【摘要】：糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)的農(nóng)民收入問題是中國共產(chǎn)黨和政府當(dāng)前面臨的一個重大問題。已有的大量相關(guān)研究從宏觀和中觀層面對農(nóng)民收入的現(xiàn)狀、問題和增收對策做了系統(tǒng)的分析,但從農(nóng)戶資源配置的微觀視角對該問題所做研究很少。本研究首先梳理和應(yīng)用馬克思主義資源配置理論,針對中國實際提出農(nóng)戶資源配置效率不高的理論假說;然后基于作者對一個具有較廣泛代表性的普通產(chǎn)糧村的逐戶調(diào)查,做村莊個案分析,用統(tǒng)計回歸等分析方法,分析該村165戶農(nóng)戶2012年生產(chǎn)和收入的截面數(shù)據(jù),檢驗農(nóng)戶資源配置是否合理;最后在唯物史觀的視野中提出理論解釋和改進思路。根據(jù)馬克思主義,資源配置合理的具體標準是供需平衡和勞動耗費最少。本文假定農(nóng)戶資源配置的目標是其家庭純收入最大化。由于當(dāng)前中國農(nóng)戶處在自然經(jīng)濟、市場經(jīng)濟和計劃經(jīng)濟的夾縫中,面臨各種復(fù)雜的矛盾,其資源配置效率很難達到最優(yōu),因此其收入也很難達到最大化。對案例村莊的實證分析表明,從勞動耗費最少的標準看,農(nóng)戶農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中資金和勞動力投入過多,存在浪費;從供需平衡的標準看,糧食生產(chǎn)在政府價格支持政策下能較好地對接需求,而蔬菜生產(chǎn)在市場機制的作用下波動劇烈,常造成資源浪費。總體而言,農(nóng)戶資源配置效率未達到最優(yōu),因此其收入也未能最大化。理論分析表明,在中國當(dāng)前的大轉(zhuǎn)型時期,農(nóng)戶的資源配置方式具備自然經(jīng)濟、市場經(jīng)濟和計劃經(jīng)濟三種資源配置方式的屬性,其資源配置方式與生產(chǎn)力水平和生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展并不適應(yīng),因此很難使其資源配置達到最合理的水平。具體而言,農(nóng)戶資源配置方式中的自然因素過于落后,無法滿足先進的生產(chǎn)力要求;農(nóng)戶資源配置方式中的市場因素相較生產(chǎn)力的迅速發(fā)展亦顯得落后,無法滿足生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的要求;而農(nóng)戶資源配置方式中的計劃因素則未能及時發(fā)展完善并跟上生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的要求。改進農(nóng)戶資源配置效率,進而提高農(nóng)民收入的根本思路是按照典型示范、農(nóng)民自愿、政府扶持的原則推進農(nóng)民合作化,同時加強政府對農(nóng)業(yè)以及對勞動力市場的宏觀調(diào)控。
[Abstract]:The issue of farmers' income in grain-producing areas is a major issue facing the CPC and the government. A large number of related studies have made a systematic analysis of the present situation, problems and income increase countermeasures of farmers' income from the macro and meso levels, but little has been done on this issue from the microscopic perspective of the allocation of farmers' resources. This research firstly combs and applies the Marxist theory of resource allocation, and puts forward the hypothesis that the allocation efficiency of peasant household resources is not high in view of the actual situation in China, and then based on the author's house-to-house survey of a widely representative general grain producing village. This paper makes case analysis of villages, analyzes the cross-section data of production and income of 165 rural households in this village in 2012 by means of statistical regression and so on, and tests whether the allocation of farmers' resources is reasonable or not. Finally, it puts forward theoretical explanation and improvement ideas in the perspective of historical materialism. According to Marxism, the rational allocation of resources is the specific criterion of balance between supply and demand and minimum labor cost. This paper assumes that the goal of resource allocation of farmers is to maximize their net income. At present, Chinese farmers are in the gap of natural economy, market economy and planned economy, and they are faced with various complicated contradictions, so it is difficult to achieve optimal resource allocation efficiency, so it is difficult to maximize their income. The empirical analysis of the case villages shows that from the point of view of the minimum labor cost, the farmers' investment in agricultural production is excessive and there is waste; from the point of view of the balance between supply and demand, Grain production can better meet demand under the policy of government price support, but vegetable production fluctuates sharply under the action of market mechanism, which often results in waste of resources. Overall, the efficiency of resource allocation is not optimal, so its income is not maximized. Theoretical analysis shows that in the current period of great transformation in China, farmers' resource allocation mode has the attributes of natural economy, market economy and planned economy. The mode of resource allocation is not suitable to the level of productivity and the development of productivity, so it is difficult to make the allocation of resources to the most reasonable level. In particular, the natural factors in the allocation of farmers' resources are too backward to meet the requirements of advanced productive forces, and the market factors in the mode of allocation of farmers' resources are also lagging behind compared with the rapid development of productive forces. It can not meet the demands of productivity development, while the planning factors in the way of allocation of farmers' resources can not develop and perfect in time and keep up with the demands of the development of productive forces. The basic idea to improve the efficiency of peasant household resource allocation and further increase farmers' income is to promote the cooperative transformation of farmers according to the principles of typical demonstration, peasants' willingness and government support, and at the same time, to strengthen the government's macro regulation and control of agriculture and labor market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.8

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