本文關(guān)鍵詞：緬甸女生性健康相關(guān)知信行及其影響因素的研究　出處：《廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 緬甸 女大學(xué)生 性健康知識(shí) 態(tài)度 行為

【摘要】：研究背景性是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題,與健康關(guān)系密切。隨著人類(lèi)文化和生活水平提高,人類(lèi)的性問(wèn)題對(duì)個(gè)人健康的影響將遠(yuǎn)比人們以前所認(rèn)識(shí)的更為深入和重要,性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)缺乏或錯(cuò)誤觀念與行為將極大地影響人們的生活質(zhì)量。性健康問(wèn)題不僅和生育及生育控制有關(guān),也和預(yù)防艾滋病等性傳播疾病侵襲的醫(yī)療保健有關(guān)。性健康知識(shí)在不同的時(shí)代和不同的社會(huì)具有不同的認(rèn)識(shí)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不同年齡階段也具有不同的重點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容。隨著社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,年輕人的性成熟年齡普遍提前而結(jié)婚年齡推遲,有很多研究表明青年人的婚前性行為逐年上升,初次性行為年齡也有提前的趨勢(shì),但性健康知識(shí)仍然相當(dāng)缺乏,尤其是女生。性健康知識(shí)薄弱,會(huì)發(fā)生不安全性行為,容易遭受包括性病、艾滋病和意外妊娠等不良后果損害,而女生是不安全性行為導(dǎo)致意外妊娠的的唯一受害者。近年來(lái)緬甸青年人的婚前性行為發(fā)生率也漸漸升高,而國(guó)內(nèi)又禁止人工流產(chǎn)。雖然有些意外妊娠的未婚女生有勇氣分娩有能力養(yǎng)育小孩但沒(méi)有能力面對(duì)社會(huì)對(duì)她們的看待,因?yàn)榫挼樯鐣?huì)也跟很多東方國(guó)家一樣尚未能接受單身媽媽的事件。緬甸社會(huì)認(rèn)為討論有關(guān)性話題是非�？蓯u,很多緬甸女生對(duì)性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)非常缺乏,在此方面調(diào)查研究也較少,因此緬甸女生大部分面臨著很大的性健康問(wèn)題和性健康服務(wù)。而在中國(guó),開(kāi)放改革以來(lái)一直有研究關(guān)于性健康知識(shí)方面,對(duì)性知識(shí)、態(tài)度及行為有獨(dú)立研究之外,也有對(duì)其三者關(guān)系也做過(guò)很多研究與探討,取得了一定的成效。研究目的了解緬甸國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)城市的不同人群的部分女生對(duì)性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)、觀念、行為及性健康需求方面的現(xiàn)狀及差異,分析其影響因素,為緬甸女生促進(jìn)性健康教育和行為干預(yù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:1.研究對(duì)象:來(lái)自仰光與曼德城市,采用整體抽樣方法共選取2所不同類(lèi)型的大學(xué)與1所免費(fèi)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校,年齡范圍為16-29歲的緬甸女生,共815名為調(diào)查對(duì)象。2.調(diào)查內(nèi)容:調(diào)查內(nèi)容分為四個(gè)部分:一、基本信息有8個(gè)問(wèn)題;二、性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)分為單選題15個(gè)問(wèn)題和多選題9個(gè)問(wèn)題共24問(wèn)題;三、性相關(guān)態(tài)度與性行為含有含10個(gè)問(wèn)題;四、性健康教育需求情況6個(gè)問(wèn)題,全卷共48個(gè)問(wèn)題。3.調(diào)查方法:采用團(tuán)體調(diào)查法對(duì)不同類(lèi)型學(xué)校的女學(xué)生進(jìn)行匿名自填方式調(diào)查。具體方法:首先聯(lián)系學(xué)校的相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人,在任課老師的配合下,以班級(jí)為單位施測(cè)。4.資料錄入與統(tǒng)計(jì)方法:用Excel 2007軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入,采用SPSS16.0軟件,運(yùn)用X2檢驗(yàn)和多因素logistic回歸等分析方法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05,P0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。5.質(zhì)量控制每次現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查統(tǒng)一發(fā)放,統(tǒng)一回收,收卷時(shí)審查問(wèn)卷填寫(xiě)是否完整,有缺漏者即時(shí)要求補(bǔ)填。錄入前對(duì)每份問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行審核,對(duì)選項(xiàng)缺失的問(wèn)卷予以剔除。錄入質(zhì)量檢測(cè)采用抽查法,具體為:每當(dāng)錄入100份問(wèn)卷,即抽查15份(檢測(cè)率為15%)進(jìn)行逐項(xiàng)核查,完全準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤后方可繼續(xù)錄入,否則就對(duì)此100份問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行逐份核查更正,然后再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行錄入。結(jié)果:1.調(diào)查對(duì)象基本情況:本次調(diào)查對(duì)象共有815名女生,年齡范圍16-29歲,平均年齡為18.7±2.6歲,近84.5%小于20歲,3.8%的大于25歲,其中7人為已婚。城市出生地為47.2%,72%的研究對(duì)象是在讀本科生,每月可支配收入低于10萬(wàn)塊緬幣(10萬(wàn)塊緬幣=500元人民幣)的比例為主,占65%。緬甸女生月經(jīng)初潮的年齡階段13-14歲為最多,占64.5%。2.性健康相關(guān)知識(shí):單選題回答正確率最多的問(wèn)題是性病的傳播途徑,正確率為78.4%。回答正確率達(dá)到50%以上的問(wèn)題有正常的白帶性狀、女性最佳生育年齡、出現(xiàn)婦科癥狀是接受婦科檢查、性病的傳播途徑和控制艾滋病最有效的措施等5個(gè)問(wèn)題。關(guān)于女生生理特征僅有1/3的女生知道產(chǎn)生月經(jīng)血的器官,對(duì)月經(jīng)期隔離時(shí)間和月經(jīng)排血持續(xù)時(shí)間回答正確率分別為14.2%和10.9%。緬甸女生對(duì)性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)十分匱乏,性健康知識(shí)總分為14分,得分0-7分為性健康知識(shí)缺乏,得分8-14分為性健康知識(shí)良好,緬甸女生性相關(guān)知識(shí)平均分為5.4分,得分12分的為0。三個(gè)學(xué)校之間外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)(UFL)學(xué)生的性相關(guān)知識(shí)水平高于另外兩所學(xué)校的學(xué)生。多選題方面:選擇自己認(rèn)為最重要的三個(gè)選項(xiàng),然后按選擇率最多前三位進(jìn)行比較,三個(gè)學(xué)校選擇率最多的排前第一位相同的有7道題:月經(jīng)期注意事項(xiàng)、處女摸破裂的原因、聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的避孕措施、流產(chǎn)或人工流產(chǎn)的害處、知道的性傳播疾病、怎樣預(yù)防性病和艾滋病主要傳播途徑等,排前第二位相同的有5道題:處女摸破裂的原因、流產(chǎn)或人工流產(chǎn)的害處、知道的性傳播疾病、怎樣預(yù)防性病和艾滋病主要傳播途徑等,排前第三位相同的有6道題:月經(jīng)期注意事項(xiàng)、處女摸破裂的原因、懷孕的感覺(jué)和表現(xiàn)、知道的性傳播疾病、怎樣預(yù)防性病和艾滋病主要傳播途徑等。3.性相關(guān)態(tài)度:50%以上的緬甸女生認(rèn)為有必要進(jìn)行婚前醫(yī)學(xué)檢查和提前接受懷孕、避孕及人工流產(chǎn)相關(guān)知識(shí)。1/3的緬甸女生對(duì)“敏感話題”厭惡和回避,認(rèn)為手淫是正�，F(xiàn)象的不到15.0%,不知道什么是手淫的占68.5%。對(duì)婚前性行為的看法90.0%左右的緬甸女生反對(duì)婚前性行為,25.5%的女生認(rèn)為有過(guò)婚前性行為者是‘道德敗壞’,‘覺(jué)得事件正常’的為6.8%。對(duì)性態(tài)度也進(jìn)行評(píng)分比較總分為18分,得分0-9分為‘性態(tài)度保守’,10-18分為‘性態(tài)度開(kāi)放’。性態(tài)度開(kāi)放的比率為16.0%,平均分為8.6±3.0,最低分為2分最高分為18分。不同學(xué)校之間外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校(UFL)性態(tài)度比較開(kāi)放,YDB和YGN兩個(gè)學(xué)校性態(tài)度開(kāi)放程度較接近。4.性行為:看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品的緬甸女生為12.6%,從沒(méi)看過(guò)的和不想看的分別為57.1%和27.0%。談戀愛(ài)情況;從未談過(guò)戀愛(ài)的女生占50.3%,談過(guò)一次戀愛(ài)的占38.8%,談過(guò)兩次以上的占10.9%。緬甸女生手淫和婚前性行為發(fā)生率分別為1.7%和1.5%。三個(gè)學(xué)校之間看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品、手淫發(fā)生和婚前性行為發(fā)生的比例外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)(UFL)最高,綜合大學(xué)(YDB)最低,對(duì)談過(guò)戀愛(ài)情況免費(fèi)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校(YGN)和綜合大學(xué)(YDB)比較接近。5.性健康知識(shí)來(lái)源與需求情況:51.2%緬甸女生高中時(shí)期才開(kāi)始接觸過(guò)有關(guān)性健康知識(shí),從未接觸過(guò)的為8.0%。性健康知識(shí)來(lái)源的前三位依次為學(xué)校教育(45.0%)、書(shū)刊雜志(39.6%)、同學(xué)朋友(12.4%)。不同學(xué)校之間性健康知識(shí)主要來(lái)源也有點(diǎn)差異,免費(fèi)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校(YGN)的性健康知識(shí)主要來(lái)源依次為學(xué)校教育、書(shū)刊雜志和展覽宣傳,綜合大學(xué)(YDB)的主要來(lái)源依次為學(xué)校教育、書(shū)刊雜志和同學(xué)朋友,外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)(UFL)的性健康知識(shí)主要來(lái)源前三位依次為書(shū)刊雜志、學(xué)校教育和同學(xué)朋友。同一個(gè)城市的綜合大學(xué)(YDB)和外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)(UFL)性健康知識(shí)主要來(lái)源第一位和第二位有交叉情況。綜合大學(xué)(YDB)和免費(fèi)培訓(xùn)學(xué)校(YGN)的性健康知識(shí)主要來(lái)源前兩位相同。對(duì)學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)性健康教育課程的愿望‘從未考慮過(guò)’的為41.8%,‘反對(duì)’的為4.0%。緬甸女人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該在‘大一’時(shí)期開(kāi)展性健康知識(shí)的為48.8%。對(duì)于開(kāi)展性健康教育的方式最受歡迎的是‘舉行講座’(75.5%),有10.0%的希望開(kāi)設(shè)選修課。6.性健康相關(guān)知信行的影響因素:性知識(shí)單因素分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同調(diào)查地點(diǎn)、年齡、出生地、文化程度與收入等因素對(duì)性健康知識(shí)得分有影響。隨著年齡、文化程度的增高性健康知識(shí)得分有增高。縣城女生和中等收入的女生得分高于城市及鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)女生和低收入及高收入女生。多因素分析結(jié)果顯示文化程度和每月可支配收入對(duì)性健康知識(shí)得分有影響。性態(tài)度單因素分析顯示,縣城女生比鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和城市的女生性態(tài)度略開(kāi)放,本科畢業(yè)生比高中畢業(yè)生和在讀本科生性態(tài)度較開(kāi)放,有性健康知識(shí)的女生性態(tài)度比較開(kāi)放,每月可支配收入高的女生比低收入的女生性態(tài)度比較開(kāi)放。多因素結(jié)果分析,不同學(xué)校、文化程度、每月可支配收入和性健康知識(shí)水平等對(duì)性態(tài)度開(kāi)放有影響。性行為單因素分析,性健康缺乏和看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品的女生手淫發(fā)率高于有性健康知識(shí)的女生和沒(méi)看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品的女生。另外,看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品和發(fā)生過(guò)手淫的女生婚前性行為發(fā)生率高于沒(méi)看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品和沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)手淫的女生。多因素分析看過(guò)有關(guān)直接描述性交作品的對(duì)手淫發(fā)生有影響,另外手淫發(fā)生情況對(duì)婚前性行為發(fā)生又有影響。性態(tài)度開(kāi)放與保守對(duì)手淫發(fā)生和婚前性行為發(fā)生無(wú)差異。結(jié)論緬甸女生性健康相關(guān)知信行的整體水平比較低,性知識(shí)在多方面明顯缺乏;性態(tài)度水平以保守為主;但性相關(guān)行為卻相對(duì)比較開(kāi)放。關(guān)于性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)除了知道性病及艾滋病主要傳播途徑以外其他性健康知識(shí)掌握程度都很差,大部分也沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)正規(guī)的、系統(tǒng)的性健康教育。性健康知識(shí)來(lái)源渠道最多為學(xué)校教育,可說(shuō)學(xué)校的性健康教育不全面導(dǎo)致學(xué)生缺乏性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)。不同年齡、文化程度和每月可支配收入的調(diào)查對(duì)象性健康知識(shí)得分和性態(tài)度程度也不同。兩城市均為外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校的性健康相關(guān)認(rèn)知水平和性態(tài)度較高于兩所學(xué)校,對(duì)于婚前性行為發(fā)生率0不想回答0的比例也高于另外兩所學(xué)校,綜合性大學(xué)的女生性行為發(fā)生率最低。隨著年齡和文化程度的增高性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)水平有增高的趨勢(shì)。雖然緬甸女生知道性病的傳播途徑和知道艾滋病是性傳播疾病,但對(duì)淋病和梅毒等其他性病不太了解,關(guān)于女生生殖健康相關(guān)知識(shí)比較缺乏。緬甸女生第一次接觸性健康相關(guān)知識(shí)的時(shí)期比較晚,對(duì)學(xué)校開(kāi)展性健康教育的愿望也不高,希望在學(xué)校以選修課和必修課方式開(kāi)設(shè)性健康教育也非常低。建議緬甸國(guó)內(nèi)需要強(qiáng)大的支持和促進(jìn)性健康相關(guān)教育,幫助女生樹(shù)立正規(guī)與科學(xué)的性健康知識(shí)和性觀念,應(yīng)該把性健康教育納入到學(xué)校教育。高校應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)大學(xué)生的性道德和安全性行為的教育,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注低年級(jí)和年齡較小的女生人群。
[Abstract]:Research background is a complex problem and is closely related to health. With the improvement of human culture and living standards, the influence of human sexual problems on personal health will be more profound and important than people have known before. Lack of knowledge about sexual health and erroneous concepts and behaviors will greatly affect people's quality of life. The problem of sexual health is not only related to birth control and birth control, but also related to the prevention and treatment of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The knowledge of sexual health has different knowledge and standards in different times and different societies, and different age stages also have different emphasis and content. With the development of society and economy, the age of sexual maturity of young people generally in advance and delayed marriages, many studies show that the premarital sexual behavior of young people is increasing year by year, the age of first sex is also ahead of the trend, but still quite a lack of sexual health knowledge, especially female students. Weak knowledge of sexual health may lead to unsafe sexual behaviors, and it is easy to suffer from adverse consequences such as sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS and unexpected pregnancy. Girls are the only victims of unsafe sex leading to unexpected pregnancy. In recent years, the incidence of premarital sexual behavior of young people in Burma is also increasing, and abortion is forbidden in China. Although some unmarried girls who have unexpected pregnancy have the courage to give birth, have the ability to raise children, but they are not able to face the society's view of them. Because Burma society is also like many Eastern countries, and has not yet accepted the incident of single mother. In the Burma society, it is very disgraceful to discuss sex related topics. Many girls in Burma are very lack of knowledge about sexual health. In this regard, there are few investigations. Therefore, most of Burma girls are faced with great sexual health problems and sexual health services. In China, since the reform and opening up, there have been researches on sexual health knowledge, independent knowledge about sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. There have been many researches and discussions about the relationship between them, and some results have been achieved. Objective: To study the two city of Burma domestic different groups of some girls on health related knowledge, idea, behavior and sexual health needs of the status quo and differences, analyze its influencing factors, and provide scientific basis for the promotion of Burma girls' health education and behavior intervention. Methods: 1. subjects: from Yangon city and Mandela, with overall sampling methods were selected in 2 different types of universities and 1 free training, age range 16-29 years old girl in Burma, a total of 815 subjects. 2. investigation content: the content is divided into four parts: first, the basic information of 8 problems; two, health related knowledge is divided into multiple choice questions and 15 multiple-choice questions 9 questions 24 questions; three, sex related attitudes and behaviors containing 10 questions; four, sexual health education for the 6 problem, the whole volume of a total of 48 problems. 3. survey methods: an anonymous way by investigation group investigation method on different types of school female students. Specific methods: first contact the relevant person in charge of the school, with the teacher's coordination, take the class as a unit. 4., data entry and statistical methods: data entry using Excel 2007 software, SPSS16.0 software, X2 test and multi factor Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The test level was =0.05 and P0.05 was statistically significant. 5. quality control each field investigation unified distribution, unified recovery, coiling Examination Questionnaire is complete, there are several instant fill requirements. Each questionnaire was reviewed before entry, and the missing questionnaire was eliminated. The method of spot check for input quality inspection is as follows: whenever 100 questionnaires are entered, namely 15 spot checks (the detection rate is 15%), it is checked by item by item, completely and accurately, and then it can be entered continuously. Otherwise, 100 questionnaires will be checked and corrected by checking and checking. Results: 1., the basic situation of the respondents: there were 815 girls in the survey. The age range is 16-29 years old, the average age is 18.7 + 2.6 years old, nearly 84.5% is less than 20 years old, 3.8% is more than 25 years old, 7 of them are married. The urban birthplace is 47.2%, 72% of the research subjects are undergraduates, and the monthly disposable income is less than 100 thousand Burmese (100 thousand yuan =500 yuan), accounting for 65%. The age of menarche at the age of 13-14 in Burma is the most, accounting for 64.5%. 2. sexual health related knowledge: the question of the most correct answer rate of the single choice question is the transmission way of STD, and the correct rate is 78.4%. To answer the question that the accuracy rate is over 50%, the normal leucorrhea character, the best age of childbearing and the symptom of gynecologic symptom are 5 problems, such as gynecological examination, the transmission way of sexually transmitted diseases and the most effective measures to control AIDS. For girls with physiological characteristics, only 1/3 of girls knew the organ generating menstrual blood. The correct rate for the isolation time of menstruation and the duration of menstrual bleeding was 14.2% and 10.9% respectively. Burma girls had very little knowledge about sexual health, and the total score of sexual health knowledge was 14 points. The score was 0-7, and the score of sexual health knowledge was 8-14, and the score of sexual health knowledge was 8-14. The average score of sexual knowledge of female students in Burma was 5.4 and 12 respectively. The level of sexual related knowledge among students of foreign language universities (UFL) between the three schools is higher than that of other two schools. Multiple choice: choose three options that the most important, and then press the top three most selection rate comparison, three school choice rate at the same row before the first 7 questions: menstrual period note, virgin touch of the rupture, heard of contraception, abortion or induced abortion the harm of sexually transmitted diseases, and know how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS spread, ranked the top second of the same 5 questions: the virgin of the rupture, abortion or touch
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R167

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