本文關(guān)鍵詞： 科技進(jìn)步 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) 廣義貢獻(xiàn)率 狹義貢獻(xiàn)率　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：強(qiáng)化實(shí)施科技興新,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型新疆,是新疆發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略。2010年中央新疆工作會(huì)議以后,新疆的發(fā)展速度進(jìn)一步加快,雖然科技投入和科技創(chuàng)新的力度得到顯著增強(qiáng),但經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)處于初級(jí)階段的特征仍很明顯,表現(xiàn)為粗放型增長(zhǎng)、過(guò)度依靠投資拉動(dòng)、資源初級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)比重過(guò)高等,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和科技進(jìn)步方面與全國(guó)還有較大的差距。在建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的形勢(shì)下,新疆依靠科技進(jìn)步轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著比其他省區(qū)更大的壓力。本文旨在通過(guò)深入研究科技進(jìn)步促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制,從廣義和狹義的角度分析科技進(jìn)步對(duì)新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響并與全國(guó)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,從而找出新疆科技進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中存在的問(wèn)題、原因以及相應(yīng)的解決辦法。首先,從理論上研究了科技進(jìn)步與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系,科技進(jìn)步的途徑及其在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中的作用,從產(chǎn)出的角度提出了狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率的理論和模型,比較全面地評(píng)價(jià)了科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率指標(biāo)的特性。其次,從經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和科技進(jìn)步兩個(gè)方面,分析了新疆的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、特點(diǎn),運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析等方法分析了新疆科技進(jìn)步與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)相互作用機(jī)制和存在的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,并與全國(guó)進(jìn)行了比較。第三,對(duì)新疆和全國(guó)的廣義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率、狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析,找出了新疆與全國(guó)差異存在的原因,分析了加大科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率的理論途徑。第四,在理論和實(shí)證研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了新疆提高科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率的政策措施。本文得出如下主要結(jié)論:1.科技進(jìn)步實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)發(fā)揮作用是科技進(jìn)步的根本目標(biāo)和基本特性。檢驗(yàn)科技進(jìn)步是否有效,只能從科學(xué)技術(shù)應(yīng)用后的產(chǎn)出規(guī)模是否得到擴(kuò)大及其產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)價(jià)值是否更好實(shí)現(xiàn)等狀況上來(lái)考量。開(kāi)展科技進(jìn)步活動(dòng)要考慮投入產(chǎn)出效應(yīng)和機(jī)會(huì)成本問(wèn)題�？萍歼M(jìn)步既是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)生因素,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)也為科技進(jìn)步提供了內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。2.狹義科技進(jìn)步是科技進(jìn)步的核心。狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率去除其他影響經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)因素后成為全要素生產(chǎn)率貢獻(xiàn)率。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中存在優(yōu)先擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,隨后提高科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率的現(xiàn)象。不必要求科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)同步提高,但適度超前提高科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率水平有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。加大研發(fā)的資金、勞動(dòng)投入和提高要素產(chǎn)出彈性有助于提高科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率。研發(fā)資金的增加要與研發(fā)勞動(dòng)的投入?yún)f(xié)調(diào)增長(zhǎng),不能盲目片面地增加研發(fā)資金投入。3.新疆的科技進(jìn)步相對(duì)全國(guó)比較滯后。主要表現(xiàn)為rd經(jīng)費(fèi)占gdp比重落后全國(guó)近20年,財(cái)政科技經(jīng)費(fèi)支出強(qiáng)度一直僅為全國(guó)的30%左右;2013年每萬(wàn)名就業(yè)人口擁有的rd活動(dòng)折合全時(shí)人員數(shù)僅為全國(guó)的31%,擁有的專利申請(qǐng)受理量不足全國(guó)的四分之一;每萬(wàn)人年rd人員擁有發(fā)明專利授權(quán)數(shù)落后全國(guó)近十年,企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平位居各省區(qū)市后列。其中rd經(jīng)費(fèi)和人員投入長(zhǎng)期不足,rd人員創(chuàng)新活力不足、能力不強(qiáng)是新疆科技進(jìn)步水平同全國(guó)產(chǎn)生差異的主要原因。4.新疆的科技進(jìn)步與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有密切關(guān)系。rd活動(dòng)折合全時(shí)人員數(shù)、rd經(jīng)費(fèi)支出額、財(cái)政科技經(jīng)費(fèi)支出額和專利申請(qǐng)受理量、發(fā)明專利授權(quán)量等5個(gè)指標(biāo)與下一年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是強(qiáng)正相關(guān),這些指標(biāo)的增長(zhǎng)都能提高下一年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與下一年的這些指標(biāo)也是強(qiáng)正相關(guān)。新疆科技創(chuàng)新的源頭是以技術(shù)引進(jìn)為主、自主創(chuàng)新為輔、技術(shù)溢出為補(bǔ)充。自主創(chuàng)新能力不足對(duì)新疆的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生很多負(fù)面影響。5.新疆的廣義和狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率總體處于波動(dòng)下滑過(guò)程中,與全國(guó)形成反差。1991~2013年新疆的廣義和狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率分別為30.23%和50.91%,均低于全國(guó)39.81%、60.06%。主要原因在于,勞動(dòng)力增長(zhǎng)率和資本投入增幅高于全國(guó),拉低了新疆的廣義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率;新疆rd經(jīng)費(fèi)和人員投入低于全國(guó),造成新疆狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率與全國(guó)有明顯差距。廣義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率小于狹義科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率,提示科技進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)潛力沒(méi)有充分發(fā)揮,新疆的潛力發(fā)揮的比全國(guó)更少。本文提出如下政策建議:1.加強(qiáng)科技進(jìn)步主體工作。一是加強(qiáng)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究開(kāi)發(fā)與推廣應(yīng)用,重點(diǎn)是大力開(kāi)展科技創(chuàng)新活動(dòng),完善區(qū)域創(chuàng)新體系,加強(qiáng)科技人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè);二是提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì),包括加強(qiáng)教育事業(yè)發(fā)展和對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的技能培訓(xùn)。2.改善科技進(jìn)步的環(huán)境條件。要建立有利于科技進(jìn)步的制度環(huán)境,加大對(duì)科技的投入力度,提高科技投入的產(chǎn)出效率,加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的創(chuàng)造和保護(hù)。3.優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)要素配置。調(diào)整勞動(dòng)力在3個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)間的比例結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)提高投資的科技含量、發(fā)揮好先進(jìn)企業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)的技術(shù)外溢作用、促進(jìn)企業(yè)的新陳代謝來(lái)調(diào)整優(yōu)化新疆資本的投入結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:To strengthen the implementation of science and technology of new, innovative construction of Xinjiang,.2010 is a major strategic development of Xinjiang central work conference in Xinjiang, Xinjiang to further accelerate the pace of development, although the investment in science and technology innovation has been significantly enhanced, but the economic growth is characteristic of primary stage is obviously showed extensive growth, excessive rely on investment, resource development primary proportion higher, in terms of economic development and technological progress of the country. There is a large gap in the construction of innovative country situation, Xinjiang rely on scientific and technological progress in the transformation of economic development mode, to achieve sustainable development is facing greater pressure than other provinces. This paper aims at the internal mechanism through in-depth study the progress of science and technology to promote economic growth, from the broad and narrow sense of scientific and technological progress effect on economic growth in Xinjiang and the country in contrast, from To find the Xinjiang scientific and technological progress and economic growth in the existing problems, causes and corresponding solutions. First of all, from the theoretical study of the relationship between scientific and technological progress and economic growth, the way of science and technology progress and the role in economic growth, the narrow sense theory and model of technical progress contribution rate was put forward from the output perspective. Comprehensive evaluation of the characteristics of contribution rate of scientific and technological progress index. Secondly, from two aspects of economic growth and the progress of science and technology, analyzes the development status and characteristics of Xinjiang, using the gray correlation analysis method to analyze the Xinjiang science and technology progress and economic growth in the interaction mechanism and the existence of interaction, and compared with the nationwide third, in Xinjiang and the general scientific and technological progress contribution rate, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in the empirical analysis, find out the reasons of the existence of Xinjiang and national differences, analysis of the increase The way of theory contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. Fourth, on the basis of theoretical and empirical research, put forward Xinjiang to improve the contribution rate of science and technology policies and measures. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. the progress of science and technology is essentially a kind of economic activity. To play the role of economic growth is the fundamental goal and basic characteristics of science and technology progress. The inspection is valid only from the progress of science and technology, the application of science and technology after the scale of production is expanding and its market value is to achieve better conditions to consider. The activities of scientific and technological progress to consider the investment cost output effect and opportunity. The progress of science and technology is the inner factor of economic growth, economic growth is the progress of science and technology provides the endogenous the progress of science and technology is the core power of.2. in the progress of science and technology. As TFP contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in the removal of other factors affecting economic growth The rate of contribution rate. There are preferred to expand the scale of production in the economic growth, and enhance the contribution rate of technological progress. The phenomenon does not require the contribution rate of technological progress and economic growth increased, but moderate in advance to improve the contribution rate of technological progress level is conducive to economic growth. To increase the capital development, labor input and output elasticity of factors will help improve to improve the contribution rate of technological progress. To increase R & D and R & D investment funds increase the coordination of labor, can not increase R & D investment.3. Xinjiang science and technology progress is relatively lagging behind. The blind sided mainly for RD funds accounted for the proportion of GDP backward country for nearly 20 years, spending the intensity of financial technology funding has been only about 30% of the country 2013; every 10000 employment have Rd activity equivalent to full time personnel number is only 31% of the country, have the patent applications accepted less than 1/4 of the country; every 000 Rd staff have a number of invention patents and backward country for nearly ten years, the innovation capacity of enterprises and high tech industrialization level in the provinces. After the RD funds and personnel investment shortage for a long time, RD personnel lack of innovation and vitality, ability is the main reason for Xinjiang.4. science and technology progress level with the national differences in Xinjiang the scientific and technological progress and economic growth are closely related to.Rd activity equivalent to full time staff, spending Rd funds, fiscal expenditure and funding for science and technology patent applications, economic indicators 5 invention patents and next year's growth is strong positive correlation, the index of the growth can increase the rate of economic growth next year's economic growth. And these indicators next year is a strong positive correlation. The source of Xinjiang science and technology innovation is the introduction of technology, independent innovation as the technology spillover is added. The ability of independent innovation is not The foot of Xinjiang economic growth fluctuations in the overall contribution of the broad and narrow technological progress many negative effects.5. Xinjiang's rate of decline in the process of formation, with broad and narrow contrast.1991~2013 in Xinjiang science and technology progress rates were 30.23% and 50.91% and the country, all over the country were lower than 39.81%, the main reason is that the growth rate of 60.06%., labor and capital the input increase is higher than the national low Xinjiang general scientific and technological progress contribution rate; RD funds and personnel in Xinjiang is lower than the national, cause there is difference between the Xinjiang special contribution rate of technological progress and the broad sense. The contribution rate of technological progress is less than the narrow contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, the progress of science and technology that bring economic growth potential has not brought into full play, play Xinjiang's potential than the less. This paper proposes the following policy recommendations: 1. to strengthen the scientific and technological progress. The main work is to strengthen the scientific and technological research The development and application of the key is to vigorously carry out technological innovation activities, improve the regional innovation system, strengthen the construction of scientific and technical personnel; two is to improve the quality of workers, including the strengthening of the development of education and labor skills training to improve the progress of science and technology.2. environmental conditions. To create a favorable institutional environment for scientific and technological progress, increase investment in science and technology efforts to improve the scientific and technological input-output efficiency, strengthen the optimal allocation of the creation and protection of intellectual property rights. The elements of the.3. industry in the adjustment of labor force proportion structure of 3 industries, by increasing the content of science and technology investment, spillover effects play well advanced enterprise and industry technology, promote enterprises to adjust and optimize the investment structure of Xinjiang The new supersedes the old. capital.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F124.3

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