本文關(guān)鍵詞： 保障性住房 城市關(guān)聯(lián)性 形態(tài)構(gòu)成分類 制度建構(gòu)策略 城市空間策略 建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：迄今為止,我國的住房制度改革實(shí)施已有三十多年歷史,其中同步進(jìn)行了保障性住房制度建設(shè),改革取得了巨大的成就。伴隨著快速城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程,保障性住房制度經(jīng)歷著從無到有,從計(jì)劃到市場(chǎng)的過程。本論文基于保障房住區(qū)與城市關(guān)聯(lián)性視角,對(duì)保障性住房的制度構(gòu)建、城市空間分布、建筑設(shè)計(jì)等方面開展研究,試圖提出一個(gè)較為全面的,涵蓋從體系建設(shè)到建筑細(xì)節(jié)全過程的策略。論文按“國內(nèi)外保障房制度建設(shè)比較研究——基于保障房住區(qū)與城市關(guān)聯(lián)性分析保障房城市空間形態(tài)——保障房體系制度、城市空間、保障房住區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)等宏觀、中觀、微觀層面的設(shè)計(jì)策略”路線開展研究。首先,梳理出保障性住房制度在住房制度改革五個(gè)階段中扮演的角色和發(fā)展過程,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)適用住房、廉租住房、公共租賃房、棚戶區(qū)改造、城中村進(jìn)行了專項(xiàng)研究。這部分研究的意義在于從宏觀的角度看待城市關(guān)聯(lián)性視角下的保障房建設(shè),與我國保障性住房制度構(gòu)建、城市非平衡性、未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的預(yù)測(cè)等內(nèi)容都有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián),這也是相比其他建筑學(xué)背景的研究者而言,本文花了更多筆墨于這個(gè)過程分析的原因。選取香港、新加坡、美國、英國等境外地區(qū)和國家的保障性住房制度作為研究對(duì)象,研究得出的啟示包括:成立專門的運(yùn)營(yíng)管理機(jī)構(gòu);設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密的保障性住房運(yùn)行機(jī)制;準(zhǔn)確把握市場(chǎng)與政府角色;發(fā)展住房公積金制度;注重資金平衡;建立多層次全方位的金融支持體系;提供租用和購買的渠道;“體面住房”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的全面性;更新計(jì)劃的公眾參與度、關(guān)鍵工作者的住房保障問題等。論文結(jié)論部分借鑒了他們的先進(jìn)做法和理念。很多學(xué)者的研究都分析了保障性住房建設(shè)中顯性問題,如邊緣郊區(qū)化、大型化趨勢(shì)、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施缺乏、給城市形象和社會(huì)治安帶來負(fù)面影響等。傳統(tǒng)研究方法是從城市選址和規(guī)劃層面分析,但得出的結(jié)論往往失之于表面。本研究基于保障房與城市關(guān)聯(lián)性視角,提出了保障性住房與城市空間之間、保障性住房與被保障人群生活方式之間、保障性住房建設(shè)與運(yùn)行模式之間這三個(gè)彼此關(guān)聯(lián)的本體間存在的問題,其關(guān)系對(duì)保障房在城市空間中規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、分配、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)等會(huì)有深層次的影響,形成了保障性住房與相應(yīng)城市空間的關(guān)聯(lián)性,包含:城市非平衡性、城市間及城市自身非公平性、被保障人群自身非平衡性發(fā)展、生活肌理改變與社會(huì)屬性的認(rèn)知、硬質(zhì)邊界的規(guī)劃與復(fù)合化界面、自組織行為帶來的自生長(zhǎng)性、資本的力量與保障屬性的關(guān)系、混合居住模式和空置房等方面。從保障性住房與城市關(guān)聯(lián)的密切程度來看,保障性住房小區(qū)與城市之間形成了三大類型和六種子型:自我完善型中的依托超大城市發(fā)展子型和依托企業(yè)及園區(qū)子型;城市疊加型中的自身帶動(dòng)城市發(fā)展子型和依托主城區(qū)疊合發(fā)展子型;斑塊融入包含有機(jī)更新融入城市子型和城區(qū)地塊新建融入子型。論文對(duì)每個(gè)子型的存在基礎(chǔ)、規(guī)模、與主城區(qū)距離、配套設(shè)施完善度、就業(yè)崗位特點(diǎn)和交通方式等方面都做了研究。基于城市關(guān)聯(lián)性下的保障性住房形態(tài)構(gòu)成分析是本文主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)之一。通過前文的分析,研究嘗試提出保障性住房建設(shè)制度層面的宏觀策略,基于城市關(guān)聯(lián)性下的城市空間中觀保障策略,保障房住區(qū)公共空間營(yíng)造與住宅設(shè)計(jì)微觀策略。這幾個(gè)方面同時(shí)也是論文的主要研究成果:1、宏觀策略。包含立法和制度兩個(gè)方面。首先確定保障性住房體制社會(huì)公平性、保障適度性、長(zhǎng)期動(dòng)態(tài)性、地區(qū)非平衡性等基本屬性,這些屬性有的是各國之共性,有些則是我國特有的。從保障主體、保障房類型、保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、保障方式等幾個(gè)主要方面做出法律構(gòu)建的建議,尤其針對(duì)農(nóng)民工、新就業(yè)大學(xué)生、各類引進(jìn)人才、老齡化人口等保障對(duì)象做了長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)的預(yù)判。制度建設(shè)主要是操作層面的構(gòu)建,包括:資金籌集的方式、建設(shè)與管理的框架建設(shè)、準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與退出機(jī)制、信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)和公開等幾個(gè)方面。2、中觀策略。研究基于城市關(guān)聯(lián)性下的城市空間提出:組團(tuán)平衡與混合居住;公共交通導(dǎo)向;多元化房源下的空間選址;復(fù)合界面等四大方面十三點(diǎn)針對(duì)性策略。針對(duì)這些通用性的策略在三種保障性住房形態(tài)類型中的具體應(yīng)用,又針對(duì)性的提出了相應(yīng)的細(xì)則,例如自我完善型中提出了產(chǎn)業(yè)與生活安置的關(guān)系、相應(yīng)的大運(yùn)量交通體系、相對(duì)疏離與城市的鄰里單元塑造、產(chǎn)業(yè)遠(yuǎn)景下的住區(qū)更新等策略。城市疊加型提出了快速聚集人氣帶動(dòng)發(fā)展的方式、構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)化交通、推動(dòng)居住中復(fù)合化社區(qū)模式等策略。在斑塊融入型中,棚戶區(qū)改造等方式如何與保障對(duì)象和空間結(jié)合、當(dāng)居民置換后,中心城區(qū)二次開發(fā)中保障性社區(qū)的社區(qū)活化方法和原則等策略。3、微觀策略。保障房設(shè)計(jì)策略主要提出了小區(qū)總圖層面的空間策略,戶型和單元層面的類型和組合設(shè)計(jì)策略,單一空間內(nèi)部的利用與改造策略,總體而言也是一步步將空間尺度由大及小,全方位對(duì)保障對(duì)象的居住條件進(jìn)行研究。在小區(qū)整體空間層面重點(diǎn)在于提取了保障房與普通商品房不同的特點(diǎn)開展研究,這也是改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)師只看到二者居住的共性,忽視了保障對(duì)象特殊性,從而提出的專門的設(shè)計(jì)策略。戶型與單元策略上,收集了近百種近年來實(shí)施的保障性住房戶型與商品房小戶型,通過ldbk的功能體系分類法,對(duì)各種不同戶型做了分門別類的研究。同時(shí)按多層與小高層、高層住宅研究了外廊式、內(nèi)廊式、單元式、塔式、躍廊式等不同單元的組合特點(diǎn)。另外從人體行為需要的具體空間尺度、關(guān)聯(lián)空間尺度、單一空間的綜合利用方面,提出了套型間的空間置換、套型的合并與拆分、套型內(nèi)部空間的局部重組、空殼支撐體等方式。
[Abstract]:So far, China's housing system reform has been implemented for more than thirty years of history, the synchronization of security system of housing construction, reform has made great achievements. With the rapid urbanization process, affordable housing system experienced a process from scratch, from plan to market. This paper is based on the perspective of the relevance of low-income housing residential area with the construction of the city, the city housing security system, spatial distribution, research of architectural design, tries to put forward a more comprehensive, covering the whole process from the system construction to the construction details of the strategy. According to the domestic and foreign "low-income housing system construction -- Based on the comparative study of low-income housing living area and City Association Analysis of city spatial form of low-income housing system, low-income housing space of the city, low-income housing residential design macro, meso and micro level route design strategy research. First, sort out the role and development of affordable housing system plays in the five stages of the reform of the housing system in the application of economic housing, low-cost housing, public rental housing, shanty towns, villages in the city conducted a special study. This part of the significance of the study is from a macro point of view from the perspective of the relevance of the city low-income housing construction, and China's affordable housing system construction, city of non-equilibrium, the future development trend of the prediction of the content are closely related, this study also compared to other architecture background is concerned, this paper took more attention on the analysis of the process of selection. Hongkong, Singapore, the United States, Britain, etc. outside the region and the country's affordable housing system as the research object, the enlightenments include: the establishment of the operation of specialized management agencies; rigorous design of affordable housing operation mechanism; accurate grasp of the market With the development of the role of the government; housing provident fund system; pay attention to the balance of funds; financial support for the establishment of a multi-level system of full range; provide rental and purchase channels; "comprehensive decent housing" standard; updating plan of public participation, key workers housing security issues. The conclusion from their advanced practice and philosophy. Many scholars have analyzed the dominant problems of affordable housing construction, such as the edge of suburbanization, the large-scale trend, the lack of public service facilities, to the city image and the negative impact of social security. The traditional research method is from the city location and planning level analysis, but the conclusion is often lost in the surface this study is based on the perspective of protection. Relationship between housing and city, between the affordable housing and city space between affordable housing and guarantee the healthy life style, affordable housing Between construction and operation mode of the three interrelated body problems, the relationship of low-income housing in the city space planning, construction, distribution, effect of operation will be in-depth, the formation of relevance, affordable housing and city space includes the city non balance between city and. The city itself not fair, was guarantees crowd their non balanced development, change the texture of life and social attribute cognition, planning and composite interface of hard boundaries, self growing self-organizing behavior of lead, power and property related to the protection of capital, mixed residential pattern and vacant housing and other aspects. From the point of view of the close degree affordable housing and City Association, three types and six seed types were formed between the affordable housing district and the city: self improvement in city development and relying on large enterprises and relying on the park type city; Superimposed in their city driven development and urban development relying on the composite sub type; plaque contains organic plots into update into the city and sub city of new type into subtypes. Based on each sub type, the size, distance and the main urban areas, improve the supporting facilities, employment and traffic characteristics of the post so do the research. The City Association under the affordable housing form analysis is one of the innovations of this paper based on the research. Through the above analysis, try to put forward the strategy of macro security housing construction system, city space medium security strategy based on the relevance of the city, low-income housing construction and residential public space residential design of micro strategies. Main results in this paper are also several aspects: 1. The macro strategy includes two aspects of legislation and system. First determine the affordable housing system in society Fairness, moderate protection, long-term dynamic, non balance of basic attributes, these attributes are some countries in common, some are endemic to China. From the protection of the main types of low-income housing, security standard, make suggestions for the construction of legal protection means in several main aspects, especially for migrant workers, new jobs college students, the introduction of various types of talents, the aging population do security object the long-term trend in anticipation. The system construction is the main building, the level of operation include: the way of raising funds, building construction and management framework, access standards and exit mechanism, information system construction and other aspects of the public.2, the concept of strategy research of city. The relevance of the city space is proposed based on group balance and housing mix; public transport oriented; diversified housing under the space location; compound interface of four aspects of thirteen specific strategies for this. Some specific application of general policy in three affordable housing types in the rules and put forward the corresponding improvement, such as self type is put forward in the relationship between industry and living resettlement, large transportation system, the relative neighborhood alienation and city building, the residential industry prospects update strategy. City superposition proposed quickly gathered popularity led the development of the way of building the network traffic, promote the living in compound community mode and strategy. In the plaques into type, how to shantytowns etc. combined with the security object and space, when the residents after the replacement, the city center in the two development of security community activation methods and principles of strategies such as.3, micro strategies. Low-income housing design strategy mainly put forward the space strategy of residential layout level, apartment layout and unit level types and combinations of design strategies, Use and transformation strategies for single space inside, the whole is a step by step to spatial scale by large and small, on a full range of security object is extracted. The living conditions of low-income housing and ordinary commercial housing different characteristics research in the area of the whole space level of focus, which is changing the designer only see two people in general, neglects the particularity of security objects, so as to put forward specific design strategies and tactics. Apartment layout unit, collected nearly 100 in recent years the implementation of affordable housing and commercial housing apartment layout large-sized apartment, the function system of the classification of ldbk, the different apartment layout do research. At the same time be arranged in multiple layers with the small high-rise, high-rise residential on the veranda style, corridor, unit type, tower type, combination type and other different characteristics of Yue Lang unit. In addition from the behavior of the human specific space scale, space correlation In terms of the comprehensive utilization of single space, we put forward the way of space replacement, the combination and split of the form, the local reorganization of the inner space and the support of the empty shell.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F299.23;TU241.93

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 史玉成;;居民住房空置浪費(fèi)的法律規(guī)制[J];西部法學(xué)評(píng)論;2015年06期

2 何玲玲;李r，

本文編號(hào)：1442268