本文選題：中國　切入點：美國　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：自中美關(guān)系正常化以來,兩國雙邊貿(mào)易關(guān)系的發(fā)展得到了前所未有的有利環(huán)境,中美貿(mào)易快速發(fā)展,兩國貿(mào)易關(guān)系日益密切。同時,中美作為在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有顯著地位的經(jīng)濟(jì)體,兩國貿(mào)易關(guān)系的健康發(fā)展,不僅會對中美兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生巨大的推動作用,對于維護(hù)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易和金融體系的正常運(yùn)行也有著重要的意義。因此,本文試圖對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的考察,不僅是對已有研究的有益補(bǔ)充,也可以為中國在處理中美貿(mào)易問題時,提供一些參考。本文首先梳理了中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)。中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系是中美關(guān)系的重要組成部分,同時也從屬于中美關(guān)系,從屬于各自的國家整體戰(zhàn)略和對外戰(zhàn)略。特別是中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系具有其歷史復(fù)雜性,制度的差異、國家戰(zhàn)略的沖突、歷史的慣性都對兩國貿(mào)易關(guān)系的發(fā)展有著重要的影響。所以理解中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系,不僅要基于經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的角度,還要綜合考慮到非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的影響。因此,本文不僅對國際貿(mào)易理論進(jìn)行了梳理,也對國家利益理論、相互依存理論和國際合作理論等國際關(guān)系理論進(jìn)行了闡釋,為中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的進(jìn)一步分析提供理論基礎(chǔ)。為試圖厘清歷史與現(xiàn)實的聯(lián)系,深入理解中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,本文又對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的歷史與現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了考察,在此基礎(chǔ)上指出了中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展過程中的特點。毋庸諱言,當(dāng)今的中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系中帶有更多的“美國主導(dǎo)”色彩,美國政府的政策選擇對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展有著至關(guān)重要的影響,因此,本文在對美國對華貿(mào)易政策演變和特點進(jìn)行總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,對中美兩國貿(mào)易政策的協(xié)調(diào)與互動進(jìn)行了分析。通過對中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展發(fā)展歷史的分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著中美兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的深化,兩國貿(mào)易的相互依存性也在不斷提高。這種提高既是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的必然趨勢,也是中美兩國貿(mào)易快速發(fā)展的結(jié)果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步指出中美兩國的相互依存是一種不對稱的依存,從現(xiàn)狀來看,中國對美國的依存度要更高一些,這也使得美國在中美貿(mào)易中獲得了更大的“權(quán)力”,往往成為施壓的一方,而中國被動應(yīng)對。中美貿(mào)易的相互依存對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的影響具有兩面性,一方面會加大兩國發(fā)生貿(mào)易沖突的可能性,另一方面相互依存所導(dǎo)致的高昂“退出”成本,也會限制貿(mào)易摩擦爆發(fā)的程度,使其成為維系兩國貿(mào)易關(guān)系穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的基石。雖然中美貿(mào)易的相互依存推動了中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的不斷前行,但隨著中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的日益緊密,貿(mào)易失衡日益加劇,貿(mào)易摩擦愈演愈烈,人民幣匯率紛爭不斷,對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了極大的負(fù)面影響。中美貿(mào)易失衡是多種因素共同作用結(jié)果,貿(mào)易失衡強(qiáng)化了中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的不確定性、加劇了兩國貿(mào)易關(guān)系的不對稱性,是引發(fā)貿(mào)易摩擦的主要原因之一。除貿(mào)易失衡外,中美貿(mào)易摩擦產(chǎn)生的原因錯綜復(fù)雜,既有經(jīng)濟(jì)上的因素,也有政治上的原因。對于中美之間的貿(mào)易摩擦應(yīng)理性看待,貿(mào)易摩擦是中國實力強(qiáng)大的必然產(chǎn)物,也不是中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的主流。針對美國對中國人民幣匯率問題的指責(zé),本文還以匯率理論為基礎(chǔ),對中美間人民幣匯率之爭進(jìn)行了分析。在考察了人民幣升值與中美貿(mào)易差額關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為人民幣匯率并不是中美貿(mào)易失衡的主要原因,美國迫使人民幣升值并不是單純從經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的角度出發(fā),還有著深遠(yuǎn)的戰(zhàn)略目的。最后,通過前文的分析,本文對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行了判斷。首先指出由于相互依存所形成的共同利益的增長以及中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展的障礙短期內(nèi)很難解決,中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系將在波折中不斷前行。中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系是中國對外經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系中最重要的一環(huán),為促進(jìn)中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的健康發(fā)展,必須將中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系放到戰(zhàn)略高度去考察。本文提出了獨(dú)立自主、和平和雙贏應(yīng)該是中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展中的戰(zhàn)略定位,并從增強(qiáng)互信、緩解貿(mào)易失衡和妥善應(yīng)對貿(mào)易摩擦三個方面提出了促進(jìn)中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的對策。
[Abstract]:Since the normalization of Sino US relations, the development of bilateral trade relations have a favorable environment hitherto unknown, rapid development of Sino US trade, trade relations between the two countries is increasingly close. At the same time, as the economy occupies a significant position in the world economy, the healthy development of trade relations between the two countries, will not only have a great impetus to the economy of both countries and for the maintenance of the world economy, but also have important significance to the normal operation of trade and financial system. Therefore, this paper attempts to make a detailed investigation on the Sino US trade relations, not only is a useful supplement to the existing research, can also be China in dealing with Sino US trade issues, provide some reference. This paper reviews the theoretical basis Sino US trade relations. Sino US trade relations is an important part of Sino US relations, but also belongs to the Sino US relations, the whole country belongs to The strategy and foreign strategy. Especially the Sino US trade relations with the complexity of history, institutional differences, conflicts of national strategy, the inertia of history has an important influence on the development of trade relations between the two countries. So the understanding of Sino US trade relations, not only to the economic interests of the perspective but also considering the influence of non economic factors the economic relations between the two countries. Therefore, this paper not only summarizes the theory of international trade, but also on the national interest theory, interdependence theory and international cooperation theory of international relations theory to explain, and provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of Sino US trade relations. To clarify the relationship between history and reality in order to understand the current situation of Sino US trade. Development of the relationship between the studied history and current situation of the development of Sino US trade relations, on the basis that the Sino US trade relations development process Features. Needless to say, the Sino US trade relations with more "US led" color, the U.S. government policy choice on the development of Sino US trade relations have an important impact, therefore, this paper based on the summary of the US China trade policy evolution and characteristics, coordination and interaction of bilateral trade between China and the United States. Are analyzed. Through the analysis of the development of Sino US trade development history, can be found along with the deepening of Sino US economic and trade relations, bilateral trade interdependence has been improved. This improvement is the inevitable trend of economic globalization, but also the rapid development of Sino US trade results. On this basis, further pointed out that the interdependence between China and the United States is a kind of asymmetric dependence, from the current situation, the United States China dependence to be higher, which also makes the United States in the Sino US trade. A greater "power", often become the pressure side, and China passive response. Sino US trade interdependence influence on the development of Sino US trade relations has two sides, one hand will increase the possibility of bilateral trade conflicts, on the other hand, interdependence caused by the high cost of the "exit", will also limit the extent of the outbreak of trade friction, make it become the cornerstone to maintain stable development of trade relations between the two countries. Although the Sino US trade interdependence promote Sino US trade relations continue to move forward, but with the Sino US trade relations have become increasingly close, the growing trade imbalance, trade friction intensified, the RMB exchange rate disputes, has great negative effects on the development of Sino US trade relations. Sino US trade imbalance is the result of interaction of many factors, the trade imbalance and strengthen the Sino US trade relationship between uncertainty, increased two The asymmetry of the country trade relations, is one of the main causes of trade friction. In addition to the trade imbalance, the reasons for the Sino US trade friction is perplexing the economic factor, and there are also political reasons for the trade friction between China and the United States should be a rational view, trade friction is inevitable China powerful, mainstream is not a Sino US trade development. According to the Chinese accused the United States on the issue of RMB exchange rate, the exchange rate theory based on the argument of RMB exchange rate between China and the United States are analyzed. On the basis of RMB appreciation and the Sino US trade balance relation, the RMB exchange rate is not that the main reason of the Sino US trade imbalance, the United States forcing the appreciation of the renminbi is not only from the economic point of view, there is a far-reaching strategic objectives. Finally, through the above analysis, this paper on Sino US trade The prospects for the development of easy relations were judged. Firstly pointed out that due to the short common interests interconnected by the formation of the growth and development of Sino US trade barriers is difficult to solve, the Sino US trade relations will continue to move forward in the twists and turns. The Sino US trade relationship is the most important part of China in foreign economic relations, to promote the healthy development of Sino US trade the relationship between Sino US trade relations, must be on a strategic height to study. This paper presents independent, peaceful and win-win should be the strategic orientation of Sino US trade relations in development, and in enhancing mutual trust, reduce trade imbalances and properly handle trade frictions and puts forward some countermeasures for promoting the development of Sino US trade relations in three aspects.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752.7;F757.12
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本文編號：1659841