seeds of three varieties of length, significant differences in width and 100 seed weight and seed and I asked the IV, there was no significant difference between II and III three seed varieties. Four varieties of pomegranate seeds can be divided into two parts, testa and embryo which is the germination period of dormancy embryo convolute closely two cotyledons; embryo germination by distilled water after the treatment of normal development, but by exogenous H202 and NO treatment of seed germination and cotyledon showed obvious bending, showed that the development process of H202 and NO may be involved in embryo. (2) through the comparison of different treatment methods on Seed Germination Effect of pomegranate, pomegranate proven The germination percentage of seed dormancy. Four mature pomegranate cultivars of seed is only 16%-20%. dry storage, dry storage at low temperature (ripening), exogenous NO, H2O2, exogenous hormones, concentrated H28O4 acid, concentrated H2SO4 acid + cold stratification, cold stratification and warm + cold stratification can to promote the role of pomegranate seed germination in different degrees, which were soaked in 40 min+ thick H2SO4 cold stratification for 2 months can make the germination percentage reached 65%, while the warm stratification (1-3 months) + cold stratification (2 months) the germination percentage increased to 75%-80%. the different processing methods of pomegranate the results showed that the seed germination of pomegranate seed embryo development completely, and kind of leather is permeable to water, can eliminate physical dormancy, dormancy and morphological morphological and physiological dormancy. Combined with exogenous hormone treatment and acid can effectively promote the results of seed germination showed that pomegranate seed dormancy, belong to Physiological dormancy. (3) the warm + cold stratification treatment and cold stratification to break the seed dormancy process, change embryo internal oxidation mode were studied. Warm stratification 1-42 days, and then cold stratification for 7,28 or 56 days, 1-84 days and cold stratification process in embryo NO, proline, H2O2, MDA content, protein carbonylation level and three kinds of ROS scavenging enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) activity changes. The results show that the warm + cold stratification combined treatment can effectively break the pomegranate seed dormancy, germination percentage up to 85%, while the low temperature the stratification is up to 50%, this may be due to the warm + cold stratification combined treatment for embryo H2O2, NO, changes of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation is more intense to break dormancy and promote germination. (4) compared with the low temperature stratification, warm + cold stratification combination at Daniel may cause SOD, CAT and POD three ROS scavenging enzyme activity more significant changes, the changes of them showed first increased and then decreased trend. These results suggest that ROS scavenging enzymes by adjusting the embryo ROS level play a role in promoting seed germination. In addition, in the warm temperature and low temperature laminated combination process, higher proline content also helps to break the seed dormancy and promote germination. (5) warm + cold stratification combined treatment can effectively break the seed dormancy, and the reason in the process of embryo in H2O2, MO, MDA, proline and protein carbonylation the factors of oxidation changes and active oxygen scavenging enzyme activity changes directly related.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S665.4

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