本文關(guān)鍵詞：植物介導(dǎo)下伊氏葉螨的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取代機(jī)制及兩種害蟲(chóng)寄主適應(yīng)性研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 葉螨 誘導(dǎo)抗性 競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 打頂 寄主適應(yīng)性

【摘要】：植物為植食性動(dòng)物提供食物資源和空間資源,并在植食者之間的相互作用中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。當(dāng)寄主植物被植食者取食時(shí),植物對(duì)資源重新配置用于生長(zhǎng)和防御,從而改變植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)和防御物質(zhì)的構(gòu)成。這種由植食者誘導(dǎo)的改變不僅影響著植食者自身,還會(huì)對(duì)其他的植食者和天敵產(chǎn)生影響,從而影響植食者之間和植食者與天敵之間的相互作用關(guān)系,甚至還會(huì)改變?nèi)郝涞臉?gòu)成。伊氏葉螨是茄科植物的重要害蟲(chóng)。自從上個(gè)世紀(jì)后半葉入侵歐洲后逐漸取代了當(dāng)?shù)氐亩呷~螨成為主要害蟲(chóng)。根據(jù)其生物學(xué)特性,我國(guó)東南部將是其可能的入侵之地。有關(guān)伊氏葉螨如何通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取代二斑葉螨的內(nèi)在機(jī)制尚不清楚。有研究表明伊氏葉螨能夠抑制番茄的植物防御,從而促進(jìn)其種群的增長(zhǎng)并在局部范圍內(nèi)使其他害蟲(chóng)受益,而二斑葉螨能誘導(dǎo)番茄的植物防御并對(duì)其他害蟲(chóng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。但伊氏葉螨如何通過(guò)抑制植物防御與其他害蟲(chóng)相互作用、人為機(jī)械損傷(如打頂)對(duì)其影響如何、對(duì)寄主植物不同部位的取食喜好及其原因等問(wèn)題還不清楚,而這些問(wèn)題是揭示伊氏葉螨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取代土著葉螨的關(guān)鍵。基于此,本研究選用能夠誘導(dǎo)植物防御的綠色型二斑葉螨和抑制植物防御的伊氏葉螨,首先以打頂為例研究了入侵害蟲(chóng)與土著害蟲(chóng)對(duì)機(jī)械損傷誘導(dǎo)的植物變化的敏感性;其次研究了空間隔離的兩種葉螨之間的相互作用關(guān)系,分析了兩種葉螨取食后植物抗逆物質(zhì)多酚氧化酶(PPO)的變化;之后研究了不同情形下兩種葉螨共同取食同一葉時(shí)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系并對(duì)兩種葉螨的定殖行為進(jìn)行了分析;最后以葉螨和蚜蟲(chóng)為例討論了植食者對(duì)寄主植物的適應(yīng)性以及溫度的影響。綜合各研究結(jié)果得到如下結(jié)論:一、二斑葉螨受到了番茄打頂?shù)呢?fù)面影響,繁殖率、存活率以及種群增長(zhǎng)速率都顯著降低。伊氏葉螨個(gè)體的適應(yīng)性(存活率和繁殖率)不僅未受到番茄打頂?shù)挠绊?而且打頂引起的番茄葉片的加速生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)了伊氏葉螨的種群增長(zhǎng),即農(nóng)事操作打頂對(duì)伊氏葉螨有利。二、伊氏葉螨誘導(dǎo)的植物防御物質(zhì)多酚氧化酶PPO活性比二斑葉螨誘導(dǎo)的活性低、緩慢,且不受二斑葉螨取食的影響;而二斑葉螨對(duì)PPO活性的誘導(dǎo)受到伊氏葉螨的影響,伊氏葉螨的取食顯著降低了二斑葉螨取食誘導(dǎo)的PPO活性。三、伊氏葉螨種群的環(huán)境最大容納量是二斑葉螨的近三倍,種群增長(zhǎng)速率顯著高于二斑葉螨,其對(duì)寄主的選擇偏好受初始種群數(shù)量的顯著影響。四、兩種葉螨之間的相互作用具有不對(duì)稱性:因?yàn)橐潦先~螨取食抑制了植物防御所以對(duì)二斑葉螨有益,而二斑葉螨取食對(duì)伊氏葉螨沒(méi)有影響;如有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者存在時(shí),伊氏葉螨偏好利于其種群增長(zhǎng)的葉片,而二斑葉螨則受到了伊氏葉螨的干擾,傾向于選擇種群增長(zhǎng)緩慢的葉片。五、兩種葉螨的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系取決于其所取食的葉片。當(dāng)兩種葉螨共同取食老葉或伊氏葉螨取食老葉而二斑葉螨取食嫩葉時(shí),伊氏葉螨種群增長(zhǎng)速率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于二斑葉螨并將最終取代二斑葉螨。六、建立了變幅變周期自由振動(dòng)模型刻畫(huà)葉螨和蚜蟲(chóng)種群時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài),且許多昆蟲(chóng)都具有這種規(guī)律,表明該模型具有普遍意義。七、經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期馴化,二斑葉螨和桃蚜的寄主適應(yīng)性顯著提高,同時(shí)桃蚜的寄主適應(yīng)性受到了溫度的顯著影響�？傊�,二斑葉螨對(duì)植物誘導(dǎo)抗性敏感,而伊氏葉螨對(duì)植物誘導(dǎo)抗性不敏感、種群增長(zhǎng)快、環(huán)境容納量更大、能夠干擾二斑葉螨的定殖選擇,并且在成熟葉片上具有明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),從而在一定程度上揭示了入侵害蟲(chóng)伊氏葉螨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取代歐洲土著二斑葉螨的內(nèi)在機(jī)制,為植物誘導(dǎo)的植食者之間相互作用的理論提供了支持。同時(shí)溫度對(duì)桃蚜寄主適應(yīng)性的調(diào)節(jié)為蚜蟲(chóng)的季節(jié)性遷移提供了依據(jù),驗(yàn)證了環(huán)境變化對(duì)植物-取食者之間選擇壓力的影響。
[Abstract]:Plants provide food and space resources for phytophagous animals, and play an irreplaceable role in the interaction of herbivers. When the host plant is fed by the herbivore, the plant reconfiguring the resources for growth and defense, thereby changing the composition of plant nutrition and defense substances. This change induced by herbivore not only affects the herbivore itself, but also affects other herbivores and natural enemies, thereby affecting the interaction between herbivore and herbivores and natural enemies, and even changing the composition of the community. Meroes mites are important pests of Solanaceae plant. Since the second half of the last century, the invasion of Europe has gradually replaced the local two leaf mite as the main pest. According to its biological characteristics, the southeastern part of our country will be a possible place of invasion. How about an internal mechanism of mite through competition instead of the two spotted spider mite is unclear. Studies have shown that they can inhibit mite of tomato plant defense, so as to promote its population growth and in the local scope to benefit other pests, and two spotted spider mite induced tomato plant defense and have a negative impact on other pests. But how's Mite by inhibiting plant defense and other insect interactions, artificial mechanical damage (such as topping) the influence of feeding preferences, how different parts of the host plant and the cause of the problem is not clear, and these problems is the key to reveal an mite mite competition instead of indigenous. Based on this, this study used green type can induce plant defense of the two spotted spider mite and suppression of plant defense's mite, first of all to mature as an example to study the sensitivity of invasive insects and pests of native vegetation changes induced by mechanical damage; followed by the study of the interaction between the two species of mites isolated space. Analysis of two species of mites after feeding plant polyphenol oxidase (PPO) material changes; after the study of two different cases of mite feeding competition between the common and the same leaf of two species of mites colonization was analyzed; finally the mites and aphids were discussed and adaptability predators on host plants and the influence of temperature. The results of the study were as follows: one or two. Spider mites were negatively affected by tomato topping, and their reproductive rate, survival rate and population growth rate were significantly reduced. An individual adaptability of mites (survival rate and reproductive rate) not only did not affect tomato topping and topping, tomato leaves caused by the acceleration of growth promoting the growth of Yi mite populations, namely farming operation topping on an advantageous leaf mites. Two, Yi mite induced plant defense substances polyphenol oxidase PPO activity than the two spotted spider mite induced low activity, slow, and is not affected by the two spotted spider mite feeding; and two spotted spider mite induced the activity of PPO is affected by meroes mites, mites feeding them significantly reduced the two spot mite feeding induced PPO activity. Three, Yi mite population environmental capacity is nearly three times the two spotted spider mite, the population growth rate was significantly higher than that of the two spotted spider mite, the preference of the host is affected by the initial population. Four, two species of mites interaction is asymmetric: because they inhibit mite feeding plant defense so beneficial to the two spotted spider mite, and two spotted spider mite Tetranychus evansi feeding had no effect on; if competitors exist, they mite preference conducive to leaf population growth, and the two spot it is an interference of mite mites, leaves tend to slow population growth. The competitive relationship between the five and two species of mites depends on the leaves they eat. When the two kinds of common feeding mites mites feeding an old leaves or old leaves and two spotted spider mite feeding leaves, an increase of mite population rate is far higher than the two spotted spider mite and will eventually replace the two spotted spider mite. Six, a variable amplitude and periodic free vibration model is established to characterize the temporal and spatial dynamics of spider mites and aphids. Many insects have this rule, indicating that this model has universal significance. Seven, after a long time of domestication, host adaptation of two spotted spider mite and aphid was significantly increased, while the host adaptability of Myzus persicae were affected by temperature. In short, the two spotted spider mite resistant plant and sensitive to induction, Trypanosoma mites on plant induced resistance is not sensitive, fast population growth, environmental capacity is bigger, can interfere with the two spotted spider mite colonization, and has obvious competitive advantage in mature leaves, thus to a certain extent reveal the mechanism of an invasive pest mite competition to replace the native two spotted spider mite, provides support for the induction of plant plant interactions between predators theory. At the same time, temperature regulation of Myzus persicae host adaptability for the seasonal migration of aphids to provide the basis, verify the influence between environment change on plant - feeding selection pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S433

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 梅長(zhǎng)軍,楊守明,王祥勝,胡本明,沈陽(yáng),程慧榮,邵之生,鄒運(yùn)鼎,李桂亭,孟慶雷,耿繼光;麥蚜與其天敵種群在數(shù)量及空間上的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2000年04期

2 劉樹(shù)生;溫度對(duì)桃蚜和蘿卜蚜種群增長(zhǎng)的影響[J];昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào);1991年02期

3 彭露;嚴(yán)盈;劉萬(wàn)學(xué);萬(wàn)方浩;王進(jìn)軍;;植食性昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)植物的反防御機(jī)制[J];昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào);2010年05期

4 何連生,倪漢祥,李光博,郭豫元,金和年,李世民,郭松景;麥蚜聚集與擴(kuò)散行為的初步研究[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;1992年02期

5 仵均祥,劉紹友,周靖華,趙耀先,胡作棟,胡美絨;寄主植物對(duì)桃蚜不同寄主生物型的影響[J];西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1999年06期

6 秦西云;李正躍;;煙蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育與溫度的關(guān)系研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2006年04期

7 田甜;郅軍銳;牟峰;;健康和蟲(chóng)害菜豆對(duì)二斑葉螨、西花薊馬發(fā)育及繁殖的影響[J];植物保護(hù)學(xué)報(bào);2014年01期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李莉;朱砂葉螨與寄主植物相互關(guān)系中的植物主導(dǎo)因素研究[D];貴州大學(xué);2006年

2 趙微微;山楂葉螨種群擴(kuò)散與行為初探[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1345473