茶性、茶效與茶用的文獻(xiàn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-24 14:55
【摘要】：茶葉是山茶科、山茶屬(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)植物的葉片,中國古代可食用、飲用,也可入藥。近年來,隨著人們對健康關(guān)注度的提高,茶的藥理作用及其養(yǎng)生保健作用也備受關(guān)注。從傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)學(xué)角度看,茶性之寒溫、茶葉的藥用及飲茶宜忌等相關(guān)問題的研究較少或缺乏系統(tǒng)性,因此,本研究從文獻(xiàn)學(xué)角度,對傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)本草和方書中茶葉相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理,并參考茶學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)相關(guān)知識做出分析。方法:采用文獻(xiàn)學(xué)的方法,以"茶""茗""荼""[木茶]"為關(guān)鍵詞,分別檢索歷代本草文獻(xiàn)中茶葉性味、歸經(jīng)、功效和宜忌的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,代表性方書中含茶藥方的相關(guān)記載,并參考茶學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)、地方志等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析。其中"代茶"(非山茶科植物代茶飲用)如薄荷茶、枸杞葉茶、蔥茶、荊芥茶等內(nèi)容不納入研究范圍。主要檢索書目:(1)本草文獻(xiàn):主要參考《中國本草全書》所收錄的歷代本草專著、民族本草和域外本草,以及方書、醫(yī)籍、地方志、農(nóng)書、類書、佛道書籍中本草部分。(2)方書:主要選取《備急千金要方》《千金翼方》《外臺秘要》《太平圣惠方》《太平惠民和劑局方》《圣濟(jì)總錄》《普濟(jì)方》和《醫(yī)宗金鑒》為參考。(3)茶學(xué)專著:參考《中國茶書全集校證》和《中國古代茶書集成》所收錄的從唐代至清末114種茶學(xué)專著。結(jié)果:(1)茶葉性味歸經(jīng):歷代共159條"茶性"相關(guān)記載,其中言茶性寒涼者144條(90.57%),言茶性溫?zé)嵴?5條(9.43%)。歷代141條"茶味"相關(guān)記載,認(rèn)為茶味"苦甘" "甘苦"或"微苦微甘"者96條(68.09%),認(rèn)為茶味"苦"者29條(20.58%),認(rèn)為茶味"甘"者10條(7.09%)。元代張元素《臟腑標(biāo)本用藥式》最早提出茶葉臟腑用藥,王好古《湯液本草》最早明確提出茶葉歸經(jīng)。明清本草文獻(xiàn)有64條茶葉歸經(jīng)的記載,歸心包、肝經(jīng)(手足厥陰經(jīng))者29條(45.31%),歸心、肺經(jīng)(手少陰太陰經(jīng))者11條(17.19%),歸腎、胃經(jīng)(足少陰陽明經(jīng))者5條(7.81%)。(2)茶葉功效:現(xiàn)存最早記載茶葉功效的本草專著是南北朝陶弘景的《本草經(jīng)集注》,最早將茶葉單獨列條記載其功效的書籍是唐代孫思邈的《備急千金要方》。從唐到清代共129部本草文獻(xiàn)記載了茶葉功效,按出現(xiàn)頻次以解渴(100)、消食(95)、祛痰(93)、解熱(93)、清頭目(82)、利小便(80)、醒睡(78)、下氣(74)和治瘺瘡(60)等最為常見。(3)飲茶宜忌:從唐到清代有64部本草文獻(xiàn)記載了飲茶宜忌相關(guān)內(nèi)容,其中飲茶之宜主要有宜飲熱茶(25條)、宜少飲茶(11條)、宜飲好茶(10條)等;飲茶之忌包括忌飲茶過多(52條)、忌空腹飲茶(30條)、忌飲冷茶(24條)、忌酒后飲茶(22條)、忌飲劣質(zhì)茶(16條)以及虛弱之人忌飲茶(13條)等。從配伍的角度,古籍中強調(diào)食用鹽、韭菜與服用榧子、土茯苓、威靈仙、使君子和斑蝥時要忌茶,但原因或機(jī)理語焉不詳。(4)茶葉在藥方中的應(yīng)用:上述8本方書中共計收錄1018首含茶藥方,包括以茶組方(130首,其中茶葉單方16首、含茶復(fù)方114首)和茶送服方(888首)。這些含茶藥方的主治病證范圍涉及119種,最常見于頭痛(139首,13.65%)、眼疾(130 首,12.77%)、瘡瘍(61 首,5.99%)和痢疾(48 首,4.72%)等。結(jié)論:(1)本草和方書中記載的茶葉以綠茶為主,直到清代本草文獻(xiàn)中才出現(xiàn)綠茶以外的其它茶類。主要有普洱茶和安化茶屬黑茶類,六安茶可能為黃茶類,武夷茶可能為青茶類或紅茶類。(2)茶性"寒涼"是古代醫(yī)家的普遍認(rèn)識,傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中未見"綠茶性寒,紅茶性溫"的記載。本草文獻(xiàn)中記載"性溫"的茶僅有蒙頂茶、武夷茶、普洱茶、安化茶和瀘茶5種,但其立論多與茶葉產(chǎn)地、宗教傳說和貯藏時間等因素相關(guān),而與現(xiàn)代制茶工藝及茶葉功效無涉,且古籍所謂茶"性溫"之溫,系指"溫和"之意,而非傳統(tǒng)藥性之"溫?zé)?。(3)茶作為藥食兩用物品,以飲用為主,也可藥用和食用。茶飲興起并成為一種嗜好品,主要緣于其"醒睡"功效。除此以外,飲茶還具有解渴、消食、祛痰、解熱、清頭目、利小便等作用,少數(shù)民族飲食滋膩,多借茶以消食化積。但茶作為藥物的作用并不突出,含茶藥方中茶葉的用量不大,且多為"以茶送服方",主治病證則以頭痛、眼疾、瘡瘍和痢疾最為常見。(4)"服藥不飲茶"之說為民間俗傳,傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)學(xué)無"服藥不飲茶"的絕對禁忌,這或許是醫(yī)家勸人少飲茶的托詞。古代醫(yī)家認(rèn)為,茶性苦寒,飲茶過多則損害脾胃,銷錁精血、膏脂,導(dǎo)致"茶癖"而見血不華色甚至面色萎黃、消瘦、腹泄等癥。從現(xiàn)代營養(yǎng)學(xué)、茶學(xué)和藥理學(xué)角度綜合分析,飲茶主要目的在于提高中樞神經(jīng)的興奮度而振奮精神,不過量飲茶的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以3～5g茶葉(約60～200mg咖啡因)為度,宜服藥后宜間隔一定時間如30min再飲茶。
[Abstract]:Tea is the leaf of the Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze plant of the family Camellia family. In ancient China, it is edible, drinking and medicable. In recent years, with the improvement of health care, the pharmacological effects and health care of tea are also paid much attention. From the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, the cold temperature of tea sex, the medicinal and tea drinking of tea are easy to avoid. The research of the related problems is less or lack of systematicness. Therefore, from the literature point of view, this study combs the related literature of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and Fang Shu, and makes analysis of the related knowledge of tea and agronomy. Methods: using the method of literature, the literature of "tea" "tea" "tea" "[wood tea]" is used as the key word to retrieve the literature of the past dynasties. The related contents of tea flavor, return, effect and pleasant, including the related records of tea prescription in the representative book, and the related literature of tea, agronomy, and local chronicles, are analyzed. Among them, the content of "generation tea" (non camellia tea for tea drinking) such as mint tea, Lycium barbarum tea, onion tea, and chincha tea are not included in the research scope. 1) materia medica Literature: the main reference to the ancient herbs of Chinese herbs, national herbs and extraterritorial herbs, and the books, medical books, local records, agricultural books, books, and Buddhist books. (2) the main selection of the books: the main selection of a thousand gold parties > thousand gold wing Fang > Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang > Tai Ping Huimin and agents > < St. Francis. The total record > < Pu Ji Fang > and < medical Zong Jian > as reference. (3) tea monograph: 114 tea books from the Tang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. Results: (1) the tea flavor is classified into 159 "tea" records, including 144 tea cold and cold people (90.57%), and 15 tea warm hot men. 9.43%). 141 "tea taste" records of the past generation, the tea taste "bitter sweet" "bitter" or "bitter slightly bitter sweet" 96 (68.09%), the tea taste "bitter" 29 (20.58%), the tea taste "sweet" 10 (7.09%). The Yuan Dynasty Zhang Yuansu < Fu Fu Zang Fu style > the earliest tea viscera medicine, Wang Hao Gu < Decoction of soup liquid > the earliest clear tea return to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming and Qing There are 64 records of the herbal literature, 29 (45.31%), 11 (17.19%), 5 (7.81%) to the kidney and the stomach meridian (7.81%). (2) the earliest existing herbal monograph that records the effect of tea is the earliest of the north and South Dynasty Tao Hongjing's "herb", the earliest From Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books from Tang to Qing dynasty recorded the effect of tea, from Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books of herbal medicine recorded the efficacy of tea, according to the frequency of thirst (100), digestion (95), dispelling phlegm (93), antipyretic (93), clearing head (82), Li Xiaoshi (80), waking sleep (78), Qi (74) and fistula ulcer (60). (3) drink tea. Taboo: from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 64 herbal documents to record the relevant content of drinking tea, among which tea was suitable to drink hot tea (25), drink tea (11), drink good tea (10), and drink tea, including too much tea (52), drink tea (30), avoid cold tea (24), drink tea (22) and avoid inferior tea (16). And the weak people should not drink tea (13). From the angle of compatibility, the ancient books emphasized edible salt, leek and Torreya Torreya, tuckahoe, Clematis and cantharidis, but the reason or mechanism was not detailed. (4) the application of tea in the prescription: 1018 tea containing prescription in the above 8 books, including tea group (130, among them) 16 tea alone, 114 tea containing compounds) and tea delivery prescription (888). The scope of the main treatment of tea containing tea involves 119 kinds, the most common in the headache (139, 13.65%), the eye disease (130, 12.77%), the sores (61, 5.99%) and dysentery (48, 4.72%). There are other kinds of tea other than green tea. There are mainly Pu'er tea and Anhua black tea, Lu'an tea may be yellow tea, Wuyi tea may be green tea or black tea. (2) the "cold" tea sex "cold" is the common understanding of ancient doctors, there is no "green tea sex cold, black tea temperature" in traditional medical literature. "Sex temperature" is recorded in the literature of the herbal literature. There are only 5 kinds of tea, such as masked tea, Wuyi tea, Pu'er tea, Anhua tea and Luzhou tea, but its argument is related to tea origin, religious legends and storage time, but not with the modern tea process and effect of tea, and the temperature of tea "temperate" in ancient books refers to "mild", not "warm" of traditional medicine. (3) tea is used as two kinds of medicine and food, In addition to the effect of thirst, digestion, dispelling phlegm, antipyretic, clearing the head and urinating, the minority nationalities eat greasy food and borrow tea to eliminate the food, but tea as a drug is not outstanding, tea contains tea in the tea. The dosage of the leaf is not much, and most of it is "tea delivery prescription", and the main disease syndrome is headache, eye disease, sore and dysentery. (4) "medicine does not drink tea" is a folk custom, traditional Chinese medicine has no "medicine to drink tea" absolute taboo, which may be a word for doctors to persuade people to drink less tea. From modern nutrition, tea and pharmacology, the main purpose of drinking tea is to improve the excitement of the central nervous system and exhilarate the spirit. The standard of drinking tea is 3 ~ 5g tea (about 60 to 200mg caffeine). After the medicine, it should be interval for a certain time, such as 30min to drink tea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R285.1
[Abstract]:Tea is the leaf of the Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze plant of the family Camellia family. In ancient China, it is edible, drinking and medicable. In recent years, with the improvement of health care, the pharmacological effects and health care of tea are also paid much attention. From the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, the cold temperature of tea sex, the medicinal and tea drinking of tea are easy to avoid. The research of the related problems is less or lack of systematicness. Therefore, from the literature point of view, this study combs the related literature of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and Fang Shu, and makes analysis of the related knowledge of tea and agronomy. Methods: using the method of literature, the literature of "tea" "tea" "tea" "[wood tea]" is used as the key word to retrieve the literature of the past dynasties. The related contents of tea flavor, return, effect and pleasant, including the related records of tea prescription in the representative book, and the related literature of tea, agronomy, and local chronicles, are analyzed. Among them, the content of "generation tea" (non camellia tea for tea drinking) such as mint tea, Lycium barbarum tea, onion tea, and chincha tea are not included in the research scope. 1) materia medica Literature: the main reference to the ancient herbs of Chinese herbs, national herbs and extraterritorial herbs, and the books, medical books, local records, agricultural books, books, and Buddhist books. (2) the main selection of the books: the main selection of a thousand gold parties > thousand gold wing Fang > Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang > Tai Ping Huimin and agents > < St. Francis. The total record > < Pu Ji Fang > and < medical Zong Jian > as reference. (3) tea monograph: 114 tea books from the Tang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. Results: (1) the tea flavor is classified into 159 "tea" records, including 144 tea cold and cold people (90.57%), and 15 tea warm hot men. 9.43%). 141 "tea taste" records of the past generation, the tea taste "bitter sweet" "bitter" or "bitter slightly bitter sweet" 96 (68.09%), the tea taste "bitter" 29 (20.58%), the tea taste "sweet" 10 (7.09%). The Yuan Dynasty Zhang Yuansu < Fu Fu Zang Fu style > the earliest tea viscera medicine, Wang Hao Gu < Decoction of soup liquid > the earliest clear tea return to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming and Qing There are 64 records of the herbal literature, 29 (45.31%), 11 (17.19%), 5 (7.81%) to the kidney and the stomach meridian (7.81%). (2) the earliest existing herbal monograph that records the effect of tea is the earliest of the north and South Dynasty Tao Hongjing's "herb", the earliest From Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books from Tang to Qing dynasty recorded the effect of tea, from Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books of herbal medicine recorded the efficacy of tea, according to the frequency of thirst (100), digestion (95), dispelling phlegm (93), antipyretic (93), clearing head (82), Li Xiaoshi (80), waking sleep (78), Qi (74) and fistula ulcer (60). (3) drink tea. Taboo: from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 64 herbal documents to record the relevant content of drinking tea, among which tea was suitable to drink hot tea (25), drink tea (11), drink good tea (10), and drink tea, including too much tea (52), drink tea (30), avoid cold tea (24), drink tea (22) and avoid inferior tea (16). And the weak people should not drink tea (13). From the angle of compatibility, the ancient books emphasized edible salt, leek and Torreya Torreya, tuckahoe, Clematis and cantharidis, but the reason or mechanism was not detailed. (4) the application of tea in the prescription: 1018 tea containing prescription in the above 8 books, including tea group (130, among them) 16 tea alone, 114 tea containing compounds) and tea delivery prescription (888). The scope of the main treatment of tea containing tea involves 119 kinds, the most common in the headache (139, 13.65%), the eye disease (130, 12.77%), the sores (61, 5.99%) and dysentery (48, 4.72%). There are other kinds of tea other than green tea. There are mainly Pu'er tea and Anhua black tea, Lu'an tea may be yellow tea, Wuyi tea may be green tea or black tea. (2) the "cold" tea sex "cold" is the common understanding of ancient doctors, there is no "green tea sex cold, black tea temperature" in traditional medical literature. "Sex temperature" is recorded in the literature of the herbal literature. There are only 5 kinds of tea, such as masked tea, Wuyi tea, Pu'er tea, Anhua tea and Luzhou tea, but its argument is related to tea origin, religious legends and storage time, but not with the modern tea process and effect of tea, and the temperature of tea "temperate" in ancient books refers to "mild", not "warm" of traditional medicine. (3) tea is used as two kinds of medicine and food, In addition to the effect of thirst, digestion, dispelling phlegm, antipyretic, clearing the head and urinating, the minority nationalities eat greasy food and borrow tea to eliminate the food, but tea as a drug is not outstanding, tea contains tea in the tea. The dosage of the leaf is not much, and most of it is "tea delivery prescription", and the main disease syndrome is headache, eye disease, sore and dysentery. (4) "medicine does not drink tea" is a folk custom, traditional Chinese medicine has no "medicine to drink tea" absolute taboo, which may be a word for doctors to persuade people to drink less tea. From modern nutrition, tea and pharmacology, the main purpose of drinking tea is to improve the excitement of the central nervous system and exhilarate the spirit. The standard of drinking tea is 3 ~ 5g tea (about 60 to 200mg caffeine). After the medicine, it should be interval for a certain time, such as 30min to drink tea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R285.1
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