本文選題：西紅花　切入點：商品規(guī)格等級　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：西紅花為鳶尾科植物番紅花Crocus sativus L.的干燥柱頭,主產(chǎn)于伊朗、希臘、意大利等地。作為在國際市場上流通的名貴香料和傳統(tǒng)藥材,西紅花的質(zhì)量評價一直備受關(guān)注。西紅花苷、藏紅花醛、藏紅花苦素分別是西紅花顏色、香氣和苦味的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),三者常被作為指標(biāo)成分來評價西紅花質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣。常見的分析方法主要有UV-VIS法、HPLC法,GC法等。近年來,近紅外光譜技術(shù)以其快速、無損、攜帶信息量大等優(yōu)勢而廣泛用于中藥材的質(zhì)量評價中。如,采用近紅外光譜定量模型,可實現(xiàn)對中藥材中化學(xué)成分含量的快速預(yù)測;采用近紅外光譜定性模型,可實現(xiàn)中藥材產(chǎn)地、等級信息的快速識別。因此,建立用于西紅花藥材質(zhì)量評價的近紅外光譜法,將會是現(xiàn)有西紅花質(zhì)量評價體系的一個有益的補(bǔ)充。本研究以收集到的98批產(chǎn)自中國與伊朗的西紅花藥材作為研究對象,采用多種常規(guī)檢測方法與近紅外光譜法對其進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評價,具體內(nèi)容如下:1.對相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述系統(tǒng)查閱了國內(nèi)外有關(guān)西紅花研究的文獻(xiàn)資料,對西紅花藥材來源、化學(xué)成分、質(zhì)量評價、藥理作用等方面的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了分析與整理,為本課題的順利實施奠定了基礎(chǔ)。2.采用ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對西紅花藥材進(jìn)行商品規(guī)格等級的劃分采用藥典法,對樣本進(jìn)行了性狀檢視和干燥失重的測定。采用ISO-3632中商品等級劃分方法,對西紅花藥材的顏色強(qiáng)度、香氣強(qiáng)度、苦味強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行測定,并基于三者的強(qiáng)度值對樣品進(jìn)行商品規(guī)格等級的劃分。在所收集的樣本中,Ⅰ級樣本24批、Ⅱ級36批、Ⅲ級30批,另有8批為不合格樣本。同時,采用L*a*b*色度學(xué)分析法對西紅花藥材的顏色進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明,a*與西紅花苷的吸光度值及顏色強(qiáng)度值之間呈現(xiàn)出較好的相關(guān)性。3.采用高效液相色譜技術(shù)和質(zhì)譜技術(shù)對西紅花藥材化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行定性定量分析建立了98批西紅花樣品中化學(xué)成分的HPLC指紋圖譜,采用質(zhì)譜技術(shù)對8個共有峰中的6個峰進(jìn)行了歸屬,分別為藏紅花苦素、西紅花苷Ⅰ、西紅花苷Ⅱ、順-西紅花苷Ⅰ、順-西紅花苷Ⅱ及藏紅花醛。在308 nm下,98批樣品的指紋圖譜相似度較差,表明各樣本之間存在化學(xué)成分的差異。采用多成分分析法,對中國產(chǎn)與伊朗產(chǎn)西紅花藥材的質(zhì)量差異進(jìn)行了研究。中國產(chǎn)西紅花樣品中藏紅花苦素、西紅花苷Ⅱ、藏紅花醛的單位質(zhì)量峰面積高于伊朗樣品(P0.05),順-西紅花苷Ⅱ的量卻低于伊朗樣品(P0.05),西紅花苷Ⅰ與順-西紅花苷Ⅰ的量沒有明顯差異(P0.05)。建立了同時測定西紅花藥材中西紅花苷Ⅰ、西紅花苷Ⅱ、藏紅花醛含量的HPLC法,并對98批樣品中的上述3種成分進(jìn)行了含量測定。結(jié)果顯示,西紅花苷Ⅰ、西紅花苷Ⅱ、藏紅花醛的含量范圍分別為4.24~17.42%、1.84~7.92%、0.06~0.57%。4.建立了近紅外光譜法評價西紅花藥材的質(zhì)量采用近紅外光譜法,建立了西紅花藥材的干燥失重數(shù)值預(yù)測模型,指標(biāo)成分含量預(yù)測模型及產(chǎn)地鑒別模型。西紅花藥材干燥失重模型的預(yù)測性能優(yōu)良,準(zhǔn)確度高(RMSEP、RMSECV、RPD值分別為0.228、0.271、8.86)。西紅花苷Ⅰ含量、西紅花苷Ⅰ與西紅花苷Ⅱ含量之和、藏紅花苦素單位質(zhì)量峰面積的模型預(yù)測性能良好,準(zhǔn)確度較高(三個模型的RMSEP值分別為0.770、0.905、0.696;RMSECV值分別為0.758、0.890、0.695;RPD值分別為4.14、4.32、4.48);而西紅花苷Ⅱ與藏紅花醛的含量模型預(yù)測性能一般,(兩個模型的RMSEP值分別為0.366與0.0355;RMSECV值分別為0.410與0.0408;RPD值分別為2.97與2.54),二者雖可進(jìn)行相應(yīng)成分的含量預(yù)測,但其準(zhǔn)確度有待提高。西紅花藥材的不同產(chǎn)地鑒別模型中,校正集與驗證集的判正率分別為97.22%與96.15%,表明該模型可用于中國產(chǎn)與伊朗產(chǎn)西紅花的識別。綜上所述,本文以西紅花苷(西紅花苷Ⅰ與西紅花苷Ⅱ)、藏紅花醛、藏紅花苦素為指標(biāo)性成分,采用UV-VIS法、L*a*b*色度學(xué)分析法、HPLC法及指紋圖譜圖法、近紅外光譜法對98批產(chǎn)自中國與伊朗的西紅花藥材進(jìn)行質(zhì)量研究,完成了其商品規(guī)格等級的劃分、化學(xué)成分定性定量分析方法的建立及近紅外光譜定性定量模型的建立。
[Abstract]:Dry stigma saffron crocus as iridaceous plants Crocus sativus L., the main production in Iran, Greece, Italy and other places. As a valuable spices circulation in the international market and traditional medicine, to evaluate the quality of saffron has attracted much attention. Crocin and crocetin dialdehyde, Tibet safflower citruslimonoids are saffron color, aroma and material basis bitter, the three are often used as indicators to evaluate the composition of saffron quality. Common analysis methods include UV-VIS method, HPLC method, GC method and so on. In recent years, near infrared spectroscopy for the rapid, nondestructive, carrying a large amount of information and other advantages and is widely used in the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials. Such as, by using the quantitative model of near infrared spectroscopy, which can realize rapid prediction of the content of chemical components in Chinese medicinal materials; qualitative model of near infrared spectroscopy, which can realize the fast identification of herbal origin, the level of information. Therefore, the establishment of For near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the quality of saffron, will be a useful supplement to the existing evaluation system of saffron quality. In this study, collected 98 batches from Chinese saffron and Iran as the research object, using conventional detection methods with near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate its quality, the specific contents are as follows 1.: this paper reviews the literatures on the system of literature information on the domestic and foreign research of saffron, saffron, chemical composition, quality evaluation, research progress of pharmacological effect of the collation and analysis, lay a foundation.2. partition by using the ISO Standard Specification of goods grade of saffron by pharmacopoeia method the smooth implementation of this project, the samples were examined and the determination of loss on drying characteristics. The classification method of commercial grade ISO-3632, the anther. Color intensity, material strength of aroma, bitterness intensity were determined, and the three intensity values divided by grade of samples based on the specifications of goods. In the collected samples, 24 batches of samples of grade I, II grade 36 batches, 30 batches, 8 batches of substandard samples otherwise. At the same time, using L*a *b* colorimetric analysis method for the color of saffron were analyzed. The results show that the absorbance of a* and crocin between the values and color intensity values showed good correlation of.3. by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of saffron chemical composition by qualitative and quantitative analysis to establish the 98 batch of the chemical composition of saffron samples of HPLC fingerprint by mass spectrometry in 8 there are 6 peaks in the classified, respectively, picrocrocin, crocin 1, crocin II, CIS crocin 1, CIS crocin II and Tibet safflower aldehyde in 308 nm. Next, 98 batches of fingerprint similarity is poor, that differences in chemical composition between each sample. Using multi component analysis method to carry out the research and production of quality differences of Iran saffron production. Chinese Chinese production samples citruslimonoids saffron crocus, crocin II, saffron aldehyde unit mass peak area is higher than that of Iran the sample (P0.05), CIS crocin II amount is lower than the Iran sample (P0.05), crocin 1 and CIS crocin 1 was no significant difference (P0.05). Simultaneous determination of saffron and crocin 1, crocin II, HPLC saffron aldehyde content, and the 98 group in the sample of the above 3 components were determined. The results showed that crocin 1, crocin II, the content range of safranal were 4.24~17.42%, 1.84~7.92%, 0.06~0.57%.4. established the evaluation method of near infrared spectrum West Using near infrared spectroscopy the quality of Flos Carthami, established a numerical prediction model of dry weight loss saffron, identification model and origin model predictive content. Saffron dry weightlessness model prediction performance is good, high accuracy (RMSEP, RMSECV, RPD = 0.228,0.271,8.86). Crocin content of crocin 1. With the crocin II content and picrocrocin in unit mass peak area prediction model has good performance, high degree of accuracy (three model RMSEP = 0.770,0.905,0.696; RMSECV = 0.758,0.890,0.695; RPD = 4.14,4.32,4.48); while the content model of crocin II and safranal prediction performance in general, (two a model of the RMSEP values were 0.366 and 0.0355; RMSECV values were 0.410 and 0.0408; RPD = 2.97 and 2.54), although the two of the corresponding components containing The amount of prediction, but its accuracy needs to be improved. Different discriminating model saffron in the set and validation set positive rate were 97.22% and 96.15% in calibration, the model can be used in identification and Iran production of saffron Chinese. In summary, the west of saffloside (West of saffloside 1 and crocin II) saffron, saffron aldehyde, citruslimonoids index components, using UV-VIS method, analysis method of L*a*b* colorimetry, HPLC method and fingerprint map method, near infrared spectroscopy of the 98 batch of production quality of saffron Chinese and Iran, completed the classification of the commodity specifications and grades, the method of establishing the establishment and quantitative near infrared spectrum qualitative model of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R284.1;O657.33

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