地處巴基斯坦的喜馬拉雅森林擁有豐富的動植物資源。由于海拔變化范圍廣,形成了亞熱帶闊葉林（STBLF）、亞熱帶松林（SCPF）和濕潤溫帶森林（MTF）三種不同的森林類型。在植被方面表現(xiàn)出豐富的多樣性包含1700多種開花植物,50多種禾草以及53種蕨類植物。亞熱帶闊葉林通常位于海拔500-1200m,具體豐富的樹種及灌木和荊棘類植被;亞熱帶松林位于海拔為1000m-2500m區(qū)域內(nèi),以喜馬拉雅長葉松為主;濕潤溫帶森林處于海拔高度為1500m-3000m的區(qū)域,除了包含自然更新的、成熟的針葉樹種外,還包含不同齡級的新更新樹種（如Pinus Wallichiana,Cedrus deodara,Abies pindrow,Picea smithiana 等）。（1）近年來,由于非法及不受控制的采伐,農(nóng)業(yè)活動和城市化等人類活動的擴大所造成的土地使用/土地覆蓋變化（LULCC）引起了人們的關(guān)注。本文基于遙感（RS）數(shù)據(jù),使用地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）建模,研究了該區(qū)域的LULCC。在研究的時間范圍內(nèi)（1998-2018年）,研究區(qū)林地面積從40936.77公頃減少為36709.23公頃,農(nóng)業(yè)用地從42... 

【文章來源】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：100 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
    1.1 Himalayan Mountain range
    1.2 Himalayan Mountain Range of Pakistan
        1.2.1 Forest Types
        1.2.2 Geology
        1.2.3 Climate
        1.2.4 Wildlife
        1.2.5 Threats to Himalayan forests
    1.3 Land Use/Land Cover Change （LULCC）
        1.3.1 Application GIS and Remote Sensing in LULCC
    1.4 Impacts of LULCC
    1.5 The purpose of the study, objective and technical route
        1.5.1 Purpose
        1.5.2 Objectives
        1.5.3 Technical route
2. Application of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Monitoring and Projecting Forest BiomassCarbon loss in Himalayan Forests
    2.1 Materials and methods
        2.1.1 Study Area
        2.1.2 Data Collection
        2.1.3 Land-use classification
        2.1.4 Image pre-processing
        2.1.5 Image classification
        2.1.6 Accuracy Assessment
    2.2 Land use and Land cover change Prediction
        2.2.1 Markov Chain
        2.2.2 Suitability maps preparation
        2.2.3 Criterion development
        2.2.4 Land use Change analysis
        2.2.5 Validation of CA-Markov Model
    2.3 Forest Biomass and Carbon calculation
        2.3.1 Forest Biomass calculation
        2.3.2 Forest carbon calculation
        2.3.3 Biomass and Carbon Change Calculation
    2.4 Statistical Analysis
    2.5 Results and Analysis
        2.5.1 Land use Change Dynamics
        2.5.2 Accuracy assessment of LULCC and model Validation
        2.5.3 Forest Inventory, Biomass and Carbon change
    2.6 Discussion
        2.6.1 Land use Change
        2.6.2 Forest inventory, biomass and Carbon Change
    2.7 Summary
2 Emission from Biomass Burning and Risk Zone Mapping of Forest Fires in Himalayan Forests of Pakistan">3. CO₂ Emission from Biomass Burning and Risk Zone Mapping of Forest Fires in Himalayan Forests of Pakistan
    3.1 Materials and methods
        3.1.1 Description of Study Area
        3.1.2 Data Acquisition
2 Emission Estimation">        3.1.3 Biomass and CO₂ Emission Estimation
        3.1.4 Forest fire risk zoning and fire risk index
        3.1.5 Visibility analysis
    3.2 Results and discussions
2 Emission Trend">        3.2.1 Forest Fires and CO₂ Emission Trend
        3.2.2 Fire Risk Zones and Fire risk index
    3.3 Summary
4. Carbon shift with land use change in Margallah hills national park Islamabad （Himalayan Forests）from 1990 to 2017
    4.1 Materials and methods
        4.1.1 Study area
        4.1.2 Data acquisition
        4.1.3 Pre-processing of satellite imagery
        4.1.4 Accuracy assessment
        4.1.5 Land-use change detection map
        4.1.6 Carbon inventory
        4.1.7 Carbon loss assessment
    4.2 Results and Analysis
        4.2.1 Land uses and Land use change
        4.2.2 Carbon dynamics and carbon losses
    4.3 Discussion
        4.3.1 Land use and land cover change
        4.3.2 Carbon dynamics and carbon losses
    4.4 Summary
5. Conclusion
    5.1 Recommendations
6. References
Appendices
Personal Profile
Supervisor Profile
Acknowledgements



本文編號：3105176