本文關(guān)鍵詞：土壤線蟲群落對氣候及碳輸入途徑變化的響應(yīng)　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 增溫 氮沉降 降水 土壤線蟲 碳輸入 營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)

【摘要】：工業(yè)革命以來,人類活動導(dǎo)致的以氣候變暖、大氣二氧化碳濃度升高、降水格局變化及大氣氮沉降等為主要特征的全球變化進程正在對我們賴以生存的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生重要而深遠的影響。作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)最大的有機碳庫,土壤碳儲量及動態(tài)對大氣CO2濃度具有重要調(diào)控作用。土壤線蟲是地下食物網(wǎng)的重要組分,在凋落物分解、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)礦化、生物多樣性保護及生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。然而,目前對于全球變化情景下,土壤線蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)及功能的變化及適應(yīng)依舊缺乏規(guī)律性認識。本研究利用控制實驗平臺,研究氣候變暖、降水格局變化、大氣氮沉降等全球變化驅(qū)動因子及改變植物碳輸入途徑情景下土壤線蟲群落的響應(yīng)及反饋。研究內(nèi)容包括四部分,第一部分探討了增溫及增雨對中國北方溫帶草原土壤線蟲群落的影響;第二部分主要研究增雨及氮素添加對中國北方平原棄耕草地土壤線蟲群落的影響;第三部分比較了不同施肥梯度對中國北方平原農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)冬小麥樣地土壤線蟲群落的影響;第四部分主要探討改變植物碳輸入途徑對中國北方溫帶草原土壤線蟲群落的影響。取得的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)在中國北方溫帶草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng),增溫對土壤線蟲的影響十分有限,增雨處理顯著增加了土壤線蟲的多度,顯著增加了食細菌性線蟲的相對多度,顯著降低了雜-捕類線蟲的相對多度。在屬的水平上,增雨顯著增加了小桿屬(Rhabditis)、繞線屬(Plectus)、墊咽屬(Tylencholaimus)和墊刃屬(Tylechus)線蟲的相對多度,但顯著降低了穿咽屬(Nygolaimun)、縊咽屬(Axonchium)和真矛屬線蟲(Eudorylaimus)的相對多度。與對照樣地相比,增溫顯著提高了拱唇屬(Labronema)和縊咽屬(Axonchium)線蟲的相對多度,而顯著降低了穿咽屬線蟲(Nygolaimun)的相對多度。(2)在中國北方平原棄耕草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),增雨顯著增加了土壤線蟲的多度,但并不影響群落的營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu);氮添加不改變土壤線蟲的多度,但顯著降低了土壤線蟲屬的豐富度,并改變了線蟲群落構(gòu)成,表現(xiàn)為顯著增加了食細菌性線蟲的相對多度,顯著降低了食真菌性及雜-捕類線蟲的相對多度。另外氮素添加顯著降低了線蟲群落的通路指數(shù)(CI)及成熟度指數(shù)(MI),表明氮素添加處理使土壤食物網(wǎng)向細菌性分解通路偏轉(zhuǎn),同時食物網(wǎng)的復(fù)雜性降低,結(jié)構(gòu)趨向于簡單化。(3)在中國北方平原冬小麥樣地中,土壤線蟲的多度及群落結(jié)構(gòu)隨冬小麥生長階段及施肥量的不同而不同,表現(xiàn)為土壤線蟲的多度在冬小麥返青期及拔節(jié)期最大,而在實驗后期逐漸降低。線蟲屬的豐富度在冬小麥抽穗期及成熟期較高而在返青期及拔節(jié)期較低。土壤線蟲的多度隨施肥量的增加而增加,但其屬的豐富度隨施肥量的增加而下降。不同食性類群對施肥量增加的響應(yīng)不同,表現(xiàn)為食細菌性線蟲對施肥量變化不敏感,食真菌性及雜-捕類線蟲的相對多度隨施肥量增加而減小。植食性線蟲在100 kg N ha-1 y-1施肥水平下相對比例達到最大,并隨施肥量的進一步增加,其比例逐漸下降,提示合理的施肥方案對農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲的防控具有一定現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)意義。(4)植物根系碳輸入途徑對土壤線蟲群落的影響強于凋落物途徑。去除植物顯著降低了土壤線蟲多度(73.09%)、屬的豐富度(17.98%)和植食性及雜-捕類線蟲的相對多度,但是增加了食細菌性線蟲的相對多度。凋落物添加顯著增加了土壤線蟲的多度(37.88%),但不影響其群落結(jié)構(gòu)。凋落物去除顯著降低了土壤線蟲屬的豐富度(9.39%)。土壤線蟲多度與土壤養(yǎng)分(SOC,TN,MBC,MBN)間顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系表明,土壤線蟲多度的變化主要受土壤養(yǎng)分含量的影響,而不同食性類群與土壤pH及NO3--N濃度之間的相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,土壤線蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的變化主要與土壤的理化環(huán)境有關(guān)。另外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),凋落物對土壤線蟲群落的影響受植物的調(diào)控,兩者的交互作用比單一因素作用更為復(fù)雜。(5)土壤呼吸與土壤線蟲的多度及屬的豐富度間存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,提示在今后關(guān)于土壤碳儲量評估及碳動態(tài)預(yù)測研究中,應(yīng)加入對土壤動物的考量。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution, the global change process characterized by climate warming, atmospheric CO2 concentration, precipitation pattern change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition has been significantly and profoundly influenced by the human activities. As the largest organic carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem, the soil carbon reserves and dynamics have an important control effect on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Soil nematodes are important components of underground food web. They play an important role in litter decomposition, nutrient mineralization, biodiversity conservation and biogeochemical cycle. However, the changes and adaptation of soil nematode community structure and function are still lack of regularity under the situation of global change. In this study, we use the control experiment platform to study the global warming driving factors such as climate warming, precipitation pattern change, atmospheric nitrogen deposition and the response and feedback of soil nematode communities under the circumstances of plant carbon input. The study includes four parts, the first part discusses the effects of warming and precipitation of Chinese northern temperate grassland soil nematode community; effects on the northern plains Chinese abandoned grassland soil nematode communities in the second main part of rainfall and nitrogen; the third part compares the different fertilization gradient effects on soil nematode communities in North Plain Chinese the ecological system of winter wheat plots; the fourth part mainly discusses the influence of the change of plant carbon inputs of Chinese northern temperate grassland soil nematode community. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) China in northern temperate grassland ecosystem, effects of warming on soil nematode is very limited, rainfall treatments significantly increased soil nematode abundance, significantly increased bacterial feeding nematode abundance, significantly reduced the impurities, the relative abundance of nematode trapping. In the genus level, rainfall increased Rhabditis (Rhabditis), (Plectus), a winding pad (Tylencholaimus) and swallow genus tylenchus nematodes (Tylechus) relative abundance, but significantly reduced the wear of the pharynx (Nygolaimun), (Axonchium) and a pharyngeal constriction really spear nematodes (Eudorylaimus) relative abundance. Compared with the control plots, warming significantly increased the lip arch is (Labronema) and (Axonchium) a pharyngeal constriction nematode abundance, and significantly reduced the wear pharyngeal nematodes (Nygolaimun) relative abundance. (2) in the Northern Plains grassland ecosystem Chinese abandoned, rainfall increased soil nematode abundance, but does not affect the nutrition structure of the communities; nitrogen addition does not change the soil nematode abundance, but significantly reduced the richness of soil nematodes of the genus and changed the nematode community composition, showed significantly increased food the relative abundance of bacterial nematodes, fungal feeding significantly reduced and impurities, the relative abundance of nematode trapping. In addition, nitrogen addition significantly decreased the CI and MI of the nematode communities, indicating that nitrogen addition reduced the soil food web to bacterial decomposition pathways, and the complexity of the food web decreased and the structure tended to be simplified. (3) the winter wheat in the northern plains Chinese plots, soil nematode abundance and community structure with the growth stage of winter wheat and fertilization is different, as the soil nematode abundance in winter wheat at the jointing stage and the largest, and gradually decreased in the later stage of the experiment. Abundance of nematode genera in higher winter wheat heading and maturity in regreening stage and jointing stage is low. The abundance of soil nematodes increased as the amount of fertilizer increased, but the abundance of the genus was decreased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer. The response of different feeding groups to the increase of fertilizer amount is different. It shows that bacterial eating nematodes are not sensitive to the amount of fertilizer, and the relative abundance of fungi and nematodes is reduced with the increase of fertilizer amount. The relative proportion of phytophagous nematodes reached the maximum at 100 kg N HA-1 Y-1 fertilization level, and the proportion gradually decreased with the further increase of fertilizer amount. This indicates that reasonable fertilization plan has practical guiding significance for the prevention and control of agricultural pests. (4) the effect of plant root carbon input on soil nematode community was stronger than that of litter path. Removal of plants significantly reduced soil nematode abundance (73.09%), genera richness (17.98%), and relative abundance of herbivorous and heterotrapping nematodes, but increased the relative abundance of bacterial nematodes. Litter added significantly increased the degree of soil nematode (37.88%), but did not affect its community structure. Litter removal significantly reduced the richness of soil nematode (9.39%). Soil nematode abundance and soil nutrients (SOC, TN, MBC, MBN) showed significant positive correlation, the effects of soil nematode abundance is mainly affected by soil nutrient content, and the correlation analysis between different feeding taxa and soil pH and NO3--N concentrations showed that the soil nematode community structure is mainly about physical and chemical environment in soil. In addition, it was found that the effects of litter on soil nematode community were regulated by plants, and the interaction between them was more complex than that of a single factor. (5) there was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration and soil abundance and richness of soil nematodes, suggesting that soil fauna should be considered in future research on soil carbon storage assessment and carbon dynamics prediction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S154.386

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