本文關鍵詞：不同鋅源調控斷奶仔豬腹瀉機理的研究　出處：《中國農業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 堿式氯化鋅 納米氧化鋅 斷奶仔豬 腹瀉

【摘要】：本論文通過三個試驗研究了堿式氯化鋅和納米氧化鋅在斷奶仔豬上的應用和降低腹瀉的作用機理。試驗一選取180頭初始體重為8.92 ±1.05 kg杜×長×大斷奶仔豬,隨機分為5個處理,每個處理6個重復。各處理斷奶仔豬隨機飼喂玉米-豆粕型基礎日糧+0、1,200、1,800、2,400和3,000mgZn/kg堿式氯化鋅,試驗期28d。結果表明,日糧中添加堿式氯化鋅線性(P0.05)和二次(P0.05)提高了仔豬斷奶后0～14和0～28 d的平均日增重(Average daily gain,ADG)和0～14d的增重耗料比(Gaintofeedratio,G:F),線性(P0.01)和二次(P0.01)降低了0～14、15～28和0～28d的腹瀉率,線性(P0.05或P0.01)提高了血紅蛋白含量、血清中丙氨酸轉移酶和堿性磷酸酶濃度、十二指腸絨毛高度和絨毛高度:隱窩深度、肝臟和腎臟臟器指數、空腸和回腸食糜中乳酸菌和總厭氧菌數量,線性(0.05)降低了盲腸和結腸食糜中大腸桿菌數量和腓骨中錳含量,二次(P0.05或P0.01)改變了仔豬斷奶后15～28 d的ADG和G:F、空腸絨毛高度、肝臟丙二醛濃度、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶活性和總抗氧化能力。試驗二選取216頭初始體重為8.88±1.14 kg杜×長×大斷奶仔豬,隨機分為6個處理,每個處理6個重復(欄)。斷奶仔豬隨機采食玉米-豆粕型基礎日糧+ 2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化鋅和0、300、400、500、600 mg Zn/kg納米氧化鋅14 d,每欄選取一頭仔豬進行屠宰,隨后14 d所有仔豬均飼喂基礎日糧。結果表明,納米氧化鋅線性(P0.01或P0.05)提高了仔豬斷奶后0～14和0～28d的ADG、第14 d血清中的胰島素水平、肝臟中超氧化物歧化酶和金屬硫蛋白含量、回腸和盲腸食糜中乳酸菌數量、乙酸和總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸水平,線性和二次(P0.01和P0.05)提高了仔豬斷奶后第14 d血清中IgG和超氧化物歧化酶水平、盲腸中總厭氧菌數量,線性(P0.05或P0.01)降低了第14 d血清丙二醛水平和回腸總好氧菌數量,線性和二次(P0.01和P0.05)降低了仔豬斷奶后0～14和0～28 d的腹瀉率和第14 d肝臟中丙二醛含量。而在600 mg Zn/kg納米氧化鋅組與2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化鋅組之間,以上提到的指標均無顯著差異(P0.05)。試驗三選取144頭初始體重為7.40±0.84 kg杜×長×大斷奶仔豬,隨機分為4個處理,每個處理6個重復。各處理斷奶仔豬隨機飼喂玉米-豆粕型基礎日糧+0、2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化鋅、1,800 mg Zn/kg堿式氯化鋅和600 mgZn/kg納米氧化鋅,試驗期14 d。結果表明,與對照組相比,日糧中添加1,800 mg Zn/kg堿式氯化鋅和600 mg Zn/kg納米氧化鋅均顯著降低了仔豬斷奶后14 d的腹瀉率、回腸中干擾素-γ(Interferon-gamma,IFN-γ),白介素-1β(Interleukin-1 beta,1L-1β),白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6),腫瘤壞死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNNF-α)和活化B細胞的核因子κ輕鏈增強子(Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells,NF-κB)mRNA 的表達和結腸中微生物菌群的多樣性(P0.05或P0.01),提高了空腸絨毛高度:隱窩深度、空腸中銅-鋅-超氧化物歧化酶(Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,Cu-Zn SOD))、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶 1(Glutathione peroxidase 1,GPX1)、緊密連接蛋白-1(Zonula occludens protein-1,ZO-1)、閉合蛋白(Occludin)、細胞周期依賴激酶4(Cyclin-dependentkinase 4,CDK4)mRNA的表達和結腸中厚壁菌門和乳桿菌屬的相對比例(P0.05或P0.01)。與2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化鋅組相比,1,800 mg Zn/kg堿式氯化鋅組和600 mg Zn/kg納米氧化鋅組的斷奶仔豬在空腸絨毛高度、絨毛高度:隱窩深度、ZO-1、CDK4、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase3)mRNA表達,回腸IFN-γmRNA表達,結腸微生物菌群豐度和核心微生物菌群上均無顯著差異(P0.05)。綜上,本研究表明,斷奶仔豬日糧中連續(xù)28 d添加1,200～1,800 mg Zn/kg堿式氯化鋅能促進生長和降低腹瀉,但超過2,400 mg Zn/kg可能會引起仔豬輕度中毒;600 mg Zn/kg納米氧化鋅在提高斷奶仔豬生長和降低腹瀉上可達到2,000 mg Zn/kg氧化鋅的效果;堿式氯化鋅和納米氧化鋅降低仔豬斷奶腹瀉可能是通過促進腸道發(fā)育、提高腸道抗氧化和屏障功能、抑制腸道炎癥因子表達和調節(jié)腸道微生物菌群豐度和多樣性來實現。
[Abstract]:This paper studied the application of three basic zinc chloride and nano Zinc Oxide in weaned piglets and the mechanism of reducing diarrhea. A test selected 180 head initial body weight was 8.92 + 1.05 kg Duroc * Landrace * Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of each treatment. The treatment of weaned piglets random fed corn - soybean meal based diet +0,1200,1800,2400 and 3000mgZn/kg basic zinc chloride, 28d. test results show that the addition of zinc chloride linear ration (P0.05) and two (P0.05) increased weaning after 0 ~ 14 and 0 ~ 28 d, the average daily weight gain (Average daily, gain, ADG) and 0 ~ 14d weight gain feed consumption ratio (Gaintofeedratio, G:F), linear (P0.01) and two (P0.01) decreased by 0 ~ 14,15 ~ 28 and 0 ~ 28d, the rate of diarrhea, linear (P0.05 or P0.01) to improve the hemoglobin content, enzyme and alkaline phosphatase in serum alanine transfer The concentration of duodenal villus height and villus height, crypt depth, liver and kidney index, the number of lactic acid bacteria and total anaerobic bacteria in jejunum and ileum chyme, linear (0.05) decreased the contents of Mn and the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum and colon digesta of fibula in two (P0.05 or P0.01) changed after weaning 15 28 d ADG and G:F, the villus height of jejunum, liver malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity. Two test selected 216 head initial body weight was 8.88 + 1.14 kg Duroc * Landrace * Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 6 replicates (bar) weaned piglets were. Feed corn - soybean meal based diet + 2000 mg Zn/kg 0300400500600 mg Zn/kg Zinc Oxide and Zinc Oxide 14 nanometer D, each column selected piglets were slaughtered, then 14 d all piglets were fed the basal diet. The results show that nano oxide Linear zinc (P0.01 or P0.05) increased after weaning 0~14 and 0 to 28d ADG fourteenth, D in the serum insulin levels, liver superoxide dismutase and metallothionein content, the number of lactic acid bacteria in ileum and caecum digesta, acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid levels, and two times (P0.01 line and P0.05) increased after weaning fourteenth D serum IgG and superoxide dismutase levels, the number of total anaerobic bacteria in the cecum, linear (P0.05 or P0.01) to reduce the number of fourteenth D serum malondialdehyde level and ileal total aerobic bacteria, linear and two (P0.01 and P0.05) were reduced after weaning 0~14 and 0~28 D and fourteenth D diarrhea rate in liver and the content. In 600 mg Zn/kg and 2000 mg Zn/kg nano Zinc Oxide group Zinc Oxide group, there were no significant differences between the above mentioned indexes (P0.05) test. Three select 144 head initial body weight was 7.40 + 0.84 kg Du x Long * large weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of each treatment. Weaned piglets were fed corn soybean meal based diet +0,2000 mg Zn/kg Zinc Oxide mg, 1800 Zn/kg and 600 mgZn/kg nano zinc chloride 14 d. Zinc Oxide, test results show that, compared with the control group, add 1800 mg Zn/kg basic zinc chloride and 600 mg nano Zn/kg Zinc Oxide diet were significantly decreased by 14 d the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets, interferon gamma in the ileum (Interferon-gamma, IFN-, gamma) interleukin -1 beta (Interleukin-1 beta beta, 1L-1), interleukin -6 (Interleukin-6, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNNF- a) and B cell activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NF- K B) diversity expression and mRNA in colonic microflora (P0.05 or P0.01), Increased villus height: crypt depth, copper zinc superoxide dismutase in jejunum (Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase), Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Glutathione 1 peroxidase 1, GPX1), -1 (Zonula occludens tight junction protein protein-1, ZO-1), occluden (Occludin), cell cycle dependent kinase 4 (4 Cyclin-dependentkinase, CDK4) expression and colon mRNA thick ratio of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P0.05 or P0.01). Compared with the 2000 mg Zn/kg Zinc Oxide group, 1800 mg Zn/kg alkali type zinc chloride group and 600 mg Zn/kg nano Zinc Oxide group weaned piglets in the villi of the jejunal villus height, height: crypt depth, ZO-1, CDK4, caspase 3 (Caspase3) mRNA expression, IFN- expression in ileum gamma mRNA, colonic microbiota abundance and core microflora were no significant difference (P0.05). In summary, this research The result shows that a diet of weaned piglets in 28 consecutive D add 1200 ~ 1800 mg Zn/kg basic zinc chloride can promote growth and reduce the diarrhea, but more than 2400 mg Zn/kg may cause mild poisoning in piglets; 600 mg Zn/kg nano Zinc Oxide in improving the growth and decrease diarrhea can reach 2000 mg and Zinc Oxide Zn/kg the effect of weaning piglets; reduce the basic nano zinc chloride and Zinc Oxide post weaning diarrhea may be through the promotion of intestinal development, improve antioxidant and intestinal barrier function, inhibit intestinal inflammatory factor expression and regulation of intestinal microflora of abundance and diversity to achieve.

【學位授予單位】：中國農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S858.28

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