本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑土土壤剖面有機(jī)質(zhì)周轉(zhuǎn)及其控制機(jī)制的分子證據(jù)　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：土地利用變化以及全球氣候變化可以增加根系分泌物,提高深層土壤固碳潛力。根系分泌物投入增加可能激發(fā)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)(SOM)分解,但關(guān)于表層和深層土壤中激發(fā)效應(yīng)的差異及其影響因素的研究很少。本文應(yīng)用了先進(jìn)的固體核磁共振技術(shù),同時(shí)結(jié)合了同位素示蹤技術(shù)以及室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容有：1)測(cè)定添加葡萄糖對(duì)底層土壤產(chǎn)生的激發(fā)效應(yīng)及土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)變化；2)區(qū)分葡萄糖添加后SOM的分解與形成,明確土壤剖面激發(fā)效應(yīng)差異的控制機(jī)制；3)研究土壤類型及其開墾年限對(duì)土壤剖面SOM分子結(jié)構(gòu)及土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)腐殖化過程的影響。通過以上研究來揭示土壤剖面SOM周轉(zhuǎn)及其控制機(jī)制的分子證據(jù),這將對(duì)明確土壤新老碳周轉(zhuǎn)和全球碳循環(huán)具有重要的意義。主要研究結(jié)果如下：第一,添加13C標(biāo)記葡萄糖(13C.G0.4)于黑土深層土壤(1.00.1.20 m)中誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生了正激發(fā)效應(yīng),并促進(jìn)了原有SOM的分解；其中48%的葡萄糖完全礦化,而52%的葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)化為SOM,增加了SOM含量。從13 C CP/TOSS圖譜可以看出,SOM中易分解和難分解的有機(jī)化合物在培養(yǎng)的過程中均發(fā)生了變化,但是G0與13C.Go.4處理變化不同。在培養(yǎng)過程中,G0處理下亞甲基相對(duì)比例沒有變化,而13C.Go.4處理下亞甲基相對(duì)比例先降低后又增加,說明添加葡萄糖后土壤微生物群落的變化。培養(yǎng)后G0處理非極性烷基C和酮/醛相對(duì)比例增加,但是芳香C-C和帶質(zhì)子的烷氧基相對(duì)比例降低；13C.G0.4處理烷基N和帶質(zhì)子的烷氧基相對(duì)比例增加,但是芳香C-O和酮/醛相對(duì)比例降低。結(jié)果表明了添加葡萄糖很可能激發(fā)芳香C-O的分解并抑制酮/醛的形成。第二,由于13 C NMR技術(shù)只能檢測(cè)13C核,而不能檢測(cè)12C核,本實(shí)驗(yàn)為了更好地將葡萄糖和原有SOM信號(hào)分開,同時(shí)選用了13C富標(biāo)和貧標(biāo)(12C)的葡萄糖,并采用13 C multiCP技術(shù)研究培養(yǎng)后SOM分子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。添加13C富標(biāo)和貧標(biāo)(12C)的葡萄糖在0,0.05,0.5和2.0 gC kg-1土濃度下(Go,13C/12C-G0.05,13C/12C-G0.5,13C/12C-G2)于黑土土壤剖面A、B、C層土壤中誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生了正激發(fā)效應(yīng),并隨著葡萄糖添加濃度的增加而增加。我們首次觀察到添加葡萄糖于土壤剖面導(dǎo)致了原有SOM芳香C(A和B層)、亞甲基和羧基/酰胺基的損失(A層)。表層和深層SOM分解的激發(fā)效應(yīng)差異主要受到底物利用效率,SOM可近性以及SOM惰性的影響。第三,典型黑土和黑鈣土主導(dǎo)官能團(tuán)的不同以及土壤剖面中表層(烷基N/甲氧基、烷氧基)和表層以下(芳香C)高比例官能團(tuán)的差異,說明了土壤類型及深度相互作用于土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)。隨土壤深度增加,亞甲基、芳香C-C相對(duì)比例增加而烷基N、帶質(zhì)子烷氧基C、芳香C-H相對(duì)比例降低；隨開墾時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),亞甲基相對(duì)比例在黑土所有土層降低,而在黑鈣土深層增加；說明了土壤類型,深度和開墾時(shí)間相互作用于SOM某特定官能團(tuán)。主成分結(jié)果表明土壤表層SOM由于新鮮有機(jī)物不斷輸入而多含氫,而深層SOM則體現(xiàn)為脫氫；農(nóng)作時(shí)間顯著影響了深層土壤SOM結(jié)構(gòu)組成；土壤類型影響了深層SOM的腐殖化過程即典型黑土淋溶黑碳的氧化過程和黑鈣土的脫氫氧化過程。本研究利用根系分泌物模擬物,首次研究發(fā)現(xiàn)激發(fā)效應(yīng)過程SOM分子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,區(qū)分了新形成的SOM和原有SOM的分解,揭示了土壤微生物底物利用效率、SOM可近性和SOM惰性是不同層次SOM周轉(zhuǎn)差異的主要控制機(jī)制,明確了隨著黑土開墾時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),表層SOM變化較小,亞表層SOM分子結(jié)構(gòu)氧化程度加強(qiáng),且受輸入有機(jī)物減少的影響,確定了增加底層根系分泌物數(shù)量可以提高土壤固碳效率。在今后的研究中我們需要模擬多種根系分泌物,為揭示根系分泌物輸入對(duì)剖面有機(jī)質(zhì)周轉(zhuǎn)及其控制因素提供更多的科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Land use changes and global climate change can increase root exudates and improve the carbon sequestration potential of deep soil. The increase of root exudates may stimulate the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), but there is little research on the difference of excitation effect and its influencing factors in surface and deep soil. In this paper, advanced solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology is applied, and isotope tracer technique and laboratory culture experiment are combined. The research contents of this paper are: 1) the determination of priming effect of soil organic matter and adding chemical structure changes of glucose to produce on the bottom of the soil; 2) to distinguish between decomposition and formation of glucose after the addition of SOM, the explicit control mechanism of soil profile excitation effect difference; 3) of soil types and influence of reclamation on soil profile and molecular structure of SOM soil organic matter humification process. Through the above research, we can reveal the molecular evidence of soil profile SOM turnover and its control mechanism, which will be of great significance for clear soil new and old carbon turnover and global carbon cycle. The main results are as follows: first, adding 13C labeled glucose (13C.G0.4) in the black soil of deep soil (1.00.1.20 m) in inducing the positive priming effect, and promote the decomposition of the original SOM; of which 48% glucose complete mineralization, while 52% conversion of glucose to SOM, SOM content increased. It can be seen from 13 C CP/TOSS diagram that the organic compounds which are easy to decompose and difficult to decompose in SOM all changed during the culture process, but G0 and 13C.Go.4 treatment changed differently. In training process, methylene relative proportion did not change after G0 treatment, while the relative proportion of methylene decreased at first and then increased after 13C.Go.4 treatment, indicating the change of soil microbial community after adding glucose. After treatment, the relative proportions of nonpolar alkyl C and ketones / aldehydes increased after G0 treatment, but the relative proportions of aromatic C-C and proton alkoxy groups decreased. The relative proportions of alkyl N and proton alkoxy increased, but the relative proportions of aromatic C-O and ketones / aldehydes decreased with 13C.G0.4 treatment. The results showed that the addition of glucose could stimulate the decomposition of aromatic C-O and inhibit the formation of ketone / aldehyde. Second, since 13 C NMR technology can detect 13C core and not detect 12C core, we choose 13C rich and lean 12C (12C) glucose to separate the glucose from the original SOM signal better, and use 13 C multiCP technology to study the change of SOM molecule structure. The enrichment of 13C enriched and lean 12C (Go) at 0,0.05,0.5 and 2 gC kg-1 soil (Go, 13C/12C-G0.05,13C/12C-G0.5,13C/12C-G2) induced positive excitation effect in the soil profile A, B and C layer of black soil, and increased with the increase of glucose concentration. For the first time, we observed that the addition of glucose to the soil profile resulted in the loss of the original SOM aromatic C (A and B layers), methylene and carboxyl / amide groups (A layer). The difference in excitation effects of SOM decomposition in the surface and deep layer is mainly influenced by the efficiency of substrate utilization, SOM availability and the inertia of SOM. Third, the typical black soil and chernozem leading functional group and different soil profiles in the surface layer (N/ methoxy alkyl, alkoxy) and below the surface (aromatic C) between the high proportion of functional groups, the soil type and depth of interaction in the chemical structure of soil organic matter. With the increase of soil depth, methylene, relative proportion of aromatic C-C increased with proton N, alkyl alkoxy C, aromatic C-H ratio decreased; with the reclamation time, reduce the relative proportion of methylene in black soil increased in all soil, chernozem deep; shows the soil type, depth and reclamation time interactions in a particular SOM functional groups. The results show that principal component SOM of the soil due to fresh organic substances continue to enter and hydrogen, while the deep SOM of dehydrogenation; time significantly affected the composition of farming SOM deep soil structure; soil types affect the dehydrogenation oxidation process of oxygen and carbon black soil leaching chernozem the humification process is a typical deep SOM. The root exudates of mimics, the first study showed that the change of the molecular structure of SOM excitation effect, the distinction between the decomposition of the new formed SOM and the original SOM, reveals the soil microbial substrate utilization efficiency, SOM accessibility and SOM inertia is the main control mechanisms at different levels of SOM turnover differences, with clear tillage time extended SOM surface changes smaller sub surface molecular structure of SOM oxidation degree strengthen, and reduce the influence of organic matter input, the increase in the number of underlying root exudates can improve the efficiency of soil carbon sequestration. We need to simulate many root exudates in future research, so as to provide more scientific evidence for revealing the input of root exudates to the turnover of organic matter and its controlling factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6

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