本文關(guān)鍵詞：泰國與中國主要葛根品種的對(duì)比研究　出處：《北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：目的:通過中泰兩國有關(guān)常用葛根的文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研、整理、挖掘,了解葛根在兩國不同品種的分布情況、炮制與貯藏、功能主治、臨床應(yīng)用、用法用量及現(xiàn)代研究情況。從多個(gè)方面比較中泰兩國各自常用葛根情況,彌補(bǔ)此方面研究的缺失,并有利于中泰兩國科學(xué)家僅臨床學(xué)者相互交流借鑒彼此優(yōu)勢(shì),提升葛根的整體研究及使用水平為進(jìn)一步深入研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。方法:中國方面,以《中華醫(yī)典》、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)圖書館為主要檢索目標(biāo)及手段檢索中國野葛相關(guān)資料。泰國方面,以Google Scholar、Pubmed、ScienceDirect、JSTOR、泰國傳統(tǒng)學(xué)圖書館為主要檢索目標(biāo)及手段系統(tǒng)檢索收集整理泰國白葛根相關(guān)資料。通過文獻(xiàn)查閱、史料考證、實(shí)地考察、專家咨詢、文獻(xiàn)研究等方式在中泰兩國葛根品種、基源、炮制、臨床應(yīng)用等方式進(jìn)行總結(jié)整理歸納及對(duì)比研究。結(jié)果:品種方面,中國葛屬品種為8個(gè)品種及2個(gè)變種,泰國葛屬品種為10個(gè)品種。中國對(duì)葛根品種方面記載要早于泰國,其中古代由于沒有提到任何關(guān)于葛根品種的劃分與鑒別,因此當(dāng)時(shí)普遍認(rèn)為葛根僅有一個(gè)品種,并僅區(qū)分野生與家種、以及有關(guān)地域植物生長不同的相關(guān)記載。泰國古代將葛根分為4種,分別為白葛根、紅葛根、黑葛根、么葛根�，F(xiàn)如今中泰兩國作為藥用正品來源的葛屬植物,都同樣僅有一種,中國葛根為野葛 Pueraria loata,泰國白葛根為 Pueraria mirca。炮制方面,中國與泰國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)由于理論及概念上的不同,使得在炮制上存在差異,并特點(diǎn)明確。中國野葛的炮制方法分為生用與煨用,均作為湯劑使用。泰國白葛根的炮制方法為將白葛根達(dá)成粉狀后與蜂蜜或其它泰藥融合,再制成丸劑。貯藏方面,中國與泰國貯藏方法同為置于通風(fēng)干燥處,預(yù)防蟲蛀。功能主治方面,中國研究歷史更為悠久,因此在功效方面中國比泰國擁有更為豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。中國與泰國功效有相似的記載,如具有退熱、解表(治感冒)、止渴、治療痘疹、解動(dòng)物咬傷、解毒功效。但功效的不同部分在于,中國葛根具有解酒毒、升陽止瀉、止血痢、墮胎等。泰國白葛根則具有返老還童、改善睡眠、促進(jìn)食欲、抗衰老、抗皺紋、豐胸、強(qiáng)身健體等。臨床方面中國古代臨床應(yīng)用主要為發(fā)表解肌、升陽透疹、解熱生津、活血通絡(luò),中國現(xiàn)代主要作為治療心腦血管疾病、高血壓、糖尿病等疾病。泰國古代臨床應(yīng)用主要為返老還童、嫩膚作用、治療失眠等,泰國現(xiàn)代主要作為治療更年期綜合征。制劑應(yīng)用方面,中國野葛與泰國白葛根相同點(diǎn)為均擁有傳統(tǒng)劑型。不同之處在于中國劑型發(fā)展的更快,至今已經(jīng)研發(fā)出更具有穩(wěn)定性、可控性、有效性、安全性的葛根新劑型,如經(jīng)皮給藥制劑、注射液等。泰國則在劑型方面主要為傳統(tǒng)劑型的丸劑、膠囊劑,并沒有新劑型的研發(fā)。用法用量方面,中國野葛所采用的是內(nèi)服的湯劑與外用的搗敷,而泰國白葛根采用的是內(nèi)服的丸劑與膠囊劑。安全用量方面,中國野葛藥用用量規(guī)定在10～15g。泰國白葛藥用用量規(guī)定在1～2mg/kg或50～100mg/day。按以上中國與泰國所規(guī)定的安全用量用藥,則不會(huì)產(chǎn)生藥物過敏癥狀。現(xiàn)代研究方面包含了化學(xué)成分與藥理作用兩個(gè)部分。其中國野葛與泰國白葛根主要有效成分均為異黃酮類化合物——葛根素、大豆苷、染料木素等。不同點(diǎn)為泰國白葛根還含有起到雌激素樣作用的葛雌素。藥理作用方面也大致相同,如雌激素樣作用,改善學(xué)習(xí)記憶作用、降壓作用等。不同之處為中國野葛藥理作用方面更加突出葛根對(duì)心血管系統(tǒng)作用、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)作用、降血糖及降血脂作用等,泰國白葛根則更突出雌激素樣作用、豐胸作用、抗骨質(zhì)疏松作用等。結(jié)論:中泰兩國在文化、地域以及使用葛根上面,存在許許多多的不同。甚至品種也不同,這使得在用藥時(shí)也難以相同,也導(dǎo)致在主治病癥方面各自不同。泰國白葛根傳統(tǒng)藥用主要作為返老還童藥、長壽藥,泰國現(xiàn)代藥用則主要作為緩解婦女更年期綜合征的藥物。中國野葛傳統(tǒng)藥用主要用于解肌退熱、生津止渴、療金瘡、解酒毒、發(fā)表透疹、升陽止瀉,中國現(xiàn)代藥用則作為心腦血管疾病、糖尿病、眼科疾病。兩國值得相互學(xué)習(xí)與探討的部分為,中國是否可以把野葛作為藥用保健品,從而提高更年期婦女雌激素作用,以此緩解婦女更年期綜合征?是否可以把野葛作為更便于每日服用的制劑?泰國是否可以把白葛根作為治療外感疾病、心腦血管疾病、糖尿病、眼科疾病等?是否可以學(xué)習(xí)中國野葛的具有穩(wěn)定性、可控制、有效性和安全性新制劑?眾多方面,雙方科學(xué)家都可以突破,交流,學(xué)習(xí),未來在更多有關(guān)課題的研究上,進(jìn)行更多的交流,使得兩個(gè)葛根大國可以互幫互助,同發(fā)展同進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:Objective: through Thailand on commonly used puerarin literature research, collation, mining, knowledge distribution in two different varieties of radix puerariae, processing and storage, indications, clinical application, usage situation and modern research. From the aspects of comparison between China and Thailand are commonly used puerarin, compensate for lack of research in this area, and to Thailand scientists only clinical scholar exchanges to learn from each other, enhance the overall level of research and use of kudzu which lays a solid foundation for further study. Methods: Chinese, with "Chinese medical classics", China CNKI, Wanfang database, the library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as the main search target and means of retrieval related data. China Pueraria lobata in Thailand, to Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Thailand traditional school library retrieval system as the main target and means of collecting the retrieval of Thailand white Puerarin related data. Through literature review, historical research, field investigation, expert consultation, literature research methods in China and Thailand Pueraria varieties, origin, processing, and other ways to summarize the clinical application of induction and comparison. Results: the varieties, China Pueraria varieties into 8 species and 2 varieties in Thailand Ge species for the 10 varieties. Chinese records of Pueraria varieties earlier in Thailand, the ancient because no mention of any classification and identification of Radix Puerariae varieties, it was generally believed that puerarin only one species, and only the distinction between wild and cultivated, and the relevant regional records of different plant growth. Thailand ancient kudzu divided into 4 kinds, which are white kudzu, Pueraria Pueraria red, black, or material. Now Thailand as a source of genuine medicinal Pueraria, are also only a Chinese for Pueraria loat of Pueraria lobata A, Thailand Pueraria mirca. white Pueraria China processing, and Thailand traditional medicine because of the different theories and concepts, which are different in the processing, and clear characteristics. China processing methods are divided into students with kudzu Decoction were used as simmer, processing methods. Thailand white as white Pueraria Pueraria reached powder with honey or other Thai medicine fusion, made pills. Storage, storage methods China with Thailand is placed in ventilated and dry place, prevent infestation. Functions, China research has a long history, so in effect in the country than in Thailand has a rich experience. Chinese have similar records and Thailand has the effect, such as fever, diaphoresis (cold), thirst, treatment of pox, solution of animal bites, detoxification effect. But the effect of different parts is Chinese with Pueraria antialcoholism, Shengyang Zhixie, hemostasis dysentery, abortion and Thailand. China has white Pueraria rejuvenation, improve sleep, promote appetite, anti-aging, anti wrinkle, breast enhancement, physical fitness. The clinical application of clinical China published mainly by ancient jieji, sun Touzhen, antipyretic fluid, Huoxue Tongluo, modern China mainly as the treatment of cardio cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases in ancient Thailand. The main clinical application for rejuvenation, rejuvenation, treatment of insomnia, modern Thailand mainly as the treatment of menopausal syndrome. Pharmaceutical applications, the same China kudzu and Thailand white Pueraria point have traditional forms. The difference is that faster Chinese formulation development, has been developed with more stability, controllability and effectiveness. Ge Genxin forms of security, such as transdermal drug delivery preparation, injection and so on. Thailand is in the main form of pills, traditional dosage form of capsule, R & D and no new dosage form. The amount of usage, China kudzu is used Decoction and topical oral administration of Thailand and the white pound deposited, kudzu is used oral pills and capsules. The safe dosage, Chinese medicinal dosage prescribed in Pueraria lobata 10 ~ 15g. Thailand white medicinal dosage Ge prescribed in the 1 ~ 2mg/kg or 50 ~ 100mg/day. according to the amount of medication safety the above Chinese and Thailand regulations, will not produce the drug allergy symptoms. Modern research contains two parts. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Puerarin lobata and Chinese Thailand white are the main effective components of isoflavonoids of puerarin, daidzein, genistein. Different points for the Thailand white Pueraria contains up the estrogenic effects of miroestrol. Pharmacological effects are the same, such as estrogen like effect, improve the function of learning and memory, such as antihypertensive effect. The difference for Chinese kudzu Pharmacological Action Party More prominent role of Puerarin on the cardiovascular system, central nervous system effects, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Thailand, Bai Gegen is more prominent estrogen like effects, breast enhancement effect, anti osteoporosis effect. Conclusion: Thailand in regional culture, and using puerarin above, there are many different varieties are different even., which makes the drug to the same, also lead to different indications. In Thailand white medicinal puerarin mainly as a Rejuvenator, longevity medicine, Thailand modern medicinal mainly as a remedy for women climacteric syndrome. Chinese kudzu is mainly used for traditional medicinal jieji fever, thirst, sore treatment, alcohol toxicity published, Touzhen, Chinese sun diarrhea, modern medicinal as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, eye diseases. The two countries are worth learning from each other and discussion part, whether Chinese You can put kudzu as medicinal health products, so as to improve the effect of estrogen in menopausal women, in order to alleviate menopausal syndrome? Whether can be as more convenient for daily use of kudzu preparations? Whether Thailand can take Bai Gegen as the treatment of exogenous diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, eye disease? Whether can learn with stability, can control the Chinese Pueraria lobata, effectiveness and safety of new preparations? Many aspects, both scientists can breakthrough, communication, learning, in the future more research on the subject, more exchanges, the two big puerarin can help each other, with the development and progress.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R282.71

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