本文選題：松茸多糖 + 提取和分離��； 參考：《聊城大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：松茸,因其鮮美的味道、嫩滑的肉質(zhì),很受人們喜歡,是一種珍稀名貴的純天然食藥用真菌。它含有多糖、氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)等成分,且有抗腫瘤、治療心血管疾病和促進(jìn)腸胃功能等功效,被譽(yù)為“食用菌之王”。松茸多糖是其主要的活性成分之一,具有較高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值和藥用活性,松茸多糖在保健品和醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的開發(fā)價(jià)值和應(yīng)用前景。本文設(shè)計(jì)了5種培養(yǎng)基配方對(duì)松茸菌絲體進(jìn)行固體培養(yǎng),篩選出最適于松茸生長(zhǎng)的固體培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),為松茸菌的人工栽培提供理論依據(jù)。采取超聲輔助熱水浸提法、傳統(tǒng)熱水浸提法、酶提取法和微波提取法4種提取方式進(jìn)行松茸多糖的提取,通過對(duì)照松茸多糖的得率和抗氧化活性,篩選出最優(yōu)的提取方式為超聲輔助熱水浸提法。通過單因素和正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)篩選出超聲輔助熱水浸提法的最優(yōu)提取工藝,進(jìn)而采取乙醇分級(jí)的方法對(duì)松茸多糖進(jìn)行分離純化,并測(cè)定各組分的單糖成分和抗氧化活性,得到更有利于生物醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展的可能有效成份,為更深地研究松茸多糖提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下:1.研究和比較了5種培養(yǎng)基的生長(zhǎng)狀況,根據(jù)菌絲體的長(zhǎng)勢(shì)(菌絲密度、菌絲形態(tài),菌絲顏色、菌絲邊緣整齊度)和日生長(zhǎng)速率,篩選出適合松茸母種的最優(yōu)培養(yǎng)基,配方為:馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂培養(yǎng)基(PDA)+蛋白胨+麥麩汁+松針汁(即:馬鈴薯20 g、葡萄糖2 g、瓊脂2 g、蒸餾水100 m L、蛋白胨0.3 g、麥麩汁3 g、松針汁3 g)。2.對(duì)4種提取方式進(jìn)行了比較:熱水浸提法(H-TMP)、超聲輔助提取法(U-TMP)、微波提取法(U-TMP)和酶提取法(E-TMP),4種方法的提取多糖提取得率和DPPH自由基的清除力高低順序均為:H-TMPU-TMPE-TMPM-TMP,它們的還原力的高低順序?yàn)?U-TMPH-TMPM-TMPE-TMP;羥自由基的清除力順序?yàn)?U-TMPH-TMPE-TMPM-TMP。綜合考慮4種提取方法提取的多糖得率和抗氧化活性,可以看出超聲提取法的得率和活性相對(duì)較高,而且,與傳統(tǒng)的熱水浸提法相比較,可以節(jié)省時(shí)間,提高效率。3.采用超聲輔助法制備松茸多糖,并采取單因素和正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)((L9(3)3)對(duì)超聲輔助法的工藝條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。結(jié)果顯示,超聲輔助法的最優(yōu)提取工藝為:超聲溫度40℃,超聲時(shí)間50 min,水料比例25 m L/g,超聲頻率45 k Hz,超聲功率100W,提取得率為8.06%。4.通過乙醇分級(jí)法從松茸多糖中分離純化出3種新穎的多糖(TMP30、TMP60和TMP80),采用高效陰離子交換色譜法(HPAEC-PAD)和傅立葉變換紅外光譜法(FT-IR)進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)表征�？寡趸钚允茄芯科溥�原力、DPPH自由基清除能力和羥自由基清除能力三方面。3種多糖的抗氧化活性高低順序均為:TMP80TMPTMP60TMP30。由此可以看出,松茸多糖分離純化得到的3種多糖,具有一定的抗氧化活性,尤其是TMP80,是一種有很大開發(fā)前景的組分。
[Abstract]:Matsutake, because of its delicious taste, smooth meat, very popular with people, is a rare and rare natural edible medicinal fungi. It contains polysaccharides, amino acids and proteins, and has the function of anti-tumor, treating cardiovascular diseases and promoting the function of stomach and intestines. It is called "King of Edible Fungi". Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharide is one of its main active components and has high nutritional value and medicinal activity. It has broad development value and application prospect in health products and medicine and other fields. In this paper, five kinds of medium formulations were designed for solid culture of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, and the best solid medium for the growth of Tricholoma matsutake was selected, which provides theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake. The polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake were extracted by ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction, traditional hot water extraction, enzyme extraction and microwave extraction. The extraction rate and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake were compared. The best extraction method is ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction. The optimum extraction process of ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction method was screened by single factor and orthogonal design, and then the polysaccharide of Tricholoma matsutake was separated and purified by ethanol classification, and the monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of each component were determined. The possible active components which are more favorable to the development of biomedicine can be obtained, which provides scientific basis for the further study of Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides. The results are as follows: 1. The growth status of five kinds of media was studied and compared. According to the growth of mycelium (mycelium density, mycelium morphology, hypha color, hyphal edge uniformity) and daily growth rate, the optimum medium for matsutake mother strain was selected. The formula is: potato glucose Agar medium (PDAA) peptone wort juice (i.e. potato 20 g, glucose 2 g, Agar 2 g, distilled water 100 mL, peptone 0.3 g, wort juice 3 g, pine needle juice 3 g 路L ~ (-2), the formula is: potato 20 g, glucose 2 g, Agar 2 g, distilled water 100 mL, peptone 0.3 g, wort juice 3 g, pine needle juice 3 g 路2. The extraction rate of polysaccharides and the scavenging power of DPPH free radical of four methods were compared: hot water extraction, ultrasonic assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, microwave extraction and enzyme extraction. The order of their extraction rates and scavenging power of DPPH free radicals were respectively: (1) H-TMPU-TMPE-TMPM-TMP2, and (2) the order of scavenging activity of DPPH free radical was: (1) H-TMPU-TMPM-TMPM-TMP. the order of extraction of polysaccharides and the scavenging power of DPPH free radical were: The order of reducing force is: U -TMPH-TMPM-TMPE-TMPE-TMPand the order of scavenging power of hydroxyl radical is: U U-TMPH-TMPE-TMPM-TMP. Considering the extraction rate of polysaccharides and antioxidant activity of the four extraction methods, it can be seen that the extraction rate and activity of ultrasonic extraction method are relatively high, and compared with the traditional hot water extraction method, it can save time and improve efficiency. The polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake were prepared by ultrasonic assisted method, and the technological conditions of the ultrasonic assisted method were optimized by single factor and orthogonal design. The results showed that the optimum extraction process was as follows: ultrasonic temperature 40 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1987693