本文關(guān)鍵詞：油菜凍害衛(wèi)星遙感監(jiān)測與評估方法研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 油菜 凍害 遙感 災(zāi)害評估 環(huán)境減災(zāi)衛(wèi)星 中等分辨率成像光譜儀

【摘要】：油菜在我國位居油料作物之首,我國油菜的播種面積和產(chǎn)量均居世界第二位,其中約90%為冬油菜。越冬期是冬油菜必然經(jīng)歷的物候階段,因而具有發(fā)生凍害的風險。傳統(tǒng)意義上的油菜凍害監(jiān)測與評估都是由工作人員到田間實地調(diào)查得到凍害指數(shù),不僅耗時、成本高,且代表性差。遙感是及時獲取大范圍地表信息的有效有段,在作物災(zāi)害監(jiān)測與評估領(lǐng)域具有明顯的優(yōu)勢。本研究選取傳統(tǒng)的冬油菜主產(chǎn)區(qū)——安徽省作為研究區(qū)域,基于中等分辨率成像光譜儀MODIS/MERIS、國產(chǎn)環(huán)境減災(zāi)衛(wèi)星HJ-CCD/IRS等多種遙感數(shù)據(jù)源,以明確記載有油菜凍害發(fā)生的典型年份作為研究案例,探索針對油菜凍害的多角度評估方法,研究時相包括2003-2004、2009-2010和2010-2011三個生長季。主要的研究內(nèi)容以及取得的主要成果包括以下幾個方面:(1)基于日最低氣溫指標的油菜凍害發(fā)生區(qū)域判斷本文從油菜凍害的致災(zāi)因子——日最低氣溫出發(fā),綜合利用MODIS遙感數(shù)據(jù)、地面氣象觀測資料和基礎(chǔ)地理數(shù)據(jù),采用星地多源數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合的解決思路,依據(jù)各等級油菜凍害的致災(zāi)溫度國家標準,對于可能會有凍害發(fā)生的區(qū)域進行判斷。以2004年1月下旬及2月上旬發(fā)生的油菜凍害為例,論文分晴空與云覆蓋兩種情況討論了對研究區(qū)域全覆蓋的日最低氣溫分布數(shù)據(jù)的獲取方法。對于晴空條件,本文通過建立日最低氣溫與晴空下LST、NDVI及儒略日(DOY)之間的多元線性回歸方程來估算其空間分布,以2000-2014年間冬季三個月每日獲取的數(shù)據(jù)為輸入用于建模及驗證。結(jié)果顯示對于日最低氣溫的估算效果,基于前一天夜間所獲取的Terra-LST建立的估算方程具有最佳的表現(xiàn),其次為當日白天獲取的Terra-LST、白天Aqua-LST和夜間Aqua-LST。對于陰天條件,本文采用旬低溫(旬內(nèi)平均日最低氣溫)背景網(wǎng)格推算+凍害年份低溫距平調(diào)整+殘差空間化方法逐步擬合云下的最低氣溫分布場,該方法首先基于經(jīng)度、緯度、海拔、坡度和坡向等地理要素數(shù)據(jù)來推算安徽全省冬季各旬(12月上旬至次年3月上旬)常年低溫水平的空間分布。在HANTS濾波的支持下基于8天合成的LST產(chǎn)品(MOD11A2)來模擬凍害發(fā)生年份指定旬與常年(2000-2014年)同時期低溫程度的距平,而后利用安徽省78個縣級氣象站的氣溫觀測數(shù)據(jù)將各低溫日期的最低氣溫與災(zāi)害年份旬低溫水平之間的殘差進行空間化。本文以地理要素數(shù)據(jù)為輸入分別考查了多元線性回歸以及隨機森林非線性回歸方法對低溫殘差的估算效果,結(jié)果顯示隨機森林模型對殘差的估算精度明顯要優(yōu)于多元線性回歸方法,故采用該方法將各站點處的低溫殘差擴展到整個研究區(qū)域。以晴空下的最低氣溫估算結(jié)果為主體,利用云下的推算結(jié)果作為補充,從而得到每個低溫日期上對研究區(qū)域全覆蓋的1 km分辨率的最低氣溫分布。由于國家標準中尚未對低溫的持續(xù)時間進行定義,本文采用冷積溫指標,即低溫時段內(nèi)每日最低氣溫的累加值來判斷可能會有油菜凍害發(fā)生的區(qū)域。結(jié)果顯示冷積溫能夠捕捉到出現(xiàn)在皖北地區(qū)(主要是宿州市一帶)以及江淮地區(qū)(主要為合肥及滁州地區(qū))的低溫分布狀況,且通過與各氣象站的觀測值進行比較(相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.810,P0.01,RMSE=8.6℃),冷積溫的估算取得了較好的效果。(2)油菜的遙感識別與提取油菜從始花期到盛花期綠度出現(xiàn)下降,在植被指數(shù)時間序列剖面上呈現(xiàn)為"谷"的特征,區(qū)別于同時期生長的其他冬季作物(主要為冬小麥),基于這兩個物候時期油菜所特有的綠度變化趨勢可以實現(xiàn)其種植區(qū)域的提取�？紤]到不同地區(qū)生長的油菜物候期并不同步,本文基于8天合成的MODIS-NDVI時間序列數(shù)據(jù),在S-G濾波平滑的基礎(chǔ)上,通過識別不同地區(qū)始花期和盛花期的開始時間從而分區(qū)域提取出安徽全省油菜的分布,并且依據(jù)統(tǒng)計年鑒所記錄的市級油菜種植面積數(shù)據(jù)對提取結(jié)果進行了檢驗。當凍害較為嚴重時,受凍后的油菜在花期時植株趨于低矮、花朵稀疏,在30 m像元分辨率尺度上與冬小麥容易混淆,極易造成對實際種植面積的低估,此外農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害評估又具有現(xiàn)勢性要求。結(jié)合合肥當?shù)赜筒松a(chǎn)的實際情況,針對該問題本文提出了基準種植區(qū)域+越冬作物掩膜調(diào)整方法,采用相鄰正常生長季(未有凍害發(fā)生)的油菜分布作為基準,基于越冬作物從出苗到越冬前生長的特性建立掩膜來調(diào)整基準種植區(qū)域,將得到的結(jié)果用來表示凍害發(fā)生年份越冬時期的油菜分布,并且依據(jù)油菜播種面積統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)對其進行檢驗。(3)油菜凍害災(zāi)情的遙感評估對于2004年發(fā)生的油菜凍害,在MODIS像元尺度上借助于時間序列剖面分析了 4種廣泛采用的植被指數(shù)對于凍害的敏感性。結(jié)果顯示,NDVI和GNDVI的表現(xiàn)要優(yōu)于EVI和SAVI這兩個植被指數(shù),相比之下NDVI對于凍害影響的表現(xiàn)更為充分。MODIS數(shù)據(jù)具有較長的時間序列連續(xù)性,適合采用植被指數(shù)距平法評估凍害災(zāi)情。選取相鄰幾個正常生長季(2001-2006不含2004年)同時期的平均長勢水平作為基準,采用NDVI年際標準差來表示長勢的正常年際波動,將凍害影響后的長勢水平相對于基準水平的百分比差異用來描述凍害的災(zāi)情程度。由于缺乏田間實測的災(zāi)情數(shù)據(jù),本文選取全省47個油菜主產(chǎn)縣區(qū)的平均凍害程度與相應(yīng)的冷積溫進行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明二者之間具有顯著的相關(guān)性(r= 0.378,P0.01),從而一定程度上支持了災(zāi)情的評估結(jié)果。MODIS空間分辨率較低,適合開展大范圍油菜凍害的篩查,但對于市(縣)區(qū)域的油菜凍害遙感監(jiān)測與評估,需要采用更高空間分辨率的數(shù)據(jù)進行研究。綜合考慮現(xiàn)有遙感資料的空間和時間分辨率,對于2010年和2011年初發(fā)生的油菜凍害,本文嘗試采用國產(chǎn)環(huán)境減災(zāi)衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)進行凍害評估。選取由HJ-CCD的4個工作波段構(gòu)建的8個常用的植被指數(shù)作為候選的凍害評估指標。利用2009-2010生長季災(zāi)后相對于災(zāi)前時相各植被指數(shù)的變化量較正常生長季(2008-2009)同時期變化量的歸一化差異直方圖曲線來判斷不同植被指數(shù)對于凍害的敏感性。結(jié)果表明在30m空間分辨率尺度上,NDVI和GNDVI較其他植被指數(shù)同樣具有更高的敏感性,相比較而言GNDVI的敏感程度更高,因而適合作為凍害的評估指標。基于災(zāi)后時相相對于基準水平的GNDVI百分比差異來判斷凍害發(fā)生年份的災(zāi)情等級,對于2011年1月份發(fā)生的油菜凍害,本文選取合肥市9個苗情監(jiān)測點實測的田間凍害指數(shù)對結(jié)果進行了驗證,分析表明遙感評估得到的凍害程度與田間實測凍害指數(shù)之間具有較高的相關(guān)度(r =-0.698,P0.05)。采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析方法和統(tǒng)計分析方法,本文考查了一些自然因素和作物自身條件對凍害災(zāi)情程度的影響,結(jié)果顯示南坡向和西坡向種植的油菜災(zāi)情相對更為嚴重,幾個因素對災(zāi)情影響程度的大小由高到低依次為:災(zāi)前長勢、土壤濕度、最冷日期的地表溫度和海拔高度。(4)新的凍害敏感指數(shù)的構(gòu)建本文基于中等分辨率成像光譜儀MODIS和MERIS波段所構(gòu)建的幾個生理變量敏感植被指數(shù),在1 km級分辨率尺度上考察了這些指數(shù)對于低溫脅迫的響應(yīng)模式及其凍害敏感性差異。所選取的指數(shù)包括MODIS-PRI(表征光合速率)、NDWI(表征冠層濕度),以及MERIS-MTCI(表征冠層葉綠素含量)、REP(紅邊位置)與LAI(葉面積指數(shù))。結(jié)果顯示PRI對于低溫脅迫響應(yīng)非常強烈,間接表明光合作用對于凍害敏感;油菜受凍之后NDWI呈現(xiàn)為異常上升的趨勢,據(jù)此推測凍害導(dǎo)致了冠層失水;LAI對于凍害響應(yīng)遲鈍,其數(shù)值不僅降幅較小且低溫過后迅速恢復(fù);低溫過程并未引起MERIS-MTCI與REP的降低或者削弱,推測凍害可能并未引起葉綠素水平的降低。低溫顯著地抑制了 MTCI數(shù)值水平的上升,而REP幾乎未受到低溫的影響,引入紅邊波段構(gòu)建的紅邊NDVI對于低溫脅迫的敏感程度要低于標準NDVI。基于上述發(fā)現(xiàn),本文選取MODIS-L1B級數(shù)據(jù)中對植被光合作用以及冠層濕度較為敏感的7個波段,在不同凍害等級的隨機分層抽樣樣本的支持下,通過最佳指數(shù)(theoptimal index factor,OIF)分析方法篩選出其第5、11和12波段組合構(gòu)建并且提出了新的凍害敏感植被指數(shù)MFISI(MODIS Freezing Injury Sensitive Index)。該指數(shù)能夠同時響應(yīng)植被的光合作用與冠層濕度參數(shù),具有明確的生理學(xué)意義;且由于兩種生理指標在遙感水平上對于凍害均敏感,新指數(shù)能夠明確地展現(xiàn)凍害的影響,其數(shù)值的空間分布圖具有豐富的地物細節(jié)信息;新指數(shù)在凍害災(zāi)情的預(yù)判以及凍害發(fā)展趨勢的預(yù)測方面,其表現(xiàn)要優(yōu)于廣泛應(yīng)用的NDVI。
[Abstract]:In our country in the rapeseed oil crop in the first, China's rapeseed acreage and output ranked second in the world, of which about 90% of winter rapeseed. Winter is phenological stages of winter rape inevitable, thus has the risk of freezing injury. The traditional sense of the damage monitoring and assessment of rape are from the staff the field investigation by freezing index, not only time-consuming, high cost and poor representation. Remote sensing is a effective and timely access to a wide range of surface information, has obvious advantages in the field of monitoring and assessment of crop disasters. This study selected the traditional winter rapeseed in Anhui Province as the study area, the medium resolution imaging spectrometer based on MODIS/MERIS, HJ-CCD/IRS and other domestic environmental mitigation satellite remote sensing data source, with clear records of typical years rape frost damage occurs as a case study, to explore for rape and freeze Multi angle evaluation method of phase including 2003-20042009-2010 and 2010-2011 three in growing season. The main research contents and main results obtained include the following aspects: (1) to determine the area of injury occurred rape daily minimum temperature index from the rape frost disaster causing factors -- Based on the minimum temperature, the comprehensive utilization of MODIS remote sensing data and the ground meteorological observation data and the basic geographic data, using the solution with multi-source data satellite phase, according to the level of damage caused by the national standard of rape disaster for temperature, there may be frost damage area to damage judgment. Rape took place in late January 2004 and early February as an example, the clear sky and cloud cover two a discussion on the methods of obtaining the study area full coverage of the daily minimum temperature distribution data. For the clear condition, based on the minimum Warm and clear sky under LST, NDVI and Julian day (DOY) between the multiple linear regression equation to estimate the spatial distribution of the 2000-2014 during the winters of three months daily data as input for modeling and verification. The results show that for the estimation of the effect of daily minimum temperature, the equation for estimating the day before the establishment of Terra-LST night based on the best performance, followed by the date obtained during the day Terra-LST, day Aqua-LST and night Aqua-LST. for the cloudy conditions, at low temperature (within ten days average daily minimum temperature) + low temperature freezing background grid calculation year anomaly adjustment + residual space method step by step fitting under the cloud minimum temperature distribution field, firstly based on the longitude, latitude, altitude, slope and aspect of geographic data elements to calculate each year in Anhui province in winter (from early December to early March next year) the spatial distribution of perennial cold water flat. 8 days of synthesis of LST products based on HANTS filtering support (MOD11A2) to simulate the damage occurrence in late specified and perennial (2000-2014 years) during the same period of low temperature anomaly, and then use the 78 Anhui county meteorological station temperature observation data of the residual between the date of the minimum temperature and the low temperature disaster year ten low level of space. According to the geographic elements as input data are examined to estimate the effect of multiple linear regression and nonlinear regression method of random forest to low temperature residuals, results show that the estimation accuracy of the residual random forest model was obviously superior to the multiple linear regression method, so the use of the method of low temperature residual each site is extended to the entire study area. The minimum temperature estimates under the sky as the main body, the calculation results under the cloud as a supplement, in order to get on each date on low temperature The minimum temperature distribution of full coverage of the 1 km resolution. The national standard definition has not been on the low temperature duration, the cold accumulated temperature index, which is the sum of low temperature period daily minimum temperature value to determine the likely rape the frozen disaster area. The results show that cold accumulated temperature can capture in Northern Anhui (mainly Suzhou area) and Jianghuai region (mainly in Hefei and Chuzhou area) the temperature distribution, and through the observation and the weather station were compared (correlation coefficient r=0.810, P0.01, RMSE=8.6, c) estimation of cold temperature and achieved good results. (2) the remote sensing identification and extraction of rape rape from flowering to flowering green declined, showing "Valley" feature in the time series of vegetation index profile, different from the other and winter crop growth period (mainly winter wheat), based on the two The planting area extraction green trend peculiar to a period of rape. The phenological growth taking into account the different phenological period of rape is not synchronized, the 8 day composite MODIS-NDVI based on the time series data, based on S-G filtering, through different flowering and flowering area identification start time to the region extract the distribution of Anhui Province rape, rape and municipal according to statistical yearbook recorded data on the planting area extraction results were tested. When the damage is more serious, after freezing rape during flowering plants tended to be low, the flower is sparse, at 30 m resolution on the scale of winter wheat and easily confused, extremely easy to cause underestimation of the actual planting area, in addition to agricultural disaster assessment also has new requirements. Combined with the actual situation of Hefei local rape production, is proposed in this paper to solve this problem The planting area of winter crop base + mask adjustment method, the adjacent normal growth season (no frost damage) the distribution of rape as a benchmark, from emergence to winter crops before winter growth characteristics are set up to adjust the reference mask based on the planting area, the result will be used to describe the distribution of frost occurrence in winter rape period. And on the basis of inspection of the rape planting area statistics. (3) remote sensing assessment for freezing rape rape frost disaster occurred on 2004, in MODIS pixel scale by time sequence profile analysis of 4 kinds of widely used for freezing vegetation index sensitivity. The results showed that NDVI and GNDVI outperformed EVI and this two SAVI vegetation index, compared with NDVI for the freezing effect performance is more continuous full time series.MODIS data has a long, suitable for vegetation index Anomaly assessment method of freeze injury. Select several adjacent normal growth season (2001-2006 excluding 2004) the average growth level of the same period as the benchmark, the NDVI annual standard deviation of normal annual fluctuation growth, the freezing effect after growth levels relative to the benchmark percentage difference is used to describe the extent of the disaster damage due to disaster data. The lack of field test, the average degree of damage the province's 47 counties and rapeseed cold accumulated temperature corresponding correlation analysis, a significant correlation between the results showed that two (r= 0.378, P0.01), to a certain extent to support the disaster assessment results of.MODIS low spatial resolution, suitable for screening large range of rape frost, but for the city (county) rape damage remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of the region, need to adopt a higher spatial resolution data. Considering the existing remote sensing data in space and time resolution for freezing rape occurred in 2010 and early 2011, this paper attempts to evaluate the damage of domestic environmental mitigation satellite data. Select 8 commonly used vegetation index constructed by the 4 band HJ-CCD as the candidate of the freezing indexes. Using the 2009-2010 growing season changes compared to post disaster disaster when each vegetation index is less than the normal growing season (2008-2009) with changes in the amount of normalized difference histogram curve to determine the different vegetation index for damage sensitivity. The results show that the spatial resolution in the 30m scale, NDVI and GNDVI as compared with other vegetation index has higher sensitivity, contrast sensitivity GNDVI the more high, and therefore suitable as evaluation index. Based on the freezing disaster phase relative to the GNDVI benchmark to determine the percentage difference of hair damage Grade students in the disaster, frost damage occurred in January 2011 for rape, this paper selects Hefei city 9 less monitoring points measured field freezing index to verify the results, the correlation analysis showed that a high degree of damage assessment by remote sensing and field measured freezing index (R =-0.698, P0.05). By using grey relational analysis method and statistical analysis method, this paper investigated the influence of some natural factors and their crop conditions on freeze injury degree, results showed that the south slope and the west slope to rape planting to disaster is relatively more serious, several factors influence the size of the disaster from high to low: pre disaster growth, soil moisture, the most the date of the cold surface temperature and altitude. (4) several physiological variables this paper constructs new frost sensitive index which constructs the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and MERIS band based on MODIS Sensitive vegetation index, at the 1 km level resolution scale to examine the index in response to low temperature stress and damage mode sensitivity differences. The selected index (including MODIS-PRI, NDWI characterization of photosynthetic rate (canopy humidity) characterization and MERIS-MTCI (chlorophyll content), canopy, REP (characterization) and LAI (red edge position) the leaf area index). The results showed that PRI in response to cold stress is very strong, suggesting that photosynthesis for frost sensitive; NDWI showed abnormal rapeseed cold after the rise, presumably freezing leads to canopy water loss; LAI damage response to slow, not only the numerical decline is small and low temperature after rapid recovery; low temperature process did not cause MERIS-MTCI with the decrease of REP that may damage or weaken, did not cause the lower chlorophyll levels. Low temperature rise of MTCI was inhibited by the numerical level, and almost no REP Affected by low temperature, the red edge band of red edge NDVI sensitivity to low temperature stress is lower than the standard NDVI. based on the above findings, this paper selects 7 more sensitive to vegetation photosynthesis and canopy humidity level data in the MODIS-L1B band, in the random stratified sample of different damage level under the support of the best index (theoptimal index factor, OIF) analysis method and screened at 5,11 and 12 band combination construction and puts forward the frost sensitive vegetation index MFISI (MODIS Freezing Injury Sensitive new Index). The index can also response of photosynthesis and canopy humidity parameters of vegetation, has definite physiological significance; and as a result of the two physiological indexes in remote sensing on the level of damage is sensitive, clearly show the damage can affect the new index, the spatial distribution map of its value has rich terrain details The performance of the new index is better than the widely used NDVI. in the prediction of the frost damage and the prediction of the development trend of the frost damage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4;S426;S127

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