本文選題：田徑運動員 + 運動損傷　； 參考：《成都體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景和目的:運動員在日常訓(xùn)練以及激烈的比賽中經(jīng)常伴隨著運動損傷的出現(xiàn),傷病損傷往往困擾著運動員的訓(xùn)練生活,對其運動生涯形成阻力。一旦損傷出現(xiàn),隊員正常的訓(xùn)練課就不能保質(zhì)保量完成,訓(xùn)練目的就無法達到,由于運動損傷的出現(xiàn)使教練員本來周期性的訓(xùn)練計劃不能正常實施,之前期望達到的訓(xùn)練目標可能就無法實現(xiàn),訓(xùn)練結(jié)果達不到預(yù)期標準,比賽成績也就沒有新的突破,運動生涯進入不了新高度,同時也影響著田徑運動的發(fā)展。因此為了了解四川優(yōu)秀田徑運動員在訓(xùn)練或賽事中出現(xiàn)的運動損傷、相關(guān)部位、相同類項目易發(fā)生的損傷傷病等,本文以四川運動技術(shù)學(xué)院田徑系運動員作為對象,以上述問題進行調(diào)查研究,為預(yù)防運動損傷,促進四川田徑發(fā)展提供參考。研究方法:本文采用問卷調(diào)查和訪談法,對四川田徑隊60名運動員根據(jù)訓(xùn)練課以及比賽中出現(xiàn)的運動損傷情況進行研究。將運動員分為四大類項目:跑步類、跳躍類、投擲類以及全能類。分別對其損傷部位、次數(shù)、頻率、易發(fā)生的場合以及季節(jié)、損傷的類型、損傷對平時訓(xùn)練的影響,以及損傷原因的問題所在,歸納相同類項目田徑運動員的傷病共性進行分析等。研究結(jié)果:1.損傷易發(fā)生的場合和季節(jié):跑步類運動損傷主要發(fā)生的場合為專項訓(xùn)練,占51.3%,主要季節(jié)在夏季,占48.6%;跳躍類運動損傷主要發(fā)生的場合為技術(shù)訓(xùn)練,主要季節(jié)在秋季,均占57.1%;全能類運動損傷主要發(fā)生的場合為技術(shù)訓(xùn)練,占71.4%,主要季節(jié)在冬季,占42.8%;投擲類運動損傷主要發(fā)生的場合為專項訓(xùn)練,主要季節(jié)在冬季,均占62.5%。2.損傷的類型和性質(zhì):跑步類運動損傷主要以肌肉拉傷和勞損為主,分別占56.7%和40.5%,其中慢性占37.8%急性轉(zhuǎn)慢性占35.1%;跳躍類運動損傷主要以肌肉拉傷和勞損為主,分別占28.5%和71.4%,其中急性和慢性均占42.8%;投擲類運動損傷主要以肌肉拉傷和勞損為主,分別為50.0%和62.5%,其中急性有37.5%,慢性有62.5%;全能類運動損傷主要以肌肉拉傷、韌帶損傷和勞損為主,肌肉拉傷和韌帶損傷占42.8%勞損占57.1%,其中急性占57.1%,慢性占28.5%。3.根據(jù)損傷部位比例的高低分別為:跑步類為大腿、足踝、膝關(guān)節(jié)、腰部等;跳躍類為足踝,膝關(guān)節(jié)、大腿、腰部等;投擲類為腰部、膝關(guān)節(jié)、足踝、肩部等;全能類為足踝部、腰部、大腿、膝關(guān)節(jié)等。4.易損傷部位的主要傷病:跑步類大腿部的股后群肌損傷,足踝部的踝關(guān)節(jié)韌帶損傷,踝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷性關(guān)節(jié)炎,膝關(guān)節(jié)的膝外側(cè)疼痛綜合征,腰部的肌肉急性拉傷;跳躍類足踝部的急性踝關(guān)節(jié)韌帶損傷、跟腱炎、踝部腱鞘炎,半月板損傷,髕骨周圍處損傷,大腿部的股后群肌損傷;投擲類腰部的腰肌勞損,膝關(guān)節(jié)的半月板損傷,前交叉韌帶損傷,肩部的肱二頭肌長頭腱腱鞘炎;全能類足踝部的外側(cè)韌帶損傷,腰部的腰肌勞損,大腿部的半腱肌損傷。5.損傷的主要原因:訓(xùn)練、技術(shù)、生理心里以及其他因素,多因素一起出現(xiàn)。研究結(jié)論:四川省運動技術(shù)學(xué)院田徑系運動員損傷情況比較普遍,損傷發(fā)生的場合以專項技術(shù)訓(xùn)練為主,夏秋冬季較易發(fā)生損傷;損傷類型以肌肉拉傷和勞損為主,損傷性質(zhì)以急性,慢性為主;運動生涯增長損傷次數(shù)也在變多,損傷和年限成正相關(guān);相同項目類運動員運動損傷好發(fā)部位及傷病存在一定的共性。
[Abstract]:Research background and purpose: athletes often accompany with sports injuries in daily training and fierce competition. Injuries and injuries often perplex the athletes' training and life, and form resistance to their sports career. Once the injury occurs, the normal training course of the players can not be guaranteed, the training purpose can not be achieved, because of the movement of the training purpose. The occurrence of dynamic injury makes the coach's original training plan can not be carried out normally. The training goals expected before the training may not be realized, the training results can not reach the expected standard, the result of the competition also has no new breakthrough, the sports career can not enter the new height, but also affects the development of the track and field. Sichuan excellent track and field athletes in training or events in the sports injury, related parts, the same category of injury and injury easily occur. This article takes the athletes of the track and field Department of the Sichuan Sports Technical College as the object of investigation and research to provide reference for preventing sports injury and promoting the development of Sichuan track and field. By means of questionnaire and interview, 60 athletes of Sichuan track and field team were studied according to the training course and the sports injury in the competition. The athletes were divided into four categories: running, jumping, throwing and all-around. The damage location, number, frequency, prone situation, season, damage class respectively. Type, the impact of injury on normal training, and the problems of the cause of injury, and the analysis of the common injuries and diseases of the track and field athletes in the same category. The results are as follows: 1. the prone situations and seasons: the main occurrence of running injuries is special training, accounting for 51.3%, the main season in summer, 48.6%; jumping sports. The main season of injury is technical training, the main season in autumn is 57.1%, the main occurrence of all kinds of sports injuries is technical training, accounting for 71.4%, the main season is in winter, accounting for 42.8%. The main occurrence of throwing sports injury is special training, the main season is in winter, which accounts for the type and nature of 62.5%.2. damage. The main injuries were muscle strain and strain, which accounted for 56.7% and 40.5%, respectively, of which 37.8% were chronic and 35.1% were chronic. The main injuries were muscle strain and strain, which accounted for 28.5% and 71.4%, respectively, among which the acute and chronic 42.8% were both acute and chronic. 50% and 62.5%, of which 37.5% were acute, and 62.5% were chronic. All the main injuries were muscle strain, ligament injury and strain, muscle injury and ligament injury accounted for 57.1% of the 42.8% strain, of which 57.1% were acute, and chronic 28.5%.3. according to the proportion of damaged parts: running for thighs, ankle, knee, waist. The jumping class is the ankle, knee, thigh, waist, etc; the throwing class is the waist, the knee, the ankle, the shoulder, etc. all the major injuries of the.4. are the ankle, the waist, the thigh, the knee joint, and so on: the posterior femoral muscle injury in the running thigh, the ankle ligament injury in the ankle, the ankle joint, knee joint arthritis, and the knee joint. Lateral pain syndrome, acute muscular injury of the lumbar muscles, acute ankle ligament injury in the leaping ankle, tendinitis, tenosynovitis of the ankle, meniscus injury, patellar injury, posterior femoral muscle injury in the thigh, lumbar muscle strain at the waist, meniscus injury of the knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament injury, and long biceps brachii on the shoulder Tenosynovitis of the head; the main causes of.5. damage in the lateral ligaments of the omnipotent foot and ankle, lumbar muscle strain at the waist and the semitendinosus injury in the thigh: training, technology, physiology and other factors together. Conclusions: the damage of athletes in the Athletics Department of Sichuan Institute of sports technology is more common and the field of injury occurs. In summer and autumn winter and winter are more vulnerable to injury; injury types are mainly muscle strain and strain, and the injury nature is acute and chronic; the number of injuries in sports career growth is also more, damage and years are positively related, and there are certain common features of the good location and injury of sports injury in the same project type athletes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G82;R873

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